Role Of Wife Research Articles

제2차 세계대전 기간 미국의 핀업 걸에 나타난 애국주의

During World War II, Pin-Ups played a big role in military propaganda. At the time, Pin-Ups weren’t just about comforting soldiers on the battlefield. Therein lay a uniquely American patriotism. In a liberal country like the United States, it is difficult to ask citizens to defend the country, so American politicians had to appeal to private obligations, first and foremost the moral obligations that exist between men and women. Pin-Ups were a useful tool to arouse men’s patriotism by conveying the message that they should defend their wives and girlfriends on the mainland.
 Meanwhile, American women were able to find their own new sexual identity through Pin-Ups. The conventions that confined women to the roles of wife and mother were broken during the war. New attributes of independence and assertiveness were spreading among American women. The Pin-Up Girl, an icon of the active and desirable woman, was a useful model for American women to create a new self.
 With the end of World War II and the return of men from overseas, the social climate for women returned to the past. A country that had actively supported women’s mobilization into the workforce during the war now began to tell women that it was their patriotic duty to return home. Women lost their place in the workplace and men-only magazines like Playboy became popular. However, the sense of liberation that American women experienced during the war, and the experience of living as full members of society, would later lead to the American women’s movement of the 1960s.

“Will doe all in her power”: the role of women in the contested will of Henry Cavendish

ABSTRACT When the 2nd Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Henry Cavendish died in 1691, he left behind one of the wealthiest estates in England. Having no male heir, he chose to leave his fortune to his favourite daughter Margaret. This decision was not well received by other family members, leading to a lengthy conflict culminating in court proceedings that attempted to contest the will. Utilising both judicial sources as well as personal correspondence, this paper examines the role and influence of the women within the Cavendish family in this process. It explores the methods by which they were able to participate both in and outside of court, and how they utilised both practical and emotional tactics to achieve their aims. This paper argues that the idealised roles of wife, mother and widow offered women a role of influence, lending credibility to their testimonies as well as enabling them to effectively manage family discord.

A Psychoanalytic Liberal Feminist Analysis of George Moore's "Esther Waters"

In the nineteenth-century English society, the public sphere is associated with rationality and man whereas the private sphere is identified with morality and woman. Being deprived of education and professions, women are given the roles of wife and mother. Liberal feminism emphasizes the equality of woman with man in legal and social life. In this sense, the standpoints of Mary Wollstonecraft, Harriet Taylor, and John Stuart Mill for women’s position are expressed. The analysis of the unconscious is important for examining the oppression that women are subjected to in patriarchal society. Thus the views of important psychoanalysts such as Sigmund Freud, Carl G. Jung, and Jacques Lacan are explained. This study examines women’s position in George Moore’s "Esther Waters" in terms of education and marriage with a psychoanalytic liberal feminist approach. Esther has an extramarital sex, has an illegitimate child and struggles financially for her son as a fallen woman. In this study, no matter how Esther tries to draw a libertarian and ‘New Woman’ profile, the patriarchal society in which she lives does not allow her to be liberated and she continues her life by being forced to marry.

Gendered youth transitions in local jihad in Indonesia: negotiating agency in arranged marriage

ABSTRACT In accounts of local Islamist jihad, little attention has been directed to how young women exercise agency when they face arranged marriages with jihadi fighters. They undergo a different kind of life transition, one that has rarely been examined in youth studies. This paper reports on a study of how young female Muslims in arranged marriages with mujahidin men navigated their transitions to adulthood in Eastern Indonesia. The study employed an ethnographic approach, including live-in observation and interviews. The data was analysed using a biographical narrative approach. We found that some young local women were married off to previously unknown mujahidin men. As the Muslim–Christian conflict raged around them, they navigated their roles of wife and mother while embedded in a jihadi network justified by Islamist ideology. Later, following the arrest of their husbands, they gained some agency and asserted a more independent adulthood by actively shaping their own life trajectories. The analysis extends our broader knowledge of (female) youth transitions in civil conflict situations in the Global South.

『金甁梅』와 영화 ｢시카고｣의 ‘미녀에 의한 살인’ 서사 비교

Ban Jin-Lian, the heroine of Ming dynasty novel “JinPingmei”, and Roxy, the heroine of the movie “Chicago”, were not punished for their crimes due to their beautiful appearance, despite clear evidence of their involvement in a man's murder. They are exceptional beauties who conform to the standards of beauty established by a male-dominated society. Men coveted their sexual appeal, and the public's attention was captivated by them. In the vulnerable position of women within traditional society, they actively utilized their beauty. They knew how to manipulate powerful and capable men through their attractiveness and sex appeal. Moreover, they were resolute in their desires and pursued them. Here, these two beauties face a contradiction. Externally, they meet the aesthetic criteria set by a male-centered society, but internally, they resist the norms of traditional society and strive to remain true to their own desires. Both Jin-Lian and Roxy refuse to conform to the role of submissive wives. They demand more rights than what is permitted in a male-dominated society and openly express their sexual desires. From the perspective of men, these women are seen as “destroyers of order” and the “roots of evil.” Positioned in opposition to the sacred and sublime ideal of the “mother”, these women are simultaneously desired and feared. Their actions are perceived to have had an impact, and this is where their individual coldness and cruelty contribute to the creation of a “beautiful devil” character.

Women's Activism and Mobilization in Wartime China: Cadre Training, National Economic Production, and Workers’ Literacy (1937–1945)

Abstract The mobilization of women pursued by the Women's Advisory Committee (Funü zhidao weiyuanhui 婦女指導委員會) during the war against Japan (1937–1945) has mainly been associated with the wider war effort in the country and resistance to the enemy. This article takes a different viewpoint and argues that the programs implemented by women activists in this committee looked beyond the immediate wartime necessity and tried to secure also long-term gains for women. The mobilization transcended traditional gender roles of wives and mothers and paid particular attention to the involvement of middle- and lower-class women. This article examines women's activism and mobilization in the context of three main areas: first, the women's cadre training in the wartime capital Chongqing and in provinces and counties across China; second, the national economic production; and third, the literacy campaigns conducted among women factory workers. It concludes that women activists knowingly used the wartime crisis to provide fellow women with the tools for securing economic and social independence while addressing the wartime emergencies.

PENINGKATAN PERAN ISTRI PETANI KELAPA: ANALISIS TANTANGAN DAN POTENSI MENUJU KEBERLANJUTAN USAHATANI

Empowering women in the context of agricultural sustainability is an important and relevant issue. However, there are challenges and obstacles that need to be addressed in efforts to empower women farmers. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of the roles, challenges, and potentials of coconut farmer's wives in women's empowerment is necessary. The aim of this research is to evaluate the roles of coconut farmer's wives based on their potentials and the challenges they face, with the goal of supporting the sustainability of coconut farming. A Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) framework combined with an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) framework is used to analyze the perceptions of experts regarding the roles of coconut farmer's wives in the research location. The research findings indicate that the most prominent threat to the role of women farmers is the frequent changes in agricultural policies that can affect prices and the lack of training programs for women coconut farmers. Meanwhile, the prominent weaknesses affecting the role of women coconut farmers in the research location are the frequent limitations in accessing productive resources such as capital, land, technology, and training. The results obtained from this research can provide knowledge and understanding to various stakeholders regarding the most crucial issues to consider in formulating policies to enhance the role of women farmers

Improving Women’s Empowerment Through Management of Dairy Farms Based on Circular Economy

This study examines the role of farmer wives in managing circular economy-based dairy farms and its impact on family income. The research focuses on the utilization of dairy waste through the production of organic fertilizer (manure) and biogas. The processed manure is used for fertilizing fodder crops and vegetables, both for personal consumption and sale. The study was conducted among farmers in the Tegalombo District of Pacitan, East Java. Regression analysis is employed to assess the factors influencing farmers' income and determine the potential of women's participation in farming to enhance household income. Based on a survey of 101 families, the findings reveal that households can save up to 145,949.35 rupiahs per month by reducing expenses on animal feed (grass). The regression results indicate that the adoption of circular economy practices positively impacts farmers' income, including income derived from dairy farming and overall farming activities. Moreover, by promoting the involvement of women in farm management, the study aligns with the second Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) to address hunger, achieve food security, and promote sustainable agriculture, as well as the fifth SDG to attain gender equality and empower women and girls.

What causes concordance of hypertension between spouses in India? Identifying a critical knowledge gap from a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of 63,020 couples aged 15 + years

BackgroundHypertension, a critical risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is found to cluster between spouses due to within-couple aggregation of antecedent environmental risk factors, either through assortative mating or cohabitation. However, majority of the evidence of spousal concordance of hypertension is from Caucasoid couples from western societies, whereas marriage, partner selection, and post-marital roles of husband and wives are very different in Indian society. Therefore, we aimed to comprehensively examine the phenomenon of spousal concordance of hypertension in Indian couples.MethodCouples from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India Wave 1 (n = 10,994) and National Family Health Survey Round 5 (n = 52,026) represented 15 years + Indian spouses. Hypertension was defined when systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure was > 139 and > 89 mmHg respectively, and/or if the individual was previously diagnosed or on anti-hypertensive medication. Odds Ratios (OR) estimated the within-couple concordance of hypertension while adjusting for five environmental risk factors of hypertension: individual-level body mass index, education and caste, and household-level wealth and place of residence.ResultOR marginally attenuated from 1.84 (95% Confidence Interval: 1.77, 1.92) to 1.75 (1.68, 1.83) after adjustment, signifying negligible explanation by environmental risk factors, and plausibility of “novel” risk factors. Concordance continued to weaken with age (OR: 2.25 (2.02, 2.52) in < 30 versus 1.36 (1.20, 1.53) in ≥ 60 years).ConclusionOur study underscores two critical knowledge gaps: first, the identity of “novel” risk factors of hypertension and second, the mechanism behind weakening of concordance with age. Future research should explore these novel risk factors rigorously and try to modify them. Also, primary healthcare policy of the country should focus on couples in addition to individuals for hypertension and cardiovascular disease screening and management.

Visual representation of the menopause in Iran

This study investigates the visual representation of menopause in Iranian health promotion resources. The author uses Kress and Van Leeuwen’s approach to visual analysis (Kress G and Van Leeuwen T (2002) Colour as a semiotic mode: Notes for a grammar of colour. Visual Communication 2(3): 343–368 and Kress G and Van Leeuwen T (2006) Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design, 2nd edn. London: Routledge.) to study publications about the menopause by the Iranian Government and two major medical universities. Two research questions guide the investigation: How do Iranian health promotion resources visually represent the menopause? How do these representations reflect and reproduce cultural values and religious beliefs? Findings reveal that: the publications address both men and women, but exclude widows, single and divorced women; the publications encourage women to stay healthy and lead a fulfilling post-menopausal life; and that they have a distinctly Iranian approach to the use of visual communication, characterized by abstract modality, visual symbolism and the emotive expressivity of a vivid use of colour. However, the publications have not been updated since 2008 and are currently not distributed so that their generally positive message cannot, at present, challenge some traditional masculine beliefs which restrict women to the roles of wife and mother.

More than Measurement Error: Discrepant Reporting of Contraceptive Use and the Role of Wives' and Husbands' Educational Attainment.

This paper describes discrepancies in spouses' reports of the use of female-controlled, nonvisible contraceptive methods using data from rural Nepal that were collected monthly from both spouses of 822 couples between 2008 and 2016. We find that spouses in about half of couples provided discrepant reports during the period of observation, and these discrepancies occurred in 14 percent of the months of observation. We then investigate these discrepant reports as possible indicators of incomplete transparency regarding reproductive choices and examine whether they are associated with wives' education and spouses' relative education levels. We find, first, that wife's educational attainment was negatively associated with discrepant reports of contraceptive use, independent of spouses' relative educational attainment. At the same time, these models suggest that educational differences between husbands and wives were associated with discrepant reports. Couples in which wives had more education than their husbands faced greater odds of discrepant reports of contraceptive use, relative to couples in which spouses had similar education. Among couples in which husbands had more education than wives odds of wife-only reporting were lower, relative to couples with similar levels of education. These findings offer important new insights into spousal dynamics that may influence transparency regarding contraceptive use.

Promoting Gender Equality for Accountants Religiously: A Collaborative Approach

Gender inequality remains a concerning issue in accounting professions, primarily due to the prevalence of traditional masculine values. Additionally, religious perspectives often assign women the roles of mothers and wives within households. However, it is important to note that Allah views men and women as equals in this world, differentiating them only through faith and piety. Considering this standpoint, this study employs a religious approach to address and diminish the influence of masculinity values and promote gender equality within Islamic principles. To achieve this, the study identifies and examines the masculinity values that perpetuate gender inequality within the accounting profession, using documentary research methods. The investigation reveals several masculinity values that justify gender disparities in this field. To counteract these harmful values, the study draws a parallel between leadership and accounting and proposes relevant Islamic values that can challenge and neutralize the identified masculinity norms, thereby fostering gender equality. This research contributes to the refinement of the religious approach by acknowledging and addressing the influence of masculinity values that contribute to gender inequality and replacing them with Islamic values that promote fairness and equity.

Peran Ganda Istri dalam Meningkatan Ekonomi Keluarga (Studi Deskriptif Pekerja Perempuan Peternakan Ayam Petelur di Desa Kandangan, Kecamatan Srengat, Kabupaten Blitar)

Social welfare problems arise because basic needs are not met due to the relatively small income of the husband. Most of the women who are in the laying hen farm environment choose to become laying hen farm laborers, due to low levels of education, limited employment opportunities, limited skills This study aims to describe and analyze the dual role of wives in improving the family economy. The approach in this research is qualitative with descriptive study research type. The technique of determining informants using purposive sampling with seven main informants and eight additional informants. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study describe the dual role of wives in improving the family economy which is divided into three, namely the dual role of wives, factors that influence the dual role of wives, and the role of wives in improving the family economy. The role of wives as laying hen farm laborers is influential in improving the family economy because the income received by the husband is felt to be unable to meet daily, so the wife wants to help earn additional income. With an increase in the family economy by 2.32% from before, the family welfare can be said to have increased.

Narratives and radial categories structuring them (based on the western mass-media narrative about Melania Trump)

The article focuses on establishing the constitutive features of the narrative about First Lady Melania Trump, created by the English mass media. Narratives thematizing personalities of the first ladies of the United States are ideologically oriented political narratives shaping public opinion and having socio-pragmatic potential. The research methodology combines the achievements of narratology with the tools of cognitive modeling, which allows us to reveal the mechanisms of creating narratives. The narrative about Melania Trump is formed on the basis of the convergence or non-convergence of her inherent features with the ideal-prototype of the radial category FIRST LADY. These features are instantiated by numerous discursive contexts, which, being placed in the linguistic, social, cultural and historical context of the narrative, create associative links between the activated conceptual structures, organizing them according to the principle of the radial category FIRST LADY. The analysis of language / speech units that literally and metaphorically represent the narrative about Melania Trump makes it possible to conclude that Melania Trump is presented as a person displaying deviations from almost all standard attributes of the TRADITIONAL FIRST LADY subcategory (unsatisfactory performance of the roles of WIFE, MOTHER, HOUSEKEEPER, WHITE HOUSE HOSTESS; non-elitist origin, dubious education; inability to sympathize with the general public, inappropriateness/tactlessness, lack of sophistication/elegance, tarnished reputation), but cannot be considered as a representative of the ALTERNATIVE FIRST LADY subcategory due to lack of interest in active political activities. Thus, the narrative of the English media about Melania Trump presents her as an ANTI-FIRST LADY, who does not correspond to any role attributes motivated by the ideal-prototype of the radial category FIRST LADY, and conceptual structures activated by the attributes ascribed to her, form a new deviation from the central model.

ERKEKLERİN DÜNYASINDA KADIN OLMAK: ANNE SEXTON’IN İKON KIRICILIĞA DAİR MANİFESTOSU

World history is the history of rebellions and revolts experienced since the&#x0D; devil’s rebellion against God, described in holy books. Among the most striking examples&#x0D; of this turbulent and dynamic process are man’s revolt against the church with&#x0D; Renaissance, people’s against the king with French Revolution, and women’s against&#x0D; patriarchal order and men with Modernism. The rights not given to the rebels by their rulers&#x0D; are indeed behind all these rebellions. In fact, the last one is referred to as a women’s&#x0D; rights struggle that started in the 19th century and spread to the 20th century in western&#x0D; culture. Anne Sexton, with her poem titled “Her Kind” and analysed in our study, presents&#x0D; her works as one of the cornerstones of American women’s poetry in the last century. In&#x0D; this poem in which she challenges the roles of obedient housewife, chaste mother and&#x0D; faithful wife imposed on women for thousands of years due to Eve archetype, Sexton also&#x0D; opposes the social exclusion, accusation and stigmatization of women who get rid of these&#x0D; roles shaped by traditional male perspective. She writes the manifesto of the free and&#x0D; independent woman by stating firmly on the last line of each stanza “I am her kind”. In our&#x0D; study, the manifesto that Sexton produces in this poem is examined with a focus on its&#x0D; precursors, and it is concluded that this rebellion actually stemmed from long years of&#x0D; obedience. Writing with the belief that God imposes this obedience on women with His&#x0D; holy books, the state with its laws, society with its traditions and men with their physical&#x0D; and economic power, Sexton rejects all these traditional and stereotyped female identities,&#x0D; secondary to men. Thus she proves to be one of the iconoclast female figures of the 20th&#x0D; century, thereby writing her name in the history of women’s struggle.

Forbidden Aspect of Erotic Desire Embodied in the Figure of the Vampire in “Carmilla” and “Olalla”

During the Victorian period, there was a dichotomy for women. On the one hand, there was the image of an “Angel of the House”, who was basically the submissive wife within a strongly patriarchal system. On the other hand, women could also be portrayed as monsters/prostitute because they refused to fulfill the role of a perfect wife and preferred to have an uncontrollable sex desire. This research will focus on the analysis of women as “monsters” by using the nineteenth-century vampire stories “Olalla” by Robert Louis Stevenson and “Carmilla” by J. Sheridan Le Fanu. These two works will provide an exploration into the forbidden or transgressive aspects of erotic desire embodied in the figure of the vampire, precisely, female vampire. Throughout this study, there are several transgressive elements depicted in the characters of Olalla andCarmilla. Firstly, those monsters are sexually empowered characters, Olalla and Carmilla posses a sex desire that should not be acceptable for a woman. Secondly, the short stories clearly establish a ‘role reversal’ in therelationships with their human partners, that is to say, the female vampires take the active role since their fangs are the elements of penetration (like a phallus) whereas their lovers take the passive role. And thirdly, the sexual orientation is considered transgressive, particularly, in Le Fanu’s “Carmilla” that presents a homosexual relationship with a female friend, Laura.

The Transformation of the Dilemma of Role Exchange in the Household: Analyzed Gender in Family Resilience Discourse in National Law and Islamic Law

This article analyzes the dilemma of changing roles in a household that is often unequal. Inequality occurs due to the wife's dominant role in meeting the family's needs; the wife bears a double burden compared to the husband. This study uses qualitative research with a literature research system through a formal juridical approach and gender analysis. The subject of this research refers to the articles in the Marriage Act and Compilation of Islamic Law. Researchers chose purposive sampling based on specific criteria and categories that can be described and analyzed. The findings of this study indicate the dilemma of relationships and roles in the household, where the ideal relationship within the family must be a provision for family resilience to realize national resilience. In addition, working women must be able to carry out their rights and obligations in a balanced way, even though information technology and the media are challenges to family life today. The optimization of the marriage guidance program and the reconstruction of Islamic Family Law and the Marriage Law must serve as an affirmation basis for the dynamics of marital relationship patterns. However, society must also understand that the social role of a partner is not absolute. His position can be exchanged as needed for the continuation of the marriage.

Pembagian Peran Suami dan Istri dalam Membangun Rumah Tangga Sakinah Menurut Syekh Nawawi Al-Bantani

Husband and wife in the household have their respective duties and roles in creating the goals of marriage, namely sakinah mawaddah and rahmah. However, lately many households have found it difficult to create and realize the goals of the marriage. This happened allegedly due to a lack of knowledge on the part of the wife and husband regarding their roles and duties in the household. One of the Indonesian ulama who has an interesting multidisciplinary scientific capacity to study is Syekh Nawawi Al-Bantani. Where he also concentrated on discussing munakahat fiqh to the point where he wrote the books Uqudul-lujjain and Nihayatu-z-Zain. In this study used a qualitative method with a library research approach. Researchers use descriptive methods to parse, interpret and analyze data. From the results of this study it was found that according to Sheikh Nawawi the rights and obligations of husband and wife are very important to understand in order to know the roles and duties of each in building a happy family of sakinah mawaddah wa rahmah as the goal and vision of marriage. In this division refers to the rights and obligations of husband and wife. On this basis, the husband's role is as a leader or head of the household, breadwinner, educator and teacher for his wife. Meanwhile, the wife's role is as a husband's companion who must obey except in disobedience, household managers, and husband's partners in achieving life goals.

LINGUISTIC OBJECTIFICATION OF STEREOTYPICAL PERCEPTION OF INTERPERSONAL ROLES OF MEN AND WOMEN (PSYCHOLOGICAL BASIS) IN THE TEXT OF THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ANECDOTE

Linguistic objectification of stereotypical perception of interpersonal roles of men and women (psychological basis) in the text of the English-language anecdote. The article is devoted to the issue of studying the linguistic objectification of stereotypical perception about the interpersonal roles of men and women (psychological basis) in the text of the English-language anecdote. The results of the analysis suggest that the anecdotes, carnivalizing family relationships in English-speaking culture, are generally based on the presuppositions of traditional patriarchal stereotypes. The interpersonal roles of husband and wife have an economic and psychological grounds. The economic ground is determined by the sexual distribution of human activities, taking into account the physiological ability of women to bear children and thus reproducing the workforce. This distribution of roles gives a man economic power over a woman, assigning the social and psychological role of the head of the family to him, whose duties include financial support of the family, and imposes the role of a wife/ housewife/mother on a woman, who has to take care of household issues. The psychological ground of interpersonal roles of husband and wife is directly related to the economic one. The real interpersonal roles of a husband and wife in the patriarchal English-speaking culture are symbolized as the breadwinner-protector and keeper of the hearth respectively. Anecdotes objectifying the interpersonal roles of husband and wife predominantly demonstrate traditional patriarchal values of a family life, presenting the relationship of a man and woman in marriage as antagonistic. Both men and women view marriage from the negative side: a husband’s perception of a matrimony is defined by responsibility, which implies the role of the head of the family, and difficulties in establishing control over the wife due to such stereotypical qualities as dominance, stubbornness, quarrelsomeness, unpredictability, whereas a wife’s perception reflects the loss of love romanticism and her husband’s attention.

The Fate of Harbin Repatriate in the Mirror of Anthropology: Liudmila Abramova (1914-2002)

The research is devoted to repatriate Lyudmila Maksimilianovna Abramova (1914-2002) who was born in Harbin, lived in China for 40 years and moved to the USSR during the mass repatriation of the Russian population of Manchuria in the 1950s. Through the fate of Liudmila Abramova the authors attempt to reflect the peculiarities of the life of the emigrants in Northern Manchuria in the interwar period. They include the involvement of young people in fascist organizations, work in the Manchukuo authorities, survival strategies, repatriation motives, adaptation practices of repatriates, gender aspects - such as the role of a politician's wife, the participation of women in public organizations. The appeal to the personalized history is due to the fact that in the history of Russian emigration in Manchuria there are many mythologemes that distort the idea of the life and activities of emigrants. In addition, the authors had to face the problem of reconstructing the biography of a “little” person in the absence of ego documents (memoirs, letters, diaries); therefore, the research task was the use of the anthropological approach, microand macroanalysis, historical-biographical and historical-comparative methods. The article is based on unpublished archival documents involving memoirs and diaries of former Harbin residents and oral history materials.