Role Of Wife Research Articles

London Times: The Boardinghouse Pictures of Emily Carr

London TimesThe Boardinghouse Pictures of Emily Carr Kristine Somerville Click for larger view View full resolution Emily Carr at St. Ives, December 1901, John Douglas photograph, courtesy of the Royal BC Museum and Archives [End Page 17] The painter Emily Carr's training at the California School of Design in San Francisco was interrupted during the 1892–93 depression when she was called home to help support her family. Back in Victoria, British Columbia, with four overly protective older sisters, Carr was stifled. She wanted to study art in Paris but lacked confidence in her talent. Worrying that her work was tame and fussy, she longed to encounter the "new art" of Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, and Paul Cézanne, but the idea of going to Paris intimidated her. She was not ready to compete in Europe's artistic epicenter. Her family shared her doubts and concerns; Paris was out of the question. With contacts from home who were either living or traveling in England, London was a safer, more sensible choice. In August 1899, twenty-eight-year-old Emily Carr boarded the SS Cambroman in Montreal, paying for her $50 ticket with money she had saved teaching art to children in a converted cow barn behind the family house. During the ten-day ocean voyage, she was seasick and had to rely on the ship's doctor and strangers for care and company. After an arduous train journey from Liverpool to London, she arrived at the Westminster School of Art, only to find it closed for summer break. Filling her days with sightseeing on the city's omnibuses, she eventually discovered the cool air of the sanctuary of St. Paul's Cathedral, the wide lawns and zoo in Kew Gardens, and swirling flocks of pigeons at Guildhall. Family friends took her canoeing on the Thames, to performances at the city's many theaters, and through the halls of the National Gallery. Her insecurity as a foreigner sometimes got the best of her—"the writhe of humanity" made her feel anonymous—yet seeing so much art allowed her to begin to develop her aesthetic judgement. Emily's feelings of inferiority did not diminish when she started classes. She considered her work uneven and unimaginative, and no one at the school tried to dissuade her. Her fellow classmates seemed stand-offish. She emphasized rather than diminished her differences, playing a colonial Canadian character shaped by a wild, untamed landscape on the edge of the empire. Once she dropped the persona, though, she settled in with her peers and spent hours outside the classroom arguing about art, creativity, and ambition. Role models did not exist to help Emily deal with her growing conflict over being a woman artist. Since childhood in buttoned-up British Columbia, she had resented that being female meant obeying countless rules while boys had all the fun. Still, she expected to someday fall [End Page 18] Click for larger view View full resolution Admiration of a Head-Piece, Emily Carr, 1901, watercolor and ink, courtesy of the Royal BC Museum and Archives [End Page 19] in love, marry, and have a family. When two opportunities presented themselves, she turned down both suitors, rejecting the expected Victorian role of wife and mother, which most of her friends in Victoria had accepted as their vocation. Click for larger view View full resolution Returning Late Sunday Night, Emily Carr, 1901, watercolor and ink, courtesy of the Royal BC Museum and Archives In London, Emily struggled with big-city living, bouncing from one unsatisfactory boardinghouse to another until she finally settled into Mrs. Dodd's establishment. Fifty-two young women lived at Mrs. [End Page 20] Click for larger view View full resolution Packing for Home, Emily Carr, 1901, watercolor and ink, courtesy of the Royal BC Museum and Archives Dodd's, sleeping five to a room, dormitory-style. Each had a six-foot bunk behind a flimsy red curtain, and, if she could afford to pay extra, a cupboard to accommodate her few necessities. Common areas held a washstand, ironing board, and mirror. Despite occasional feuds over chores, open or closed windows, noise, and the lack of privacy, Emily...

Kontribusi Pekerja Perempuan Sektor Rumput Laut di Kecamatan Bluto Kabupaten Sumenep

Seaweed is one of the marine resources as capital for livelihood development in addition to the fishermen catch fish. Seaweed cultivation can support the survival of fishermen especially in Bluto Sumenep. Seaweed also can produce a wide variety of products that can provide benefits to the villagers. Seaweed farming activities is not only performed only by men, but women (or wives) can do as well. The purpose of this study is try to describe the characteristics of fishing seaweed; describe the division of labor between husband and wife fishing seaweed; analyze differences in access to and control over production resources between husband and wife; and the contribution of women to the household incomes of seaweed fishermen. The methods used quantitative method that is supported by qualitative method. The role and contribution of the wife can be seen from the amount of time devoted to each activity carried out both on productive activity, reproductive, and social activities. Wifes involvement in productive activities also contribute income to their household income. Wife revenues can contribute the household expenses when their husbands are still missing. Husband tends to play a role in productive activity, whereas the wife role in reproductive and social activities.

영유아기 자녀를 둔 어머니의 자발적 소모임 참여 경험의 의미 탐색

This study aims to find out the significance in the experiences of voluntary participation in small groups by mothers of young children. As a result of the interviews conducted by targeting five mothers, the total was divided into three categories and six sub-factors. First, mothers voluntarily participated in small groups. Free from the role of mother and wife, they focused on their real selves, and had experiences of emotional support by forming close relationships with people. Second, mothers did not just participate in small groups as a hobby, but tried to be role models that help the growth of their children. They also tried to be the catalyst that helps create positive changes in their children and husbands. Third, mothers had social experiences, participated in economic activities as members of society or exerted their capabilities through active exchange with other people. Finally, this research hopes to provide the community with parent education-related implications that can have a positive impact on mothers themselves, their families and society.

Sistem Pembagian Kerja, Akses dan Kontrol terhadap Sumber Daya Ekonomi dalam Keluarga Peternak Rakyat Sapi Potong di Kabupaten Grobogan

<p><em>The research was aimed to analyze the system of work difision, access and control and to know the factors to be considered in deciding work defision, access and control toward the source of economic on the family of beef cattle farmer, based on the income from the effort of beef cattle farmer and the role to support productive economic of family, and to know gender happen in family of beef cattle farmer. The data collection was done in Grobogan Regency. The basis method of the research used was descriptive qualitative method, and the samples were taken with purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using interactive analysis (Interactive Model of analysis). The result of the result showed that husbands in the family of beef cattle farmer had more role on the work related with public (outdoor), and wives were only work on domestic sector as house wife (62%), thus they did not get income (42%). In the system of work difision to activity related with production, about 95% were done by husband, and the production activity by wife (91%). While for animal production, the activity was done together between husband and. For access and control toward source of economic family, husband more dominated than wife, and the role of wife to take decided was less than husband. </em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Key words</em></strong><em> : system of work division, access, source of economic, family of beef cattle farmer</em><strong></strong></p>

Sistem Pembagian Kerja, Akses dan Kontrol terhadap Sumber Daya Ekonomi dalam Keluarga Peternak Rakyat Sapi Potong di Kabupaten Grobogan

<p><em>The research was aimed to analyze the system of work difision, access and control and to know the factors to be considered in deciding work defision, access and control toward the source of economic on the family of beef cattle farmer, based on the income from the effort of beef cattle farmer and the role to support productive economic of family, and to know gender happen in family of beef cattle farmer. The data collection was done in Grobogan Regency. The basis method of the research used was descriptive qualitative method, and the samples were taken with purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using interactive analysis (Interactive Model of analysis). The result of the result showed that husbands in the family of beef cattle farmer had more role on the work related with public (outdoor), and wives were only work on domestic sector as house wife (62%), thus they did not get income (42%). In the system of work difision to activity related with production, about 95% were done by husband, and the production activity by wife (91%). While for animal production, the activity was done together between husband and. For access and control toward source of economic family, husband more dominated than wife, and the role of wife to take decided was less than husband. </em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Key words</em></strong><em> : system of work division, access, source of economic, family of beef cattle farmer</em><strong></strong></p>

소도시의 소형교회 사모들의 사역과 역할에 대한 질적 연구

본 연구는 기존 연구들이 소도시의 소형교회 사모들의 사역이나 역할에 거의 관심을 기울이지 않은 데서 비롯되었다. 그래서 소도시의 사모들이 어떤 역할을 하고 있는지 그리고 왜 그런 사역과 역할을 하고 있는지에 대한 그들의 직접적인 경험을 문화적 측면에서 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 현재 교회에서 사역에 직접 참여하고 있는 소도시의 소형교회 사모들 8명을 대상으로 심층 인터뷰를 실시하였고, 자료를 분석하는 과정에서 문화적 해석을 시도했다. 연구결과 소도시의 소형교회 사모들은 교회 안에서 다양한 사역을 하고 있음에도 불구하고 그들은 그들의 위치와 역할을 명확하게 규정하지 못했다. 참여자들은 스스로를 리더라고 생각하지 않았고, 교회의 어머니라는 이미지를 내재하고 있었다. 그들이 부분적으로 언급했던 사모의 역할은 하나의 큰 맥락으로 범주화시킬 수 있었는데, 그것은 유교적 가부장제 속의 여성의 성역할이었다. 사모의 역할은 결국 한국적 형태의 가부장제 속의 여성들의 역할이 변형된 형태였다. 인터뷰 분석결과 연구 참여자들은 독립된 객체가 아니라 남편의 직위에 편승되어 있는 의존된 존재로 자신들을 묘사하고 있다는 것을 발견했다. 여성인 사모는 남성인 그들의 남편을 도와주는 보조자로서의 역할을 하고 있었고, 사모들의 삶은 남편의 목회와 긴밀하게 연결되어 있었다. 사모는 목회에 직·간접적으로 영향을 미치고 있고 목사인 남편과 동역을 하고 있다고 생각했기 때문에 스스로 평신도라고 생각하지 않았다. 하지만 그들은 리더십을 가지고 일을 하거나 어떤 결정을 할 수 없기 때문에 리더라고도 생각하지 않았다. 사모역할에는 한국 문화적 요소들도 들어있었는데, 말없이 가족을 위해 뒤에서 희생하고 뒷바라지 하는 한국의 전통적인 어머니 역할에 대한 것들이 그런 것 중에 하나였다. 연구참여자들이 언급한 교회의 어머니 역할은 유교적 가부장제속의 어머니 이미지를 변형한 것으로서 지극히 한국적인 것이었다. 이러한 연구결과는 한국 교회의 사모역할을 이해하는 데 근본적인 토대를 제공해 주며, 한국 교회 사모들에 대한 연구의 신학적 준거를 제공할 수 있다고 하겠다.

Korea and the Gender Construction of Female Marriage Immigrants

The purpose of this article is to explore the way gender has been constructed in relation to the recent number of international marriage immigrants in South Korea. In particular, it looks at how the construction of gender at work in this context has been used to create a place and status for these women in Korean society which largely understands itself to be homogeneous. The author argues that nationalistic and patriarchal discourses have served to construct the foreign women’s gender through the roles of wife, mother, and daughter-in-law in particular ways that serve the interests of Korea as a nation.

Sexuality of Pregnant Women

Objective: Pregnancy is a very special time in women’s life, because it is a period that involves a lot of biological, psychological and relationship changes with their partners. It is in this context of changes that sexuality can be profoundly affected. This research investigates these changes in women sexuality during pregnancy. Design and Method: This is a qualitative and descriptive research that used the study of clinical cases. For this research, there was a group of married women that joined the program. The women were between 25 and 40 years old and got pregnant in the years 2014 and 2015. Results: The results indicate that the main changes in sexuality were: decreased sex drive, insecurities with physical appearance and attractiveness, partner’s jealousy, lack of affection, absence or reduction in the frequency of intercourse, pain during sexual intercourse, fear of not being desired by the spouse, difficulties in reconciling the roles of mother and wife, afraid that the penetration hurts the baby, anxiety about childbirth and concerns with the ideal of being a good mother. Conclusions: Pregnant women experience significant changes in sexuality during pregnancy. These changes can be mitigated with psychological care support, where women may reflect on their fears and anxieties, and to strengthen their selfconfidence and self-esteem. The participation of the partner in this period is crucial, including psychological counseling for the couple. Although it is a time of strong emotions, pregnancy may foster sexual experience and increase the complicity of the partners.

A stage of one’s own: gendered spaces in Palestinian performance

This article discusses one attempt by Palestinian women theatre-makers to unsettle the high value Palestinian society places on the patriarchal roles of wife and mother. It results from doctoral fieldwork carried out from April to July 2014. During this time, I attended a performance of Al-Harah Theatre’s Shakespeare’s Sisters in Bethlehem, and conducted interviews with artistic director Raeda Ghazaleh. Shakespeare’s Sisters began as a research project on Palestinian attitudes towards single, divorced and widowed women aged over thirty followed by a series of workshops with women from Beit Jala in the West Bank. The research and workshops provided the inspiration for the script, which was written in conversation with the actors. The play opened in Jordan in December 2013, and toured across the West Bank from January to May 2014. In total, twenty-one performances took place. In this article, I argue that Shakespeare’s Sisters functions at two discursive levels. First, it presents the Palestinian homeplace as a radical counter-space capable of dis-ordering the centre-periphery dialectic structured by Palestinian patriarchy and Israeli colonialism. Second, it practices a form of border thinking that allows it to draw upon Palestinian and European epistemic practices to articulate its call for women's liberation.

Meliorating Much? Malthus, the Aikin Family, and Post-Revolutionary Disssenting (and Gender) Politics

ABSTRACT There is evidence to suggest that, in the years following the publication of Thomas Robert Malthus’ Essay on the Principle of Population (1798), John Aikin, his sister Anna Letitia Barbauld, née Aikin, and his daughter Lucy found significant inspiration in it. While as liberal Dissenters they retained a lifelong commitment to the principle of “free inquiry” and the cause of reform, disillusionment with the course of the revolution made the Aikins receptive to Malthus’ particular challenge to the doctrine of “perfectibility.” Indeed, Malthus crucially shaped their post-revolutionary politics, and, in the case of Barbauld and her niece, specifically their gender politics, although they notably found in Malthus not only explanations for the failures to improve the condition of women historically but also some validation for women beyond the role of wife and mother.

RELASI GENDER PADA RUMAH TANGGA PETANI PADI SAWAH DI KECAMATAN MILA KABUPATEN PIDIE

This study aims to look at the role of husband and wife in terms of division of labor and time spent on productive activities, reproductive and social community on domestic rice farmers in the district of Mila and also to be able to know how access to factors of production, control the husband and wife on productive activity, reproductive and social community on domestic rice farmers in the district of Pidie district Mila. Gender relations can be determined by looking at the ratio of response of husband and wife, as well as the amount of time spent in each activity. The study was conducted in the village of Pulo Tanjong Mila districts by considering that the greater part of people both men and women farmers. The discussion outlined using a quantitative approach to perform tabulations on the results of respondents' answers will then be described to explain the data obtained in the field. The results showed the division of labor and spent of the time on more productive activities performed by the husband (113 hours) and wife (105 hours), the wife of reproductive activities dominate (10.28 hours) while the husband (2.82 hours), social activities community with almost the same number of division of labor and complementarity, husband (8.35 hours) and wife (7.46 hours). Husband had access to factors of production greater than the wife. In terms of controls on the husband's decision also have more control grows in farming, while the reproductive and social activities wife would dominate decision making.

The quality of interaction between mother and child as a factor of formation of health

The article is devoted research of factors and conditions quality of early interaction between mother and child. In our work it is important that consideration of motherhood from the point of view of social and role-playing component of social identity in connection with the style of readiness to motherhood. These data suggest that in women with adequate style readiness to motherhood to the fore the social role of wife and mother, as well as the role of a professional. Women style with alarming readiness to motherhood hierarchy of social roles are determined by the primary role of the mother. Ignoring the style, readiness to motherhood a woman defines herself as a professional, employee, indicating the rejection of the role of mother with this style. Found communication style, readiness to motherhood in women during pregnancy, quality of early interaction with the child and the health of children in the first 6 months of life. As a result, longitudinal studies of the dynamics of the interaction between mother and infant conclusions, allowing to prevent violations of the contact in the dyad "mother-child" on the stage of pregnancy and after the birth of a child within 6 months. Style the willingness to motherhood influence the formation of social role component of the identity of a woman. During pregnancy formed a stable hierarchy of social roles. It allows you to design individually oriented psychological intervention, but also confronts us with the task to prepare the woman during pregnancy to the adoption of social roles as mothers.

Social and Economic Life in Second Temple Judea By Samuel L.Adams. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2014. Pp. xiii + 231; plates, map. Paper, $35.00.

This readily accessible and highly informative monograph will prove to be an invaluable resource for both students and scholars of the Second Temple period. The book is helpfully arranged by theme, addressing frequently under-discussed socioeconomic issues during this period in Judea. Adams begins with the familial unit, discussing social and financial aspects of the household including size, structure, marriage and divorce. His second chapter is a particularly important examination of the socio-economic status of women and children. Despite the paucity of explicit attention to these more marginalized figures in many sources, Adams employs incidental references to reconstruct their plausible lived experience, and his work is to be particularly commended for his attention to this. Topics such as inheritance, the roles of wives, daughters, and sons in the household and the status of widows are addressed. In the remaining three chapters Adams broadens his scope, examining occupations, borrowing and lending practices, taxation under a succession of foreign and domestic powers, and finally the varied ethical discourses of wealth and poverty in Wisdom and apocalyptic literature. He draws heavily on canonical material for his evidence, yet when applicable these are supplemented with a variety of other ancient literary and documentary sources. This examination of socioeconomics as both lived experience and a component of ethical instruction is further enhanced by Adam's thoughtful engagement with contemporary theories such as gender studies and postcolonialism. The work is highly recommended.

Contractual Stipulations in Muslim Marriage Contract with reference to Classic Islamic Law and the Case Study of USA

This work explains the status of contractual stipulations in a marriage contract. According to majority of Jurists (Jamhur) stipulations in marriage contract are valid or invalid. Valid conditions are those which are permissible, in conformity with the requisite of the contract and strengthen its purpose whereas invalid conditions are those which are repugnant to the teachings of Shariah. Another category of stipulations is that benefits the women and is neither prohibited nor expressly permissible in Shariah. On the contrary, Hanbali school of thought allows insertion of any extrinsic condition in marriage contract. In this context, this paper attempts to locate the role and status of stipulations in marriage contract especially considering those stipulations which are beneficial to women. This work discusses classical Islamic law as expounded by the Muslim jurists; explains which stipulations are inserted in marriage contract; describes insertion of stipulations and explores the role of husband and wife within the bond of marriage contract. It concludes that under classical Islamic law conditions are either valid or invalid. However, conditions that benefit women or go against the purpose of marriage contract or empower women (only) are also prohibited by keeping in view and analyzing the teaching of Shariah as expounded by Muslim Jurists. Further, it states that in United states of America (USA) activists strive hard for empowering women by way of drafting new marriage contract or inserting new stipulations (i.e of their own choice) favoring women, which is, in fact, concealed weapon for weakening matrimonial bond and family values and against the true meaning, spirit and interpretation of Islamic law rather empowerment of women.

The role of Japanese wives in moderating the association between striving for self-verification and marital relationships

People seek self-verification from others. Previous studies suggest that striving for self-verification (e.g., the disclosure of accurate self-information and the preservation of a sense of coherence about oneself in social relationships) functionalizes couple relationships in Western cultures. However, there has been little research on couples in Asian cultures. The aim of this study is to address this gap by examining 46 heterosexual Japanese couples. Attitudes and behaviors regarding striving for self-verification, stress communication, and trust in marital relationships were assessed using a questionnaire. In contrast to previous Western studies, Japanese couples striving for self-verification had a stronger association between the attitudes of wives regarding striving for self-verification and their own trust and stress communication than that of their husbands. The role of Asian wives is also discussed.

The First Wife: A Tale of Polygamy by David Brookshaw

hopes, each character acts selfishly in an attempt to realize their dreams. In this way, Chang does not create the typical setup of heroes and villains. As the novel dives deeper into the inner thoughts of the characters , the reader will find that although their actions may be reprehensible, their motivations are relatable. A striking aspect of the novel is the strength and resilience of the characters. This is especially true of the women. Faced with a crushing patriarchy, Manzhen, her sister, and her mother all make sacrifices in order to endure. This lasting spirit despite tragedy not only makes this novel particularly powerful but also ensures Eileen Chang a place in Chinese literary history for years to come. Amy Lantrip University of Colorado Boulder Paulina Chiziane. The First Wife: A Tale of Polygamy. Trans. David Brookshaw. New York. Archipelago Books. 2016. 494 pages. In The First Wife, Paulina Chiziane, the first Mozambican woman to publish a novel, writes from the perspective of Rami, who is Tony’s only wife—but not his only lover. The novel begins with Rami’s quest to win back her husband through fighting his other women—now mothers of his children as well—and “improving” herself through classes on sorcery, cooking, and sex. When Tony continues to spurn Rami, she decides to take a different tack, especially since her encounter with the other women makes her realize that she likes them and even pities their situation, having no marriage to legitimize their relationships and children. Instead of trying to force her life into the pigeonhole of monogamy introduced to her culture through colonization, Rami decides to return to the cultural practice of polygamy as a way to legitimate all the women in Tony’s life—and to shame him. By inviting elders into the conversation , Rami learns of the role of the first wife—setting up the rota (wife rotation) and cultivating the community among the wives—and takes to heart her newfound status of leader. Rami learns quickly there is agency to be found in polygamy, for now she is part of a community of women that supports each other. With each other’s help, the women develop small businesses and find an economic independence they would never had had access to if they had not embraced polygamy. Soon thereafter, the women come to realize that Tony is more of a liability than a blessing. They wish to have their weeks with Tony shortened, as taking care of his needs—and his inability to take care of their sexual needs—leaves them wishing for more time without him in the house. Within the wives’ group, there is often discussion of the differences between the cultural practices of those from the north and south of the country; however, any arguments are quickly resolved, as the women know that their community is stronger when they are united in purpose. The proof of their resolve comes in the plot’s climax: when the women feel they have lost control over Tony, Rami sets up an orgy to show Tony that his machismo does not translate into satisfying all his wives in one night. The First Wife is a meditation on polygamy and the ways women gain and lose agency in both monogamous and polygamous households. The repetitive nature of the narrative mirrors the relentlessness of Rami’s situation—her desire for agency and her acceptance that only her mother’s generation’s marriage practices create any space for women to find power in the household—to such an extreme that the novel ends with a surprise borne of traditional ways. This novel prizes community over solitude among women. The First Wife’s didactic nature acknowledges that the reader may not know the nuances of bride price, polygamy, and other specific cultural practices and explains them without being too disruptive to the reader’s experience, and the reader leaves with a deeper understanding of one woman’s experiences after living in two different marriage models. Colleen Lutz Clemens Kutztown University Virginie Despentes. Bye Bye Blondie. Trans. Siân Reynolds. New York. The Feminist Press. 2016. 248 pages. An aging punk named Gloria comes face to face with...

Mother to Other: Feminine Becoming in Fiona McGregor’s <em>Indelible Ink</em>

In tradition of Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary (1857), Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House (1879), and Kate Chopin's Awakening (1899), feminine desire for self-transformation, or becoming, features as recurrent theme across several twenty-first-century novels by Generation X Australian women writers. Joanna Murray-Smith's Sunnyside (2005), Georgia Blain's Too Close to Home (2011), Peggy Frew's House of Sticks (2011), and Anita Heiss's Tiddas (2014) all share character of desperate for some kind of metamorphosis-or, as one of characters in Sunnyside quips, a radical shift in her life map (Murray-Smith 305). Although flight from suburbia dominates as mode of in Australian fiction (McCann 56), these novels explore alternative conduits to feminine reinvention.Among this set, Fiona McGregor's Indelible Ink (2010) offers most complex portrayal of how female protagonist might undergo transformation without recourse to physical relocation away from suburban realm. novel opens about year after King's divorce. We meet lonely fifty-nine-year-old woman, seeking solace in bottle and struggling to maintain an extravagant Mosman lifestyle with no income. After drunken lunch with an old friend, throws up in high-end furniture store, breaking lamp, and she subsequently purchases $10,000 lounge suite on credit to assuage her embarrassment. Humiliated and restless, she stumbles alone into gritty King's Cross hoping for distraction, but she is disappointed: Marie had thought that walk through Cross would testing odyssey, but street was surprisingly bright and short (17). Marie's desire to undertake transformative journey is highlighted by use of word odyssey. But although seeks change, she does not know how to precipitate her becoming-defined by Luce Irigaray as the fullness of all that one could be (Sexes 73). Indeed, as I will argue, Marie's becoming emulates Irigaray's in its evolution from unitary and imposed identity as mother (and former wife) to nonunitary constitution of many others, achieved via an autonomous process of layering and embellishment rather than reductionism or distillation. McGregor's narrative evidences preference for Irigaray's re-essentialism as conduit to feminist becoming via embodiment over Gilles Deleuze's de-essentialism-a theoretical distinction observed by Rosi Braidotti (52). And yet text, relentlessly contradictory in its resistance to simplistic linear trajectories reaching for transformation, accommodates both modes of becoming at different points in narration.While in The Cross, spots tattoo parlor, and in defiant acknowledgment of gulf between her affluent status and this other world, she enters, asking herself, why shouldn't she allowed into places like this? (McGregor, Indelible 19). Emerging with tattoo of cliched red rose on her shoulder, rejoices, interpreting this radical act of border crossing-and for woman from her milieu it is radical-as first step toward becoming after decades of servitude, confinement, and obedience within prescribed roles of mother and wife. Marie's determination to transcend these restrictive labels of femininity, both of which connote self-sacrifice and suppression of desire, echoes Irigaray's call for women to break free from the social roles imposed on [them] as commodities of patriarchal exchange-namely, mother, virgin, prostitute (Irigaray, Women 186)-all of which deny women any right to her own pleasure (187). language that McGregor employs to describe transformative power of Marie's initial tattoo is that of colonization, reclamation, and autonomy: Yet, now, finally, here was mark she had chosen. She had planted her own flag in her own country (McGregor, Indelible 21). Moreover, this catalytic shift toward Marie's metamorphosis from mother (and former wife) to other is enacted on and via body-a narrative choice that iterates McGregor's work as performance artist concerned with body, while invoking materiality of female body as site on and through which feminist might performed. …

Spousal role and family vacation decision making in India

Family purchase decision making has been an interesting topic of study for marketing researchers, after the ground-breaking work of Davis. Still, there is a lack of serious research in this area in developing countries. This research paper is an empirical study on the role of husband and wives in the purchase decision making process for family vacation of 125 couples in Delhi, India (Metro, Tier I city) and Aligarh, India (Tier II city). The role is examined on the basis of three major purchasing stages and the eight sub-decision stages encountered by the couple when deciding to go on a family vacation. After the analysis, it was found that the role structure for the vacation decision making in India is mainly joint, although, there is a difference between the role structure in Tier I and Tier II cities. In Tier II city like, Aligarh apart from joint decision, husband dominant decision making is also present. This shows that the patriarchal mindset still prevail in smaller cities as compared to a metro.

Институт семьи в России: на пути трансформации

The article is focused on the analysis of institute of family in modem Russia. During the socio­demographic modernization family stays a terminal value for Russians, but goes through transformation with erosion of traditional norms and relationship patterns in this sphere. Based on the analysis of empirical data the paper shows the changes in the attitude of Russians to marriage, parenthood, gender roles. The author demonstrates that family and children are included in so-called “vital program” that Russians are trying to implement. Herewith the pragmatization of attitude towards family is observed, and family development often seems to be functional. On the one hand, this leads to a weakening of the role of emotional factors in this area, on the other hand, it stimulates the appearance of new formats and types of relationships. This involves either changes in the forms of marriage, number of children in the family, age of Russians facing certain stages of family life-circle, or dynamics of gender roles, variations of which are becoming increasingly diverse. The author notes that children in the family remain the social norm, and the requirements that are applied to men and women performing the roles of husband and wife, despite of their pluralization, do not go through drastic changes and stay traditional (man-breadwinner and wife-housekeeper). That is why she concludes that fundamentals of the value system of Russians regulating family relations remain unchanged. The most likely localization of its erosion in the future seems to be among young people and inhabitants of mega-cities.

China’s Feminist Five

Unlike the state-sanctioned All-China Women’s Federation, which urges women to be loyal to the government, China’s younger generation of feminist activists is outside the control of the Communist Party. Under President Xi Jinping, the Chinese government has intensified efforts to wipe out many kinds of dissent—including carrying out an unprecedented crackdown on hundreds of human rights lawyers. But the feminist movement’s message of resistance to the traditional, feminine roles of wife and mother poses a unique threat to the Communist Party’s vision of a patriarchal family at the core of a strong, paternalistic state.