Role Of Government Research Articles

Moderating Role of Corporate Governance on the Effect of Innovation Investment to the Financial Performance among Publicly-listed Software Outsourcing Companies in China

This study examines the relationship between innovation investment, corporate governance, and financial performance among publicly listed software outsourcing companies in China. Utilizing a mixed methods approach, the research integrates quantitative analysis of financial and governance data with qualitative insights from structured interviews with Chief Financial Officers (CFOs). The study explores how various corporate governance factors, such as board size, independence, meeting frequency, CEO duality, and compensation, influence the effectiveness of innovation investments in enhancing company performance. Findings indicate that while there is a positive correlation between innovation investment and financial performance, the relationship is not statistically significant. Moreover, corporate governance factors, except for board size, do not significantly moderate this relationship. The results suggest that aligning innovation strategies with strong corporate governance practices is essential but not sufficient to ensure enhanced financial outcomes. The study's findings have practical implications for industry practitioners, policymakers, and investors, emphasizing the need for optimized governance structures to support sustainable growth in the software outsourcing sector. However, limitations regarding data reliance, sample size, and sectoral focus are acknowledged, with recommendations for future research to address these constraints and explore additional variables influencing the innovation-performance link.

Achieving collaborative pollutant and carbon emissions reduction through digital governance: Evidence from Chinese enterprises

Under China's dual carbon goals, it is imperative for enterprises to effectively reduce carbon emissions while achieving pollutant reduction. This article explores the potential role of government-implemented digital governance in facilitating these objectives. Utilizing a quasi-natural experiment on digital governance, we established an analytical framework to thoroughly examine how digital governance can help Chinese enterprises realize synergistic effects in pollution control and carbon reduction. Our study reveals that digital governance significantly reduces enterprises' emissions of carbon dioxide and pollutants, with emission intensities of the carbon dioxide, air pollutant and water pollutant being decreased by approximately 6.9%, 7.3%, and 7.0%, respectively. These reductions are primarily driven by improvements in energy efficiency, the promotion of green innovation, digital transformation, and enhanced role of media. However, it is important to note that digital governance also negatively impacts overall corporate productivity and widens the digital divide between large and small-to-medium enterprises. The research results have practical significance for promoting the achievement of emission reduction goals and sustainable development for enterprises.

Political spillover effects of environmental policy: Evidence from China

This paper explores the causal relationship between automatic environmental monitoring and political trust. We utilize staggered monitoring automation as exogenous shocks to assess the impact on residents' political trust. Our findings reveal a significant and positive effect of monitoring automation on political trust, a factor rarely considered by most existing studies. The mechanism investigation shows that monitoring automation has heightened residents' environmental concerns and increased their expectations regarding the government's role in pollution prevention. This paper offers a pioneering quantitative assessment of feedback from residents due to a specific environmental policy, suggesting that potential spillover effect should be considered.

Undersea cable security in the Indo‐Pacific: Enhancing the Quad’s collaborative approach

Undersea communication cables carry the bulk of global communications, intelligence, and financial transactions daily. They are increasingly threatened, and Australia, Japan, India, and the US have begun coordinating cable security activities in the Indo-Pacific as the Quad. This article investigates the Quad’s role in undersea cable communication security, and analyzes its motivations, strengths, and the challenges it faces thereby illuminating the Quad’s evolving position in international security and its role in global governance. In doing so, it evaluates the Quad’s significance in addressing emerging security threats in the Indo-Pacific, attempts to fill critical gaps in policy formulation, and contributes to theories of informality and global governance. It begins by outlining threats to undersea communication cables. Second, it details the Quad Partnership for Cable Connectivity and Resilience within the context of an informal intergovernmental organization literature. Third, it provides recommendations for policy formulation in undersea cable security and explores the Quad's potential for improving connectivity, resilience, and security. Finally, the article emphasizes the need to tailor policies to India’s unique position within the Quad and explores proactive measures like floating Quad-supported cable repair ships. These recommendations offer insights for policymakers to bolster global communication infrastructure, resilience, and provide public goods amidst multipolarity and great power rivalry.

Map to prosperity: Natural resource revenue sharing and infrastructure development in Indonesia

The well-being of society can be realized through meeting basic needs, one of which is providing public infrastructure. This study examines the role of Natural Resource Revenue Sharing Funds (DBH SDA) on government investment in infrastructure in 491 regencies/cities in Indonesia. The testing in this research uses panel data regression analysis. The results show that per capita DBH SDA in Indonesia during the study period of 2010–2012 has a significant and positive influence on government investment in infrastructure. The selection of this period is based on the consideration that a resources boom has occurred, where there is an increased global demand for natural resource commodities followed by an increase in commodity prices, thereby positively impacting revenue for countries or regions abundant in natural resources. Despite DBH SDA having a significant and positive influence, regional spending on infrastructure tends to be more influenced by central government transfers such as General Allocation Fund (DAU), Special Allocation Fund (DAK), and Local Own-source Revenue (PAD). It was found that government investment in infrastructure tends to be influenced by transfer funds, indicating that the role of the central government remains significant in determining the infrastructure expenditure of regencies/cities in Indonesia.

The Enactment of Sustainable Development Goals at a Local Scale Leads to Various Implications

The hallmark of global sustainable development efforts is the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) initiative, so the SDGs were proposed after this. Early initiatives highlighted the need for a more comprehensive and globally applicable set of goals, thus laying the groundwork for the SDGs. Among them are sustainability, ecological environment protection and so on. This article explores the local implementation and impact of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The main questions are how to effectively implement SDGs policies in different social cultures, and the role of local government and community organizations is carefully analyzed. These are also areas where SDGs can be effectively promoted at the local level through muti-stakeholder collaboration, inclusive policies and innovative approaches. And there are three field examples to prove its effectiveness. For example, sustainable transport and energy management in Barcelona, participatory planning in Kerala and community conservation in Kenya. The significance of the study highlights the key role of local action in achieving the global Sustainable Development Goals, and provides concrete cases for analysis.

Exploring the role of governance in determining public-private investment in energy: New empirical insights from ASEAN

The energy sector plays a pivotal role in driving economic growth and enhancing social welfare. However, the mobilization of sufficient investment including public and private remains crucial for advancing energy infrastructure development. Against this backdrop, this study aims to explore the role of governance in determining public-private investment in energy (PPE). The empirical analysis leverages a comprehensive dataset spanning 25 years from 1998 to 2022 and covering ASEAN nations. The study employs the CS-ARDL (cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag) model for regression analysis to assess governance dimensions' long-term and short-term effects on PPE. Additionally, the study conducts robustness analysis by using the FMOLS (fully modified ordinary least square) model and an alternative proxy of governance i.e. EFI (economic freedom index) to validate the findings. The analysis reveals that governance exerts a significant and positive effect on PPE. Specifically, the dimensions of governance such as corruption control (COC), government effectiveness, political stability (POS), regulatory quality, etc. demonstrate robust positive associations with PPE. This positive relationship indicates that stronger governance institutions foster transparency, efficiency, and stability in the energy sector, attracting private-sector investments. The findings of this study have significant policy implications for policymakers, investors, and stakeholders seeking to promote sustainable energy transitions and socio-economic development within the ASEAN region. Specifically, it is essential to strengthen governance institutions, enhance regulatory frameworks, and foster public-private partnerships for energy investment. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing novel insights into the governance-energy investment nexus within the ASEAN region.

The Influence of Service Quality, Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Reputation on Customer Satisfaction With the Government’s Role as Moderator (Study on the company PT PLN Indonesia)

This study aims to analyze how the influence of Service Quality, Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Reputation on Customer Satisfaction with the Government’s Role as moderating. The object of research used is the BlueChip Company Customer PT PLN Persero Indonesia. The sampling technique used was the Saturated Sampling technique. The data analysis used is the Structural Equation Model (SEM) method or Structural Equation Modeling with the WarpPLS approach. The results showed that: CSR (X1) has a significant positive effect on Customer Satisfaction (Y1). Company Reputation (X2) has no significant effect on Customer Satisfaction (Y1). Service Quality (X3) has a significant positive effect on Customer Satisfaction (Y1). The moderating effect of the government’s role on the relationship between CSR and customer satisfaction is not significant. The moderating effect of the Government’s role on the relationship between Company Reputation and Customer Satisfaction is not significant. The moderating effect of the Government’s role on the relationship between Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction is significant. The originality of this research is the modeling of the customer satisfaction variable by involving CSR, Company Reputation, and Service Quality as independent variables and the Government Role variable as a moderating variable in monopolistic companies in Indonesia.

Challenges in assessing the effects of environmental governance systems on conservation outcomes.

Effective governance is crucial for the success of conservation projects aimed at protecting wildlife populations and supporting human well-being. However, few large-scale, comprehensive syntheses have been conducted on the effects of different environmental governance types on conservation outcomes (i.e., biological and ecological effectiveness or effects of conservation on human well-being), and clarity on the quantity and quality of evidence remains dispersed and ambiguous. We attempted a systematic map of the evidence on the effectiveness of different governance types to meet desired conservation outcomes in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. However, early in this effort, we observed a general lack of empirical research on the links between governance and conservation outcomes. To fill observed data gaps in the evidence base, we tried triangulating governance data from alternative sources (Protected Planet database) and pooling evidence from research conducted within the same conservation areas. Limited data were contained in the Protected Planet database, and governance types in conservation areas and landscapes were complex, making it difficult to use these approaches to assign governance types to conservation areas. To illustrate our observations from the failed systematic map attempt, we prepared a rapid evidence map that outlines a subset of the evidence base of articles linking governance types and governance principles with conservation outcomes. Only 3.2% (34 of 1067) of the articles we screened directly related conservation outcomes to governance type, and even fewer related governance principles to conservation outcomes. Based on our findings, we recommend improving the evidence base by supporting empirical research and increasing the availability and quality of governance data in freely accessible databases. These recommendations are critical for enhancing understanding of the role of governance in conservation projects and improving conservation outcomes.

Environmental greenwashing in Japan: the roles of corporate governance and assurance

PurposeGreenwashing is defined as the overstatement of companies’ environmental disclosures relative to their performance. This paper aims to develop a greenwashing measure, examines its relationship with environmental performance and investigates the mitigating effects of Japanese firm-level corporate governance characteristics (corporate structure, board leadership, foreign share ownership, ratio of independent directors and ratio of directors’ variable compensation) and third-party assurance of environmental information on the extent of greenwashing.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyzes a sample of 420 firm-year observations from the period between 2018 and 2019 from Japanese listed companies that responded to the CDP Climate Change survey via probit/logit and multivariate panel data regression models.FindingsThis paper finds that the probability of engaging in greenwashing is negatively associated with environmental performance, which supports the reliability of the study’s greenwashing measure. Japanese firm-level corporate governance characteristics are ineffective at mitigating greenwashing. This paper also finds that assurance carries a significant risk of being exploited by companies involved in greenwashing to increase the degree of their overstatement.Practical implicationsThe findings have significant implications for investors, who should increase scrutiny and skepticism of environmental disclosures, particularly from companies with poor environmental track records. Japanese companies should consider strengthening their corporate governance to ensure the effective oversight of environmental disclosure and performance. Regulators and standard setters should implement stricter guidelines for and oversight of environmental information assurance.Originality/valueNo empirical study has examined the effectiveness of Japanese corporate governance characteristics and environmental disclosure assurance on the mitigation of greenwashing.

Health outcome convergence and the roles of public health financing and governance in Africa.

Progress in health outcomes across Africa has been uneven, marked by significant disparities among countries, which not only challenges the global health security but impede progress towards achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals 3 and 10 (SDG 3 and SDG 10) and Universal Health Coverage (UHC). This paper examines the progress of African countries in reducing intra-country health outcome disparities between 2000 and 2019. In other words, the paper investigates the convergence hypothesis in health outcome using a panel data from 40 African countries. Data were sourced from the World Development Indicators, the World Governance Indicators, and the World Health Organization database. Employing a non-linear dynamic factor model, the study focused on three health outcomes: infant mortality rate, under-5 mortality rate, and life expectancy at birth. The findings indicate that while the hypothesis of convergence is not supported for the selected countries, evidence of convergence clubs is observed for the three health outcome variables. The paper further examine the factors contributing to club formation by using the marginal effects of the ordered logit regression model. The findings indicate that the overall impact of the control variables aligns with existing research. Moreover, governance quality and domestic government health expenditure emerge as significant determinants influencing the probability of membership in specific clubs for the child mortality rate models. In the life expectancy model, governance quality significantly drives club formation. The results suggest that there is a need for common health policies for the different convergence clubs, while country-specific policies should be implemented for the divergent countries. For instance, policies and strategies promoting health prioritization in national budget allocation and reallocation should be encouraged within each final club. Efforts to promote good governance policies by emphasizing anti-corruption measures and government effectiveness should also be encouraged. Moreover, there is a need to implement regional monitoring mechanisms to ensure progress in meeting health commitments, while prioritizing urbanization plans in countries with poorer health outcomes to enhance sanitation access.

The double-edged sword of transparency: ESG disclosure's effect on competitive dynamics in manufacturing

This study explores the role and impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) information on investor decision-making, focusing on the lack of standardized ESG reporting among companies. Although ESG disclosures can enhance a company’s legitimacy and attract investor interest, the voluntary nature of reporting has led to inconsistent practices and limited information quality. The research aims to develop a standardized ESG reporting model that meets investor needs while assessing the effects of ESG performance on corporate outcomes. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines qualitative research to formulate an ESG reporting model and quantitative methods to evaluate its impact on company performance. Data were collected from 167 manufacturing companies in Indonesia, selected based on their consistent publication of sustainability reports over four consecutive years. The findings reveal that ESG shows consistent high significance across all three models (Sig = 0.000 for Model-1, Model-2, and Model-3 regression). This uniform high significance underscores the growing importance of ESG factors in various aspects of corporate performance and perception. It suggests that ESG considerations are integral not only to stock returns and firm valuation but also to a company's competitive positioning. The study concludes that while ESG reporting is essential for corporate transparency, it may not always align with positive financial outcomes. This suggests the need for more comprehensive ESG frameworks to balance investor expectations and corporate performance.

Understanding Tax Morale: A Critical Review of Its Impact on Compliance and Policy

This research aims to analyse tax morale’s effect on compliance, focusing on socioeconomic, cultural, and institutional influences, particularly in developing economies. We utilise a literature review to explore theoretical and empirical insights into tax morale and compliance, assessing the impact of trust, fairness, and governance. Key factors like government trust and fairness perceptions are identified as crucial to tax morale. We also highlight the role of corporate governance in shaping compliance strategies. This study enhances understandings of tax morale’s determinants and compliance implications, offering a theoretical framework for future research. As such, we recommend policy and educational measures to improve tax morale and compliance, emphasising the importance of trust and fairness. However, the review’s scope is limited to available literature, suggesting empirical research is needed to validate these findings further. Keywords: board of directors, determinants of tax morale, tax compliance, tax morale

Evaluating Sustainability in Social-ecological Systems: 50 Years of Conservation in Florianópolis, Brazil

Abstract This study examines 50 years of land use planning practices in Florianópolis, Brazil, to identify the attributes that resulted in the city’s notable and long-standing commitment to pro-conservation programmes and policies. By analysing key policies, planning strategies, and partnerships that underpin the preservation of forests and green spaces, this research contributes valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on the combined role of conservation governance and collective action in building sustainable and resilient cities. The social-ecological systems framework is applied to evaluate the interactions between multi-level laws, collective action groups, and mid-level government officials to determine the drivers that promoted incremental and accumulative change, ultimately leading to sustainable land conservation practices in Florianópolis. The findings highlight the importance of stakeholder goal alignment, managerial flexibility, and collaboration with diverse actors in achieving long-term conservation goals, particularly in cities adopting an amenity-led growth model. Growing challenges to the continued protection of conservation units in the city resulting from population growth are also raised to advance approaches to evaluating the durability of sustainability initiatives.

The Role of Corporate Governance in Banking Performance: Highlighted During the Covid Pandemic (Evidence in Indonesian Bank)

The study aims to analyze the impact of board size, number of non-executive Directors on Board, and Size of the Audit Committee on Return on Assets (ROA) and Tobin’s Q on banks listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange between 2019 and 2022. The research method used is descriptive statistical analysis and regression test on a sample of 11 banking companies in Indonesia. The data used included relevant variables such as board size, non-executive director composition, audit committee size, ROA, and Tobin’s Q. The results of the analysis show that board size has a significant influence on ROA. However, board size had no significant influence on Tobin’s Q. Furthermore, the number of non-executive directors on board also proved to have a significant influence on ROA. However, the number of non-executive directors on board did not have a significant influence on Tobin’s Q. In addition, the size of the udit Committee also proved to have a significant influence on ROA and Tobin’s Q. The larger size of the Audit Committee provides more effective supervision, better risk management, and transparency in financial reporting, which has a positive impact on the company’s financial performance and market assessment. These findings have important implications that other factors, such as business strategies, risk management policies, or broader external factors, may also influence the company’s performance. Keywords: board size, number of non-executive directors on board, size of audit committee, return on assets, Tobin’s Q, Bank, Indonesia stock exchange

Food production and food-related CO2 emissions in China: an examination of the role of economic governance; insights from innovative fourier approach

Food production and food-related CO2 emissions in China: an examination of the role of economic governance; insights from innovative fourier approach

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG): Roles and Strategies to Improve the Performance of the Indonesian Insurance Industry

The objective of this research is to understand the role of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) in improving the financial performance of insurance companies in Indonesia. A qualitative, library study method was employed, Research results show (1) the role of ESG as definers of competitive advantage, in improving performance, and guaranteeing the sustainability of the company in the future; and (2) the strategy of insurance companies in Indonesia with respect to ESG is to run business with sustainable financial principles and create environmental-based service products. The implications of this study are that the application of ESG principles to insurance companies in Indonesia is expected to drive government programs to implement sustainable development governance (SDGs) in sustainable finance. The novelty of this research is its emphasis on environmentally-based sustainable financial principles. Keywords: social and environmental governance, roles, strategies, performance, insurance

Overview and suggestion about Chinese health-related non-governmental organization's participation in global health governance

Non-governmental organization (NGO) is one of the important non-state actors in global health governance. The importance of NGO's participation in the global health governance tend to be more prominent due to its flexibility, professionalism, voluntariness and autonomy. The World Health Organization (WHO) established a Civil Society Commission (CSC) in 2023 aiming at strengthening dialogue, facilitating collaboration so as to play its bigger role in the global health governance. This paper is to make analysis to the importance of NGO in global health governance, WHOCSC's organizational structure and operational mechanism, current status and problem of Chinese health-related NGO's participation in the global health governance, and to provide policy suggestions for strengthening Chinese health-related NGOs' participation in global health governance, including incubating Chinese NGOs into national strategy for global health, strengthening resources mobilization and coordination, as well as advocating transparency and society involvement, emphasizing international humanitarian, public welfare and propaganda.

Legal Framework for Impact Financing in the Digital Economy: What the Future Looks Like for the BRICS+ Countries

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal regulation of the process of introducing FinTech in the sphere of impact finance within the context of digital technologies in the newly expanded BRICS bloc. This is a crucial step in order to be able to meet the challenges of the new global digital economy and cooperate in achieving common goals. The authors come to the conclusion that although the BRICS countries are geographically located on different continents, the states that decided to form this organization share a number of key features. Firstly, the governmental role in the digital transformation of all BRICS countries is significantly greater in comparison to the Western countries. Secondly, because not all BRICS countries have developed economies, the BRICS member states, despite their strong interest in digitalization of their countries, do not always have the capacity to finance such projects from their own national budgets, which highlights the important role of the BRICS New Development Bank in the process of digitalization of the BRICS economies. Thirdly, cooperation among the BRICS countries, through their participation in the New Development Bank in the digital realm, can significantly contribute to fostering the economic growth of each country within the integration. Since the greatest effect of digital technology penetration is achieved when starting from the lowest level, harmonization of approaches in the BRICS countries and new member countries of the bloc will most likely have a synergistic effect.

Performance of manufacturing and allied firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya: The role of corporate governance

The Kenyan government has implemented numerous reforms, including the inclusion of the manufacturing sector as one of the government's four major agendas for revitalizing the sector. Despite these reforms, statistics show that over the last ten years, manufacturing industries in Kenya listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange have experienced stagnation and declining profits, slowing growth, and declining market share, necessitating the establishment and execution of effective corporate governance. Therefore, the current study investigated the effects of corporate governance on performance of manufacturing and allied firms listed at Nairobi Security Exchange, Kenya. The study specifically investigated the effects of board composition, board size, board independence and board diversity on performance of manufacturing and allied firms. Agency theory, RBV and stakeholder’s theory anchor the study. Descriptive research design was used. Stratified random sampling technique was used as a sampling technique. A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from a population of four hundred and thirty-nine manufacturing and allied firms. Two hundred and nine corporate managers from these manufacturing companies were sampled. A pilot test of twenty-nine respondents was conducted. Collected data was coded, cleaned, and analyzed. Data analysis included the creation and interpretation of descriptive means, percentages, and standard deviations, which was presented in the form of tables, charts, and graphs. The results of regression analysis established that board composition, board size, board independence and board diversity significant influenced firm performance of manufacturing and Allied Firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya.