Role Of Government Research Articles

Cultural Tension and Large- and Small-Scale Internal Conflicts

This study analyzes how cultural tensions (i.e., ethnic and religious) affect various internal conflicts (e.g., civil war to civil disorder) across different regions. The study also examines the role of governance in mitigating the effects of cultural tensions on the emergence and escalation of conflict. The comprehensive study has 136 countries from 1990 to 2021, and panels are separated by region and OECD status. The study uses two-way fixed effects with Driscoll and Kraay standard errors to account for heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, and cross-sectional dependence. Although there are some regional variations and nuances, the results indicate cultural tensions are significant determinants of (1) the broad measure of internal conflict, (2) civil wars/coups d’état, and (3) political violence/terrorism. Therefore, one implication is that cultural tension continues to drive internal conflict. A second implication is that even in OECD countries, where institutions and governance structures are robust, cultural tensions can still significantly contribute to the emergence and risks of internal conflict. However, ethnic and religious tensions are less influential in smaller-scale conflicts, such as civil disorders, where government stability is a more important determinant. Furthermore, the study finds that government strength is vital in moderating all forms of internal conflict, indicating that even moderate cultural tensions can escalate into significant conflicts in the presence of weak governance. The study underscores the ongoing importance of addressing ethnic and religious tensions. Policy recommendations to reduce cultural tensions include (1) promoting cultural inclusiveness within societal/political dimensions, (2) promoting tolerance, (3) allowing some autonomy to cultural enclaves, and (4) actively monitoring cultural tensions and policy initiatives.

Bibliometric analysis of citizen science in global healthcare: Current trends, challenges, and future directions

With the development of information technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence, the application scenarios of citizen science worldwide are no longer limited to natural science research. A large number of application cases have emerged in the field of medical health, which suggests that the development of citizen science may bring new impetus to medical health. This study employs CiteSpace for a bibliometric analysis to evaluate the current status, objectives, and methodologies of citizen science in global healthcare. An analysis of 248 articles from the Web of Science Core Collection reveals that citizen science is predominantly implemented in high-income countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and the Netherlands, with significant applications in public health, chronic disease management, infectious disease surveillance, and digital health. The COVID-19 pandemic has further catalyzed the integration of citizen science into health surveillance and public health responses. Conversely, in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the development and implementation of citizen science remain nascent, primarily concentrated in traditional domains such as environmental science, ecology, and biodiversity conservation, with limited penetration into the healthcare sector. Several structural barriers, including inadequate technological infrastructure, insufficient policy support, limited public engagement, and constrained resource allocation, have impeded the broader adoption of citizen science in these regions. To mitigate these challenges, this study proposes targeted strategies, these interventions are anticipated to facilitate the expansion of citizen sciences role in global health governance, ultimately contributing to improved public health outcomes and social welfare.

Identifying and developing the roles of private business actors in international regime complexes

Abstract Business actors play increasingly important roles in global governance and international regulation. This paper considers how regime complexity influences the roles of businesses and impacts opportunities for business influence on international regulatory regimes. We conducted a scoping literature review of 243 articles from the International Regime Complexity (IRC) theory literature to explore if and how complexity affects the roles of businesses and their influence on international regulation. We found that complexity presents opportunities for businesses to regime shift and exploit knowledge asymmetry in order to influence international regulation. Further, IRC theory illustrates how the roles of businesses interact and leverage one another in order to create better opportunities for influence in specific international regulatory regimes. This paper contributes to IRC theory by building on the existing non-state actor discussions and offering specific theorization of business behavior, thus starting to bridge the gap between the empirical and theoretical understanding. Second, it contributes to existing discussions in business and politics literature by developing existing knowledge on the roles of businesses in global governance to better reflect the added dimension of complexity.

Human dignity and the pursuit of knowledge in Islamic thought: Insights from the Quran

This research examines the interplay between human dignity and the pursuit of knowledge within Islamic thought, using insights from the Quran. It explores how Islamic epistemology emphasizes the harmonious integration of divine revelation and human reason, underscoring the importance of knowledge as a key factor in both intellectual and spiritual development. By analyzing the contributions of classical Islamic scholars, such as Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and Al-Ghazali, alongside Western epistemological traditions, the study highlights complementary and contrasting approaches to understanding knowledge and its role in shaping ethics and governance. Furthermore, the research draws on contemporary case studies, such as the Marrakesh Declaration and Masdar City, to illustrate how Quranic principles of cooperation, justice, and environmental stewardship can inform modern societal frameworks. Ultimately, the study argues for the continued relevance of Islamic thought in addressing contemporary global challenges, emphasizing that the pursuit of knowledge not only advances scientific discovery but also promotes human dignity, justice, and societal well-being.

The Way Forward in the Energy Transition; Good Practices and Challenges at Wageningen University & Research

Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to changes in energy used in buildings is the most successful part of Wageningen University & Research’s (WUR) climate policy. In this article the authors evaluate sustainable energy measures and identify key success factors, based on internal documents, discussions with stakeholders, and relevant literature. The role of government and stakeholders has been important, as were the technical possibilities to take a major step with constructing the heat and cold storage on campus. Geopolitical factors also played a role, in particular the war in Ukraine, which increased energy prices, acutely reinforcing the need for energy savings. In addition to saving energy, WUR aims to contribute to the energy transition by generating green electricity with wind turbines and solar panels. Furthermore, electricity used from the grid is offset with wind energy through Dutch guarantees of origin (GVOs), allowing us to offset GHG emissions for electricity at zero. Yet, there are other reasons to save as much as possible on electricity use. In addition to environmental considerations, congestion of the electricity grid plays a role, which is largely associated with the energy transition. Looking ahead, we describe further potential energy reduction opportunities and related challenges. As described in the Rough Outline of WUR Energy Transition 2050 [1], WUR provides clear targets and possible sets of measures to achieve these targets. Challenges include the uncertainty surrounding technological solutions and the availability of funding. We recently expanded our carbon footprint to include Scope 3 emissions of purchased goods and services. An additional challenge is the reduction of implicit energy use through the purchasing chain.

Developing a Customer Satisfaction Model for Non-Wage Recipients at BPJS Employment Office, West Kalimantan Province

This study aims to develop a customer satisfaction model for BPJS Employment participants who are non-wage recipients (BPU) in West Kalimantan Province. The research focuses on the impacts of Customer Relationship Management (CRM), service quality, government role, and customer trust on participant satisfaction. Using a quantitative methodology with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), data from 384 respondents was analyzed. Findings indicate that CRM and service quality are significant factors in customer satisfaction, with customer trust enhancing these effects. The government’s role further moderates satisfaction, suggesting policy and regulatory support are essential for public sector service providers.

Reconstruction of Typhoon-Induced Ocean Thermal Structures Using Deep Learning and Multi-Source Satellite Data with News Impact Analysis

Reconstructing the three-dimensional thermal structure of the ocean under typhoon conditions presents significant challenges due to the scarcity of observational data, particularly in subsurface regions, and the limitations of existing observation methods in terms of spatial and temporal resolution. Accurate reconstruction of these structures is crucial for understanding the energy exchange between the ocean and typhoons, as this exchange directly influences typhoon intensity and trajectory. To address these challenges, this study introduces a fully connected transformer network (FCT), which integrates fully connected layers with a transformer model. The FCT model leverages the attention mechanisms inherent in the transformer architecture to effectively extract and integrate multi-scale ocean dynamical features. Using data from Typhoon Lekima in 2019, this study reconstructs ocean thermal structures at various depths and achieves an RMSE of 1.03 °C and an MAE of 0.83 °C when validated against Argo data. Furthermore, the model’s robustness was demonstrated through five-fold cross-validation, with the validation loss exhibiting minor fluctuations across folds but remaining stable overall, with an average validation loss of 0.986 °C, indicating the model’s generalizability. Sensitivity analysis also revealed the model’s resilience to variations in key input variables, showing minimal impact on output even with perturbations of up to 10% in input data. In addition, the study incorporates content analysis of typhoon-related news reports from 2011 to 2020, revealing a predominance of political topics, which underscores the central role of government in disaster response, with economic and ecological topics following. This integrated approach not only enhances our understanding of the interactions between ocean thermal structures and typhoon dynamics but also provides valuable insights into the societal impacts of typhoons, as reflected in media coverage, contributing to improved disaster management strategies.

Peran Dinas Kesehatan dalam Menurunkan Stunting di Kelurahan Singosari Kabupaten Gresik

Stunting is a persistent nutritional problem resulting from a long-term lack of nutritional intake, usually caused by unequal distribution of food and not meeting nutritional needs. Intrauterine growth restriction can manifest as stunting and become apparent when the child reaches two years of age. Stunting can affect individuals from early development to adulthood. Delays in the growth and development of toddlers due to stunting can have far-reaching impacts, including impaired cognitive capacity, increased risk of non-communicable diseases, decreased productivity, poverty, and increased chances of giving birth to babies with low birth weight. The aim of this research is to determine the role of the Health Service in reducing stunting. The method used is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques in this research are interviews, observation and documentation. Based on the research results that: 1. The role of the government as a regulator, regarding the problem of handling stunting toddlers, the rules made by the decision maker, namely the Regent, regarding stunting issues are quite good with these regulations, as well as the efforts made in handling stunting toddlers have been well monitored. , by providing coaching for 3 months and also providing additional food. 2. The government's role as a dynamist, treating stunted toddlers by conducting outreach and empowerment to handle and prevent the return of stunted toddlers. By conducting outreach either from social media or directly to the public, one of which is by posting on the media platform, namely Instagram. 3. The government's role as a facilitator, providing facilities and infrastructure as well as programs carried out in dealing with stunting toddlers, such as procuring body weighing equipment, height measuring instruments that are good and have accurate results.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Country Governance: An International Comparative Study Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic

This paper assesses the association of ESG scores with stock returns and highlights the moderating role of the COVID-19 pandemic and the country’s governance. The study uses panel data regression models to assess the relationship between ESG factors and stock returns, focusing on the moderating role of country governance and the COVID-19 pandemic. The results reveal that governance quality significantly enhances the positive effects of ESG practices on returns, particularly during times of crisis. These suggest that higher overall ESG scores are related positively to financial performance, and this relation is enhanced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the two dimensions of ESG that matter most are environmental and governance. Country-level governance is important because firms in well-governed countries amplify the benefits of high ESG scores. The opposite is true for the higher controversies scores, whose bad financial outcome is magnified during the pandemic. These results present an argument for the resilience of firm financial performance, dependent on strong ESG practices and governance frameworks. This holds great interest for investors and policymakers in associating good ESG considerations with the effective management of financial risks, leading to sustainable returns during periods of widespread economic uncertainty.

Societal Adaptation to Pandemic Challenges: Analysing the Role of Local Governance and Healthcare Systems in Madhya Pradesh

The COVID-19 pandemic posed unprecedented challenges, compelling communities globally to adapt rapidly to protect lives and maintain societal functions. This study examines the role of local governance and healthcare systems in Madhya Pradesh in addressing these challenges and fostering societal resilience. Drawing on quantitative data from government health agencies and qualitative insights from community feedback, this research explores how local governance structures facilitated public health response, resource allocation, and pandemic preparedness. Findings indicate that decentralized decision-making and robust healthcare infrastructure were instrumental in managing health crises, providing essential services, and supporting economic resilience at the grassroots level. Key results show that regions with stronger local governance exhibited a 30% lower infection rate compared to less governed areas, while areas with well-resourced healthcare systems saw a 20% higher recovery rate. Resource distribution, however, varied significantly, with urban areas receiving 60% more medical supplies than rural regions, creating disparities in healthcare access. Data analysis revealed that healthcare facilities that integrated digital solutions, such as telemedicine, were able to serve 45% more patients remotely, mitigating the risk of virus spread and reducing hospital overload. The study identifies the need for capacity-building initiatives, infrastructure strengthening, and data-driven decision-making to enhance future pandemic preparedness. Future prospects include continuous training programs for healthcare workers, increasing community awareness of health protocols, and leveraging technology for real-time data monitoring. These insights contribute to a comprehensive framework for building resilient healthcare systems in Madhya Pradesh, better prepared for future public health crises.

The Impact of ESG Ratings on Investment Decisions in the Energy Sector During Uncertain Times

With increasing global awareness of sustainability, the financial sector must inevitably adapt. Our research investigates the role of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) ratings in investment decision-making, particularly in the energy sector, by examining their impact on portfolio performance. The study aims to assess the impact of ESG integration on portfolio risk and returns. Using data from the SP500 index, econometric models and Monte Carlo simulations are employed to evaluate how ESG considerations influence portfolio optimization and risk management. The study reveals that integrating ESG criteria into investment strategies, especially during market volatility, may not always directly affect returns, they provide significant benefits in terms of risk mitigation and ethical investment alignment.

Exploring the Mechanisms Driving Sense of Community in a Smart Society in Wuhan: A Mixed-Methods Multidimensional Comparative Study

In the context of China’s community governance, as a result of the insufficient willingness and ability of residents to participate, most communities have formed a “strong political–weak social” governance structure, which limits the effective expansion of social capital. To address this challenge and promote resident participation, achieving a “strong social and political” transformation in governance structure has become a core issue in current research. Meanwhile, “sense of community” serves as a crucial perspective in this research, which remains to be deepened in domestic studies and needs to consider the impact of emerging factors such as smart technologies. This study innovatively introduces affective events theory (AET), constructing a theoretical model and taking Wuhan as an example. By adopting quantitative and case comparison research methods, the paper delves into the factors influencing Wuhan residents’ sense of community in the context of a smart society and the promoting role of smart governance. On the basis of the findings, this paper presents the following conclusions: (1) Communities should attribute equal importance to the construction of both traditional and smart environments while reinforcing the leading and participatory roles of community administrators; (2) In the community’s daily governance processes, equal focus and importance must be attributed to both service delivery and engagement; (3) Communities must acknowledge the individual distinctions among residents and implement tailored governing strategies accordingly; (4) The government should prioritize the research and development of smart applications while boosting financial investments in the creation and operation of smart communities.

Tab the lab: A typology of public sector innovation labs

Many public sector organizations set up innovation laboratories in response to the pressure to tackle societal problems and the high expectations placed on them to innovate public services. Our understanding of the public sector innovation laboratories’ role in enhancing the innovation capacity of administrations is still limited. It is challenging to assess or compare the impact of innovation laboratories because of how they operate and what they do. This paper closes this research gap by offering a typology that organizes the diverse nature of innovation labs and makes it possible to compare various lab settings. The proposed typology gives possible relevant factors to increase the innovation capacity of public organizations. The findings are based on a literature review of primarily explorative papers and case studies, which made it possible to identify the relevant criteria. The proposed typology covers three dimensions: (1) value (intended innovation impact of the labs); (2) governance (role of government and financing model); and (3) network (stakeholders in the collaborative arrangements). Comparing European countries and regions with regards to the repartition of labs shows that Nordic and British countries tend to have broader scope than continental European countries. Points for practitioners Public sector innovation (PSI) labs can help to approach innovation collaboratively across organizational boundaries. It is, however, necessary in this context to find the setup that best addresses an organization's needs or strategic ambitions. The proposed typology is based on criteria relevant for designing PSI labs. Being able to distinguish the different labs helps practitioners to choose models that fit their purposes and learn from existing labs.

Innovating for sustainability in food and beverage companies: the role of governance and environmental factors in climate change mitigation

PurposeFocusing on the food and beverage (F&B) sectors, this study aims to identify combinations of external environmental factors (natural disasters and water stress) and internal corporate governance factors (corporate social responsibility [CSR] sustainability committee, board gender diversity and stakeholder engagement) that lead to the integration of climate change mitigation innovation and technologies.Design/methodology/approachA fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was conducted on a global sample of 262 listed companies in the F&B sectors. Two additional analyses were performed for European and Asian companies.FindingsIn the three models, the presence of CSR sustainability committees and stakeholder engagement was crucial for achieving the integration of climate change mitigation innovation and technologies. The relevance of board gender diversity differs between the European and Asian models, highlighting potential regional influences on corporate climate innovation decisions. The combination of external and internal factors is the key to justifying different approaches to achieving climate innovation.Originality/valueThis study offers insights into the factors driving the integration of climate change mitigation innovation and technologies into company strategies. Related strategies must combine external and internal factors to enhance the climate resilience and competitiveness of F&B companies while reducing their environmental impact.

PENINGKATAN PEREKONOMIAN PETANI MELALUI PEMBUATAN BENIH PADI KELAS SEBAR (EXTENSION SEED)

The economy of farmers in Indonesia can be said to not be in good condition. Only a small number of farmers have been financially successful. The government's role in improving the welfare of farmers has been carried out by paying great attention to the agricultural sector. Sukoharjo Regency is a major contributor to the regional economy through the agricultural sector. In order for the economy of farmers in Sukoharjo Regency to be optimal, training is provided on making rice seeds in the distribution class. The method used in the community service program is through Asset Based Community Development (ABCD). Training and counseling are carried out for the "Ngudi Rejeki" farmer group as a partner. Making good seeds will make plants grow well and the harvest is maximized. Maximum harvest results will directly improve the economy of farmers and increase purchasing power. Deflation in various regions can be suppressed by improving the economy from below, especially farmers.

Financial Constraints and Firm Innovation Decision: The Roles of Corporate Governance and Risk Diversification

ABSTRACT Firm innovation decision is subject to the influence of financial constraints, but the mechanism through which this impact occurs remains unclear. Using a nationwide representative survey data set of private firms in China in 2016, we first identified the strengthening effect of financial constraints on firm innovation decision, and further demonstrated the influence of corporate governance and risk diversification on such a relationship. The results show that firms tend to increase investment in innovation to improve operations when facing tighter financial constraints. Firms with suboptimal corporate governance and better conditions of risk diversification tend to adopt riskier innovation strategy to cope with tighter financial constraints.

Role of local governments in EU member states’ climate policy and legislation

This article provides a better understanding of the opportunities and challenges that local governments have in achieving climate objectives, both within EU member states’ national climate policy and national climate law, and how this relates to the literature on multi-level governance. More specifically, the differences and similarities between the national climate plans and national climate legislation of four selected member states (Germany, Ireland, Netherlands and Spain) have been examined. The findings from this can be related to the literature on multi-level governance when it comes to opportunities and challenges regarding the role that local governments fulfill. On the one hand, local governments are often seen as potential key drivers that can successfully work together and whose involvement can lead to more effective climate governance. On the other hand, local governments are legally and financially dependent on higher levels of government in the implementation of their assigned climate-related tasks and responsibilities.

The role of data governance in enhancing cybersecurity resilience for global enterprises

Data governance plays a critical role in enhancing cybersecurity resilience for global enterprises. In the face of increasingly sophisticated cyber threats, coupled with rising regulatory demands such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), enterprises must implement robust data governance frameworks to safeguard data integrity, availability, and confidentiality (Ramirez et al., 2008). Effective data governance involves a combination of policies, procedures, and technologies that align with an organization’s overall cybersecurity strategy (Khatri & Brown, 2010). This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the critical intersection between data governance and cybersecurity, emphasizing the link between governance structures, risk management processes, and technological innovations in mitigating evolving cyber threats (Weber et al., 2009). Additionally, we explore the essential role of data stewardship, stakeholder responsibilities, and the deployment of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), in fostering organizational resilience (Arora & Pedersen, 2017). Through case studies and best practices, the study presents a conceptual framework that enables global enterprises to adapt to the fast-changing cybersecurity landscape while maintaining compliance with international data regulations. By addressing key elements such as access control, data classification, and real-time monitoring, this research underscores how comprehensive data governance frameworks serve as a foundation for enhanced cybersecurity resilience in today’s digital economy (Da Veiga & Eloff, 2007).

The impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) rating disparities on corporate risk: The mediating role of financing constraints.

As global concerns over climate change and sustainability grow, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors have become critical in evaluating corporate practices. In China, the increasing adoption of ESG ratings by investors has highlighted discrepancies in these ratings, which may impact corporate risk. While extensive research exists on ESG performance, the effects of ESG rating disparities on corporate risk, particularly in Chinese enterprises, remain underexplored, especially the mediating role of financing constraints. Utilizing data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2022, this study examines the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) rating disparities on corporate risk, focusing on the mediating role of financing constraints. The findings indicate that discrepancies in ESG ratings significantly increase corporate risk, particularly in non-state-owned enterprises and heavily polluting industries, while having no significant impact on state-owned enterprises. Discrepancies in governance ratings exert the greatest impact on corporate risk, underscoring the critical role of corporate governance. Financing constraints further exacerbate the impact of rating discrepancies on corporate risk. These results provide new insights into enhancing the ESG rating system and mitigating corporate risk, offering a foundation for relevant policy-making.

Green governance and the EKC hypothesis: Evidence from Vietnamese provinces

The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) posits an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental degradation and economic development, suggesting that while economic growth may initially harm the environment, it can ultimately lead to both economic and environmental benefits in the long run. Empirical evidence of this hypothesis strongly supports the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 8 (Good Jobs and Economic Growth), and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities). While the EKC literature focused more on national or cross-country analyses, limited studies examined this hypothesis at the regional or provincial level and often used data from the U.S. and China. This study revisits the EKC hypothesis in Vietnamese provinces by examining municipal solid waste (MSW), which is important to the SDGs but has attracted less attention compared to other pollutants. The role of green governance, measured via the provincial green index (PGI), is also examined. Findings indicate that the EKC exists at the provincial level in Vietnam, with the PGI reducing the GDP requirement for the EKC turning point, thereby accelerating environmental improvements. Consequently, promoting green governance is important for emerging countries such as Vietnam to achieve sustainable development and the SDGs.