Role In Respiration Research Articles

The role of respiration in the energy metabolism of the bovine lens.

The role of respiration in the energy metabolism of the bovine lens.

Changes in the composition of the swimbladder gas of the striped mullet, Mugil cephalus, during hypoxia

1. 1. Changes in the gas composition of the swimbladder of the striped mullet, Mugil cephalus, were measured by gas chromatographic analysis of 1-ml samples. 2. 2. During hypoxia the oxygen content of the swimbladder decreased to a level proportional to the dissolved oxygen content of the surrounding water. 3. 3. Since such a small amount of oxygen is involved, and since reabsorption takes place over a 1-hr period, it is doubtful if this oxygen plays an important role in respiration.

The Role of Respiration in Salt Absorption

The Role of Respiration in Salt Absorption

Evidence for hormonal effects on metabolism of cockroaches from studies of tissue homogenates

Among other functions attributed to the corpora allata of insects is the control of respiratory metabolism. Its exact role has not been clarified and, in fact, some reports tend to be somewhat conflicting. The corpora cardiaca in at least one instance also have been described as having a possible role in respiration. The present investigation began as an attempt to demonstrate the efficacy of the retrocerebral complex components in influencing O 2 consumption by adding extracts of them to muscle and fat body homogenates. It became apparent that while these tissues did yield active extracts, similar effects could be elicited by preparations made from brain and suboesophageal ganglia. The role of the suboesophageal ganglion, in fact, appears to be as great as that of the corpora allata. Therefore, a new synthesis of information to explain the origins of ‘metabolic hormones,’ at least for roaches, seems called for.

Photo-oxidation of ascorbic acid in leaves.

These studies were planned as an extension of previous work (Mapson, 1961a) on investigations into the possible role of ascorbic acid and its oxidized forms as electron carriers in plant respiration, and the present investigation was also carried out with this object primarily in view. The results to be described in this paper suggest that the ascorbic acid system may function as an electrontransferring system during photosynthesis, in addition to any such role in respiration.

Respiration and the regulation of acid-base balance.

To understand the nature of disturbances in acid-base balance and the role of respiration in their initiation or compensation, it is necessary first to inquire into the operation of the blood systems. The total cations of the blood, B t (chiefly Na+ and K+), are distributed among anions as follows: where P is protein, A is chiefly chloride, and X includes such things as phosphate, sulfate, and lactate. Now in a given blood subject to changes only in carbonic acid (or pCO 2 ), BA is constant and BX is negligibly small. We therefore concentrate our attention on that part of B t which is distributed between HCO 3 — and P—. Let us call this the buffer base, B b , and define it as follows: When carbonic acid is added to such blood, the total base remains constant, but its distribution between HCO 3 — and

Medical management of the long-term respirator patient

a respirator preserves the life of an extensively paralyzed child during the te phase of poliomyelitis, physicians have triumphed over death, but they re created for themselves a problem in chronic illness and in providing faties for the physical, mental and social rehabilitation of a seriously disabled ient.” We wish to discuss problems in the medical management of some of the g-term respirator patients. The impaired respiratory capacity of these patients stems primarily from involvement of primary and accessory muscles of respiration. The dia‘agm is the most important respiratory muscle. At rest it accounts for apximately 60 per cent of the ventilation. It secures its innervation, however, n cervical roots III and IV, and occasionally from V. The cervical innerion largely supplies the central portion or central tendon of the diaphragm I its crura. The costal portion of the diaphragm, on the other hand, is largely Iplied by the lower six intercostal nerves, which also send some fibers to the tral tendon. The intercostal nerves also innervate the intercostal muscles, ,ch also play an important role in respiration. The most important group accessory muscles of respiration are those of the neck and shoulder girdle, ch are chiefly involved in upper costal respiration. A second important scular structure concerned with respiration is the abdominal wall. All these ups of muscles derive their innervation from the cervical or thoracic segments he spinal cord. For this reason these long-term respirator cases are primarily se w’ith high spinal involvement. True, of course, some may have had some ree of bulbar involvement during their acute illness; however, there is little lence that the bulbar residual involvement is the primary source of the longn respiratory difficulty. Of the thirty-six patients all except three developed poliomyelitis over lteen months ago. All of them required the assistance of a respiratory aid --From the Poliomyelitis Rehabilitation Center, aided by &II annual grant from the National Foun,n for Infantile Paralysis. *Professor and Director of Department of Medicine, Creighton University School ol Medicine. **Instructor in Neurology. Creighton University School of Medicine.