Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic steadily progressing neurodegenerative disease with a predominant lesion of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA-)ergic brain neurons. PD is an incurable disorder, which mostly affects the elderly. Misfolding and hyperphosphorylation of the α-synuclein protein, as well as the development of chronic neuroinflammation, are the main links in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in PD. Pharmacotherapy aimed at mobilizing the stress-inducible chaperone Hsp70, which plays a key role in protein quality control and possess immunomodulating activity, seems to be promising for the development of preventive therapy for PD. In the present study, we used a model of the preclinical stage of PD in elderly rats created by intranasal administration of a proteasome inhibitor lactacystin. A therapy based on the systemic administration of the chaperone inducer Hsp70, a low molecular weight quinoid compound U133 (acetylated 2,3,7-tris-O-glucoside echinochrome), was applied in the model of PD. We showed that the compound U133 causes a delayed increase in the Hsp70 content in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in elderly animals. Preventive Hsp70-inducing therapy with U133 in the model of preclinical stage of PD in elderly rats weakened the process of neurodegeneration in SNpc and counteracted the development of neuroinflammation. At the same time, there was a decrease in the amount of aggregated α-synuclein and regression of post-translationally modified α-synuclein, phosphorylated at Ser129. The data obtained indicate that the prodrug, the small molecule, derivative of echinochrome U133 has significant therapeutic potential in the Parkinson-like pathology in elderly age. The results of the study are of scientific and practical importance for the development of innovative technology for preventive PD pharmacotherapy based on the domestic drug U133.