Role In Conflict Resolution Research Articles

Yemeni women’s role in conflict resolution

Yemeni women’s role in conflict resolution

BATI AFRİKA'DAKİ BÖLGESEL KURULUŞLARIN ÇATIŞMA ÇÖZME ROLÜLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: LİBERYA'DAKİ ECOWAS ÖRNEĞİ.

What are the causal factors that led to ECOWAS’s failure in its conflict resolution role in Liberia’s civil war during the 1990’s? The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is a regional organization established in early 1975. Although it was established with the aim of an economic development mission, but since 1990 it included conflict resolution agenda by creating The Economic Community of West African States Cease-fire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG). In 1991, a year after its creation, ECOMOG intervened in Liberia to restore peace and security. It is assisted in its Liberian conflict resolution mission by other international organizations such as the United Nations (UN) and the African Union (AU). So at the international level, the UN Security Council supported ECOWAS in Liberia with 386 observers and the AU played the role of facilitator for the organization of the presidential elections in 1997. At the regional level, ECOWAS has a lack of common interest and identity because between its French-speaking and English-speaking member countries, there is a difference of opinion when making decisions for its intervention in one of its member countries at war. Finally, at the domestic level, the lack of experience of ECOWAS leaders in the field of conflict resolution and its structural failures have not facilitated the task of ECOWAS in Liberia. This article consists of three different parts that include, Analysis of the role of international organizations, the problem of common interest and identity and the lack of experience of ECOWAS leaders in the field of conflict resolution and structural failures of the ECOWAS.

Individuality and function of chemical signals during conflict resolution of a mammal.

Individual recognition via communication signals is a critical component of social behavior, and provides the basis of conflictresolution, territorial behavior, and mate choice. However, the function of chemical signals in mammalian individual recognition and conflict resolution has largely been unexplored despite olfaction being a dominant sensory modality in many mammalian species. Here, we describe behavioral tests designed to evaluate the potential role of forehead gland secretions during conflict related to territorial defense in male Great Himalayan leaf-nosed bats. We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to quantify the chemical composition. Our results showed that forehead gland secretions contain 16 categories of compounds, including 84 volatile compounds. The concentrations of compounds and their categories differed significantly among individuals. Moreover, behavioral studies indicated that males can use chemical signals for individual recognition. Contests were staged between males with or without functioning forehead glands. Paired males without functioning forehead glands displayed more physical contact and longer contest duration compared with pairs with functioning glands. Moreover, males with a functioning gland were more likely to win in contests when paired with males without a functioning gland. These findings support a growing amount of evidence that chemical signals play a vital role in conflict resolution in mammals.

Parent-to-child aggression, intimate partner aggression, conflict resolution, and children's social-emotional competence in early childhood.

Early childhood is critical to the development of children's social-emotional competence, which predicts peer relations and school adjustment in later periods of childhood. The effects of experiencing or witnessing aggression on children's social-emotional development are well known, yet the role of conflict resolution within the family has not been sufficiently studied. Social information processing models suggests that children who experience positive forms of conflict resolution within the family are likely to generalize these experiences and related skills outside the family, and thus develop greater social-emotional competence. In this longitudinal study, 128 parents (representing 79 families) participated in four quarterly telephone interviews in which they described aggressive conflicts that occurred in their family for which their children were present, including the degree to which each conflict was resolved. They also reported on the frequency of intimate partner aggression (IPA) and parent-to-child aggression (PCA) that occurred while the child was in toddlerhood and preschool as well as children's social-emotional competence at the end of the study. Multi-level models reveal that parents' reports of positive conflict resolution mitigated the concurrent and longitudinal negative effects of children's exposure to both IPA and PCA on their social-emotional competence. These findings reinforce prevention scientists' emphasis on conflict resolution skills as an essential component of parent education programs.

Uncovering the processes and ritual practices of indigenous conflict resolution in the shimgelina system

ABSTRACT Despite the availability of numerous studies on the issue of indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms, the process and ritual practices have not been explored in detail. Thus, the objective of this study is to examine the process and ritual practices during conflict resolution by shimgelina. To achieve these objectives, the study involved fourteen purposely selected shimageles and five conflicting parties for in-depth interviews, and three key informants. Personal observation and document reviews were used to collect data. In addition, one Focus Group Discussion, containing seven Idir leaders, was held to generate rich data about the issue. Thematic categorisation and analysis were used to examine the collected data. This study reveals that shimageles are employing a series of processes of conflict resolution with different ritual practices. Furthermore, this study argues that each ritual practice has its own importance in the process of conflict resolution. Despite the existence of different rituals that are important for conflict resolution and transformation, the shimageles and conflicting parties have fewer adherences to those ritual practices. Therefore, the study recommends that unless the rituals which are important for conflict resolution are strictly followed, the capacity of the shimageles to perform their conflict resolution role is undermined and remains elusive.

The interplay between winner–loser effects and social rank in cooperatively breeding vertebrates

Winner and loser effects are widespread among animal taxa and are known to influence hierarchy formation, although it is unclear how rank influences such effects in species organized in social hierarchies. We investigated the existence of winner and loser effects and the effect of social rank on such effects in Neolamprologus pulcher, a cooperatively breeding cichlid fish. Social groups of these fish are organized in strict linear, size-based hierarchies. We successively assigned a dominant or subordinate rank to each of 18 focal individuals in balanced order, followed by an assigned winning or losing experience, respectively, resulting in a two-by-two factorial design. For each of the four treatment combinations, we recorded the performance of the focal fish in contests over a resource with similar-sized, naive opponents. Assigned winners won subsequent contests more often than losers, were more likely to escalate the contest and showed more overt aggression during a contest. Moreover, individuals with assigned subordinate rank showed more restrained aggression. However, winner and loser effects were not modulated by rank. This study shows that winner–loser effects exist in a highly social fish with linear social hierarchy. Moreover, fighting experience and rank may play complementary roles in conflict resolution.

The Role of the Catholic Church in Ethnic Conflict Resolution among the Residents of Kipchimchim Parish in Kenya

The Catholic Church plays a vital role in conflict resolution across the globe. Most of the conflicts in Kenya happen during the election period, and the church intervenes to reduce the tensions among individuals and ethnic communities. The main aim of this study was to establish the role of the Catholic Church in conflict resolution among the residents of Kipchimchim in Kenya. The study employed a cross-sectional design. The sample size was 200 respondents derived from a target population of 2106 individuals. The primary data was collected using questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The study found out that the church plays a vital role in restoring peace and forgiveness among warring groups; families, institutions, and communities through mediation and conciliation. However, she had not done enough. The church had failed to effectively address the key issues which had caused perennial ethnic conflict. The church was expected to be at the forefront in addressing historical land injustices, electoral reforms, inclusivity, and equitable sharing of national resources, which are the leading cause of ethnic conflict. The study recommended that the church work with policymakers, including the government, to find solutions to the country's recurring cases of ethnic conflict. There was a need to address issues relating to electoral reforms, historical land injustices, equitable distribution of resources, inclusivity, and protection of human rights as a matter of priority for lasting peace, unity, and stability among Kenyan communities.

An Analysis of Useful Customary Practice in Hadiya Culture: The Case of “Landimacho”

Developing and preserving the use of indigenous knowledge, skills and heritages can play an essential role in ensuring utility and sustainable transmission of cultural heritages for new generations. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of indigenous institution (Landmacho) in settling conflicts in the Hadiya people in Hadiya Zone Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPRS) of Ethiopia. Qualitative research design was employed in the study for its appropriateness to assess the role of indigenous institutions in resolution of conflicts in the study area and Purposive sampling technique was employed to select the interviewee in the data collection. Landimacho is the truth of women and is the ruling system in the Hadiya society that is given to females or women only. It is culturally persuading system of two or more group of people’s conflict in the Hadiya society. The conflict is reached high point and male counterpart tried to solve but they cannot solve it. So, it is forced to be given to women of the society. It has a great role in conflict resolution, crime investigation and peacemaking in the society. To keep this value of society awareness creation, trainings about women’s role to the society, educating women to flourish it, increasing women’s participation and are mentioned to be the main recommendations to present a good attitude towards function of landimacho in the society. Keywords: indigenous, guff-guddima, xiigguulla, landimacho, geja, Wogana. DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/72-01 Publication date: October 31 st 2020

The Role of Blessing and Cursing in Traditional Conflict Resolution Mechanism among the Hadiya People, Southern Ethiopia

Hadiya people have maintained their indigenous mechanisms of governance system known as “Seera”. This article addresses the role of blessing and cursing in conflict resolution among the Hadiya people. To achieve this objective, a qualitative method with an exploratory study design was employed. A total of 25, purposively selected, key informants have taken part as a primary source for this study. Besides, secondary sources have been used to substantiate data obtained from the primary sources. The major findings were that Hadiya traditional institutions have been playing a significant role to solve different local conflicts where the practices of blessing and cursing are very important enforcing tools that elders use to easily approach the individuals or groups in conflict, to investigate crimes which are committed in the absence of eye witness. Speaking truth is an essential principle that is expected from the disputants and the elders who manage the resolution process to save oneself from the curse. Men and women have a significant role and mostly every meeting begins and ends with blessing and cursing. Cursing is implicit in every day but it takes place on the last day if the suspect does not reveal the truth about the case. Concerning the link, the FDRE constitution recognized the preservation of cultures and practices of each society within its indigenous institutions. The similarity between the formal and informal is also found as in both institutions the witness begins by swearing an oath which is a part of the cursing on oneself if he or she lies or tries to falsify the truth related to the case. Lastly, the practices of blessing and cursing have been affected by different factors like individual differences over the decisions of elders or negative attitudes towards the value of the practice; sometimes the corrupt behavior of some elders. Awareness creations for youth concerning elders’ honor and value, and their roles in conflict resolution and for elders, on the other, about the importance of their work and the disadvantages of malpractices are part of the recommendation.

Use of Contemporary Broadcast Media in De-escalating Intra-communal Violence among the Abakuria in Kenya

The rapid growth in the vernacular broadcast media sector in Kenya has been lauded as key in the social and economic transformation of the rural communities. However, how they can be used in conflict management still remains datable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contemporary vernacular media intervention in the Abakuria community which has been prone to internecine intra-ethnic conflicts for a long time. The study analysed sources of information from broadcast media and their role in conflict resolution; evaluated the existing media reportage of intra-ethnic conflict; identified shortfalls in the usage of existing broadcast media platforms for resolving ethnic conflict and assessed the suitability of vernacular broadcast media in resolution of intra-ethnic conflict among the Abakuria community. The study used libertarian and social responsibility theories to advance understanding of the media in enhancing conflict management. It used a mixture of survey and qualitative methods of research design. Data was obtained from 162 victims of previous conflict and 162 local community members as well as 12 media practitioners and 12 key informants from the four divisions of Mabera, Ntimaru, Kegonga and Kehancha. Analysis of previous media reports was also done.

РОЛЬ МІЖНАРОДНИХ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙ У ВРЕГУЛЮВАННІ ЗОВНІШНЬОПОЛІТИЧНИХ КОНФЛІКТІВ

Contemporary diplomacy will largely depend on the path to the creation of a new world order. There are different options for the political structure of the world: from the unipolar / multipolar world to the world government. The role of non-state actors will increase in the international arena, while the process of eroding national sovereignty will continue. In this regard, diplomacy faces serious tests of strength, it will have to adapt to current conditions, as well as perform a joint function between state and non-state actors in international relations. Information flows become the levers of governance, namely, socio-economic, socio-political, international processes. Today we can speak of “the emergence of a global information industry that is undergoing a period of technological convergence, organisational combinations, legislative liberalisation, and the role of knowledge, information in economic development, the emergence of new forms of the “electronic” democracy, structural changes in employment”. The role of international organisations in international relations has undergone qualitative changes. They have become auxiliary tools for solving particular problems of interaction of sovereign states into a segment of international life. International organisations play an extremely important role in conflict resolution. Conflict prevention is becoming increasingly important in their activities. The mechanism for resolving conflicts by organisations is predominantly political in nature, but it is based on international law.

FORMATION OF THE NEGOTIATION INSTITUTE IN CENTRAL ASIA

This article explains how national traditions and values play a particular role in conflict resolution. The practical significance of the pre-Timurid peculiarities of the sources that served as the basis for the establishment and development of the negotiating institute in the course of historical development of the nation is explored.

English

The study, Conspicuously Absent: Women’s Role in Conflict Resolution and Peace Building in Northern Uganda in the Context of United Nations Resolution 1325. The research was carried out in war ravaged Acholi sub region covering the districts of Amuru, Gulu, Kitgum and Pader because they are located in the centre of Northern Uganda conflict between the Government and the rebels commonly known as the Lord’s Resistant Army (LRA). The main objective of the study was to locate women in conflict situations and assess their contribution. The study methodology is qualitative and builds upon a review of related literature, oral interviews, questionnaires and focus group discussions with men and women who participated in the study. The major research finding reveals that women played a big role in peace building and conflict resolution, but their involvement remained unrecognized. Worst still, the northern Uganda women appeared not linked with the growing number of women led initiatives internationally, nationally and sub-national levels. The lack of recognition of women’s roles makes women invisible actors in peace processes taking place in northern Uganda. The study concludes that including women in the formal peace process, while not a goal in itself, is symbolic and significant step in the promotion of women’s justifiable participation in peace building and conflict transformation processes. The study makes recommendations to enhance women’s capacity to contribute to peace processes formally and informally. Key words: Conflict mitigation, conflict resolution, gender, resolution 1325, peace-building, Lord’s Resistant Army (LRA), sub- region.

Assessment of multi-actor stakeholders’ role in conflict resolution in Punjab, Pakistan

This study was conducted in tehsil Naushera Virkan of district Gujranwala, Punjab Pakistan with the emphasis on assessment of multi-actors roles in conflict resolution among rural people. Total 75 respondents selected through snowball sampling technique were interviewed face to face followed by two focus group discussions with the potential elite in area. The quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis approach. For quantitative data, descriptive statistics (percentage, mean, standard deviation) were applied for the meaningful interpretation of data. Findings indicated that burning of crops (x̄ =3.90), loan on agricultural lands (x̄=3.89), inter-cast marriage system (x̄=3.87) and water distribution (x̄=3.76) were foremost reasons of conflicts as perceived by the respondents. Perceived conflicts had more impacts on the distribution of income (x̄=4.00), lack of unity (x̄=3.92) and farm production (x̄=3.91). Informal Judicial System (Panchayat) (x̄=4.18), Local leaders (Numberdar) (4.10), Elder family members/neighbours (x̄=4.00), Local police station (Thana) (x̄=3.95) and Politicians (x̄=3.94) were the key stakeholders playing role in conflicts resolution.

Conflict in Qur'anic Interpretation Study: The Role of Indonesian Women for Conflict Resolution

This article examines the Qur’an conflict perspective and the role of Indonesian women in conflict resolution efforts on a rural, regional and international scale. The results of this study indicate that conflicts in the Qur'an are presented in the form of stories with conflicts. Conflict stories in Qur’an are such as the conflict between Abel and Qabil, conflict between the Prophet Joseph and his brothers and conflict between the Prophet Moses and a Qibthi. The Qur’an is also about conflict resolution in various scattered verses. In the current conflicts, women have a significant role and efforts to resolve them. Indonesian women activists play a big role in conflict resolution that leads to the peace process. On a rural scale, the example is like conflict resolution by women activists in Gadingan village, Sliyeg Subdistrict, Indramayu Regency. On a regional scale such as the conflict resolution of women activists in Maluku and the international scale of conflict resolution conducted by Yenny Wahid on conflicts in Rohingya Myanmar.

Using an Integrated System Approach to Manage Conflict

We examined the current literature to determine if workplace conflict could be resolved by using an integrated conflict management system approach. This paper discusses ways to resolve conflict between persons. Human values differ on many levels of organizational culture; therefore, workplace conflict is inevitable, and it is often unavoidable in toxic workplaces. We uncovered numerous managerial communication strategies that can be useful to resolve workplace conflict. The current literature suggests that effective interpersonal communication plays an important role in conflict resolution. Several communication strategies were found to adequately address the main causes of conflict between people. We recommend 8 steps in 3 stages (SIP, DINE, and DANCE) necessary to resolve workplace conflicts, regardless of the line of work of the manager.

On being nice and effective: Work‐related emotional intelligence and its role in conflict resolution and interpersonal problem‐solving

AbstractPeople are thought to differ in their abilities to perceive, understand, and manage emotions, a construct termed emotional intelligence (EI). North Dakota emotional abilities test (NEAT), a test of EI based on the situation judgment test method, assesses EI applied to work settings. Three survey‐based studies examined and found that NEAT scores correlated positively with constructive motivations and behavioral intentions (Study 1; n = 94), conflict handling strategies favoring mutual interests (Study 2; n = 92), and helpful workplace behaviors, particularly under stressful conditions (Study 3; n = 90). These findings could possess particular value in domains such as conflict resolution and mediation.

Examining Women’s Role in Conflict Resolution in Alamata Town, Ethiopia

The main objective of this study was to examine women’s role in conflict resolution in Alamata Town, Ethiopia. As women can have an important role in a country’s peace talks and conflict resolution, their involvement is much needed in order to lead Ethiopia forward. However, today, the role of women in conflict resolution is underappreciated and is still being undermined by traditionally male dominated political and socio-economic structure in Ethiopia in general, specifically in Alamata Town. Hence, one may ask whether women have been participated in conflict resolution to their full potential in the study area. The study therefore sought to examine the roles of women in conflict resolution in Alamata Town. In this study, qualitative research method was used. This study was conducted based on a descriptive research design. The target populations of this study were the women households who were working in conflict resolution in the study area. The study sampled 20 women households’ respondents selected through purposive sampling technique in the study area. The researcher employed both primary and secondary sources of data and the data was collected using focus group discussion and personal observation. The qualitatively data was analyzed and interpreted using content analysis. The study found out that women were actually involved, though not enough, in peace initiatives or conflict resolution situations in the Town. The study concluded that despite many challenges women faced, they were able to contribute significantly to conflict resolution activities in the study area. This paper therefore, recommended that gender sensitivity (perspectives) and inclusion need to be mainstreamed in all policy processes to assure and continue the productive involvement of women in resolving conflicts. Keywords: Examining, Women, Roles, Conflict, Resolution, Alamata, Ethiopia DOI : 10.7176/RHSS/9-17-06 Publication date :September 30 th 2019

Congruent proverbs: The concept and roles in conflict resolution

Over the years, the Yorùbá has successfully employed proverbs to manage conflicts and discords among her populace. Many of these proverbs are conceptually and contextually congruent. The goal of this work is to draw attention to, and improve the knowledge of congruent proverbs using the proverbs of conflict resolution as the subject markers. The elders perceived by the Yorùbá to be the custodians of indigenous proverbs were consulted for conflict-resolving proverbs, their interpretation and implications. The interpretations and implications were. subjected to simple statistical analysis. Thirty proverbs that met the inclusion criteria were selected for the study. The analysis showed that two or more proverbs may be semantically congruent. The paper concluded that knowledge of the congruent proverbs could facilitate a recall of proverbial expressions, allows flexibility of use, enables complementary usage, provides a substitution, prevents monotony, allows smooth expression of thoughts, reinforces ideas, improves potency of speech and in effect, achieves the desired goal of peacemaking in African setting.Key Words: Congruent proverbs; Concept; Conflict resolution; Knowledge of

CHINA'S POLICY ON SYRIAN CRISIS: FEATURES AND PRIORITIES

The purpose of this article is to analyze the peculiarities ofChina's policy on the Syrian crisis in the context of its regional and national interests. The research examines the main principles underlying the PRC's Syrian crisis strategy; the methods and instruments of practical implementation of China's anti-crisis policy, as well as its impact on the PRC's regional positions; the interests of China that influence the formation of Beijing's approach to the conflict in Syria. The author believes that active involvement of Chinese diplomacy in overcoming the Syrian crisis became an essential step in the overall strengthening of the PRC's regional role.China's economic interests inSyriaare intertwined with national security considerations (the Uighur issue) and geostrategic ambitions (Belt and Road Initiative).Beijingalso seeks to enhance its status on the world stage by playing an active role in conflict resolution outside its traditional area of influence.