Ameliorative Role Research Articles

Anticoccidial and jejunum-protective effects of Krameria lappacea roots extract on experimental Eimeria papillata infection.

Coccidiosis is a protozoan parasitic disease caused by Eimeria species and affects wild and domestic animals. Coccidiostats are currently available to control this disease, although drug resistance has been confirmed for all of them. As a result, there is an urgent need to identify eco-friendly agents to control and treat this disease. This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative role of the Krameria lappacea roots extract (KLRE) on the outcome of coccidiosis induced by Eimeria papillata. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into seven groups (5 mice/group), as follows: Group 1: noninfected-nontreated (control group), Group 2: noninfected-treated group with KLRE (200 mg/kg), Group 3: infected-nontreated group, Group 4: infected-treated group with KLRE (50 mg/kg), Group 5: infected-treated group with KLRE (100 mg/kg), Group 6: infected-treated group with KLRE (200 mg/kg), and Group 7: infected-treated group with amprolium (120 mg/kg). Groups (3-7) were inoculated orally with 1 × 103 sporulated E. papillata oocysts. One hour after infection, groups (4-6) were daily treated for 5 days with KLRE and amprolium. On day 5 postinfection, oocyst output was determined, and mice were euthanized for the collection of jejuna then preparation of histological sections and jejunal homogenate was used for the determination of biochemical and oxidative damage markers. The coccidial infection induced weight loss of mice by 3.971%, which improved after KLRE to -1.512%. After KLRE treatment, the rate of feed intake was improved to be 52.21 ± 2.30 than those in infected group (40.47 ± 2.25). Oocyst output was significantly reduced in mice treated with KLRE (1.308 × 106 oocysts/g.feces) compared with those in the infected group (5.387 × 106 oocysts/g.feces). E. papillata infection induced marked histological alterations within jejunum tissue. After treatment, KLRE was able to impair the development of parasite stages (meronts, gamonts, and developing oocysts) in the jejunum through a significant reduction of number and size in comparison with the infected group. Infection with E. papillata induced a disturbance in the nutrient absorption in the jejunal mice tissue, which improved after the treatment with KLRE and amprolium. Also, KLRE counteracted significantly the E. papillata-induced loss of reduced glutathione and total antioxidant capacity. Our findings indicate that KLRE could be used as an alternative to the available coccidiostats currently available. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Krameria lappacea exhibit significant anticoccidial and antioxidant activities induced by E. papillata infection. Krameria lappacea exhibit significant improvement in the pathological alterations of the jejunal tissue induced by E. papillata infection.

Effect of GA3 and calcium on growth, biochemical, and fatty acid composition of linseed under chloride-dominated salinity.

The accumulation of salts in soil is an environmental threat affecting plant growth and crop yield. Linseed or flax is an ancient crop that has multifarious utilities in terms of industrial oil, textile fiber, and products. Salt susceptibility adversely affects linseed production, particularly to meet the growing demand for nutritional and nutraceutical products. In the present study, the ameliorative potential of gibberellic acid (GA3) and calcium (Ca2+) in mitigating the adverse effects of chloride-dominated salinity stress on the growth and physiological and biochemical processes in linseed was determined. Severe salinity treatment (10 dSm-1) resulted in stunted growth of tested linseed genotypes causing a significant reduction in biomass while proline content, phenol, H2O2, lipid peroxidation, and DPPH activity were increased in comparison to control. The exogenous application of 10-6M GA3 and/or 10mg CaCl2 kg-1 was found to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity stress. The mitigation was accomplished through the improvement of growth indicators, increased osmoprotectants such as proline and phenol content, stimulating DPPH activity, and reduction of H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation. The comparative evaluation of different saline treatments imposed individually and in combination with GA3 and Ca2+ revealed that combined GA3 and Ca2+ application exhibited synergistic effects and was most effective in mitigating the negative impacts of salt stress. The present study unravels the ameliorative role of GA3 and Ca2+ (individual or combined) in the physiologic-biochemical adaptive response of linseed plants grown under chloride-dominated salinity and thus aids in a better understanding of the underlying tolerance mechanisms of plants to withstand stress in saline environments.

Ameliorative role of diets fortified with Artocarpus altilis in a Drosophila melanogaster model of aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity

Backgrounds: Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) belongs to the family Moraceae. Artocarpus altilis possesses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative properties. Aluminum (Al) is extensively utilized for consumer products, cooking utensils, pharmaceuticals, and industries. Indication for the neurotoxicity of Al is investigated in various studies, notwithstanding the precise mechanisms of Al toxicity are yet to be fully elucidated, and, which requires novel therapy. In this study, we determined the ameliorative role of Artocarpus altilis on aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster.MethodsVarying concentration of the extract were used to formulate diets for 6 groups of flies. Group 1 contained basal diet, group 2 contained basal diet and aluminium chloride (AlCl3), group 3 contained basal diet + 0.1% unseeded breadfruit (UBF), group 4 contained basal diet + 1% unseeded breadfruit, group 5 and 6 contained basal diet + AlCl3 + 0.1% and 1% unseeded breadfruit. Assays such as acetylcholinesterase activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration level, catalase activity, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were carried out after 7 days of exposure respectively.ResultsThe results showed low activity of acetylcholinesterase activity and MDA level and high catalase and SOD activity in the pretreated and post-treated flies with Artocarpus altilis compared to the normal and negative control respectively.ConclusionsTaken together, Artocarpus altilis is a promising prophylactic, antiacetylcholinesterase, and antioxidant plant in the prevention, management and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.Graphical

Hepatotoxic Effect of Hydrogen Cyanamide (Dormex®) in Albino Rats and the Ameliorative Effect of Melatonin

Background: Hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex®) is used as a fertilizer sprayed on fruits, especially grapes to stimulate buds’ opening. It causes oxidative stress leading to hepatic, renal, and lung damage. Melatonin is derived primarily from the amino acid tryptophan, produced from the pineal gland, and has antioxidant effects. This study aimed to examine the effects of acute hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex®) exposure on the liver of albino rats and evaluate the biochemical and histological changes caused by Dormex® toxicity. Additionally, the study evaluated the potential ameliorative role of melatonin in these harmful effects. Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups; group I: Negative control, group II: Melatonin-treated (100 mg/kg/day), group III: Dormex®-treated (100 mg/kg) as a single dose, and group IV: Receiving melatonin (100 mg/kg/day)+Dormex® (100 mg/kg). After 24 hours, all animals were evaluated for liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin), hepatic markers for oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and histopathological examination was done for hepatic tissues. Results: The Dormex®-treated group showed significantly elevated liver enzymes, elevated MDA, and decreased GSH and SOD. Histopathological examination revealed normal structure in groups 1 and 2 while group 3 showed several histopathological changes characterized by inflammation and hepatic necrosis. Administration of melatonin with Dormex® in group 4 caused a decrease in liver enzymes and MDA and an increase in GSH and SOD with improvement in liver histopathology. Conclusion: Melatonin showed an ameliorative effect and can be used as a protective agent against Dormex®-induced hepatic injury.

Ameliorative Role of Mitochondrial Therapy in Cognitive Function of Vascular Dementia Mice.

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a vital role in the progression of vascular dementia (VaD). We hypothesized that transfer of exogenous mitochondria might be a beneficial strategy for VaD treatment. The study was aimed to investigate the role of mitochondrial therapy in cognitive function of VaD. The activity and integrity of isolated mitochondria were detected using MitoTracker and Janus Green B staining assays. After VaD mice were intravenously injected with exogenous mitochondria, Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were used to detect cognitive function of VaD mice. Haematoxylin and eosin, Nissl, TUNEL, and Golgi staining assays were utilized to measure neuronal and synaptic injury in the hippocampus of VaD mice. Detection kits were performed to detect mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ), SOD activity and the levels of ATP, ROS, and MDA in the brains of VaD mice. The results showed that isolated mitochondria were intact and active. Mitochondrial therapy could ameliorate cognitive performance of VaD mice. Additionally, mitochondrial administration could attenuate hippocampal neuronal and synaptic injury, improve mitochondrial ΔΨ, ATP level and SOD activity, and reduce ROS and MDA levels in the brains of VaD mice. The study reports profitable effect of mitochondrial therapy against cognitive impairment of VaD, making mitochondrial treatment become a promising therapeutic strategy for VaD.

The Ameliorative Role of Lico A on Aflatoxin B1-Triggered Hepatotoxicity Partially by Activating Nrf2 Signal Pathway.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most harmful and toxic mycotoxins in foods and feeds, posing a serious health risk to both humans and animals, especially its hepatotoxicity. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an important nuclear transcription factor, is generally recognized as a potential target for phytochemicals to ameliorate liver injury. The current study sought to elucidate the molecular processes by which licochalcone A (Lico A), a compound derived from Xinjiang licorice Glycyrrhiza inflate, protects against AFB1 toxicity. In vivo, male wild-type (WT) and Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2-/-) C57BL/6 mice were orally administered AFB1 at 1.5 mg/kg body weight (BW) with or without Lico A at 5 mg/kg. In vitro, AML12 cells were utilized to evaluate the protective effect and mechanism of Lico A against the AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity. Our findings demonstrated that AFB1 caused severe hepatotoxicity, while Lico A treatment successfully relieved the toxicity. Meanwhile, Lico A effectively improved liver injury, inflammatory mediators, oxidative insults, apoptosis, liver fibrosis, and pyroptosis, which contributed to the inhibition of toll receptor 4 (TLR4)-NF-κB/MAPK and NOD-like receptors protein 3 (NLRP3)/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway activation. Furthermore, Lico A was able to enhance the Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway. Intriguingly, Lico A still had a protective effect on AFB1-caused liver injury in mice via the inhibition of inflammation and pyroptosis, while apoptosis and liver fibrosis were blocked in the absence of Nrf2. To sum up, the present study first elucidated that Lico A ameliorated AFB1-induced hepatotoxic effects and its main mechanism involved the inhibitory effects on oxidative stress, apoptosis, liver fibrosis, inflammation, and pyroptosis, which might be partially dependent on the regulation of Nrf2. The work may enrich the role and mechanism of Lico A's resistance to liver injury caused by various factors, and its application is promising.

Retraction Note: Ameliorative role of nanocurcumin against the toxicological effects of novel forms of Cuo as nanopesticides: a comparative study.

Retraction Note: Ameliorative role of nanocurcumin against the toxicological effects of novel forms of Cuo as nanopesticides: a comparative study.

Ameliorating Potential of Curcumin and Ascorbic Acid Against Hepatotoxicity Caused by Synergistic Effect of Heavy Metals in Male Albino Rats

The ameliorative role of combination of curcumin and ascorbic acid (low and high doses) was determined against biochemical and histopathological changes in liver caused due to synergistic effects of heavy metals (As, Cd and Pb) present above permissible limits in drinking water for 60 and 90 days in 84 male albino rats. The histology of liver in rats treated with a mixture of low as well as high doses of heavy metals showed mild alternations after 60 days and intense damage after 90 days. The content of biochemical parameters like proteins and lipids were significantly decreased and cholesterol, phospholipids and fatty acids were significantly increased after 60 and 90 days of treatment. The rats treated with curcumin and ascorbic acid showed restoration of histological damage and content of biochemical components indicated amelioration of hepatotoxicity effectively up to 60/90 days depending upon the dose of heavy metals, curcumin and ascorbic acid.

Levilactobacillus brevis MZ384011 and Levilactobacillus brevis MW362779 can mitigate lead induced hepato-renal damage by regulating visceral dispersion and fecal excretion.

Heavy metal pollution is a global issue. Current study provides evidence on Pb toxicity ameliorative potential and safe nature of Levilactobacillus brevis MZ384011 (S1) and Levilactobacillus brevis MW362779 (S2), isolated from carnivore gut and human milk, respectively. In a 60-days experiment, the rats were distributed into six groups. G-I, G-V and G-VI were kept on normal diet, while GII-IV were fed on lead nitrate (500mg/kg) supplemented food, throughout experiment. After confirmation of Pb toxicity in GII-IV at 15th day, S1 was orally administered to G-III and G-V while S2 was given to G-IV and G-VI at a dose of 1 × 109 CFU/animal/day. On day 60 of experiment, positive control (G-II) displayed significant reduction in body weight, total protein, albumin, globulin, mineral profile, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit and hematological indices and elevation in leukocyte count, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, uric acid and creatinine along with alterations in hepato-renal architecture. With reference to G-II, the G-III and G-IV displayed significant improvement in all aforementioned parameters, 40-60% reduction in tissue Pb levels (blood, liver, kidney and adipose tissue) and elevation in fecal Pb contents (p = 0.000). The groups V and VI did not show any sign of toxicity. The findings confirm that strains are safe for biological application and can reverse Pb toxicity by facilitating fecal Pb excretion and reducing its systemic dispersal. To best of our information this is the first report on Pb toxicity ameliorative role of Levilactobacillus brevis from human milk, the safest source.

Effects of Acetylsalicylic Acid on the Gastric Mucosa and the Possible Ameliorative Role of Silymarin in Adult Albino Rat

Effects of Acetylsalicylic Acid on the Gastric Mucosa and the Possible Ameliorative Role of Silymarin in Adult Albino Rat

The ameliorative role of magnetite nano gel against lead toxicity in Clarias gariepinus: growth, oxidant/antioxidant stress, gene expression, and histopathological alterations of gills

The ameliorative role of magnetite nano gel against lead toxicity in Clarias gariepinus: growth, oxidant/antioxidant stress, gene expression, and histopathological alterations of gills

Assessment of Ameliorative Role of Citrullus vulgaris (Schrad) Seeds on Caffeine-induced Hepatic and Renal Dysfunction in Male Wistar Rats

Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive drug in the world. It is often marketed for its physical and cognitive performance benefits. Unlike many other psychoactive substances, it is legal and unregulated in nearly all parts of the world. The ingestion of potentially toxic amounts of caffeine in the forms of energy drinks, over-the-counter supplements, addiction or use of anhydrous caffeine products places individuals at risk for accidental overdose. An overdose of this drug is not without its attendant consequences on the liver and the Kidney. This study therefore aimed at evaluating the possible hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of Citrullus vulgaris seed extracts on caffeine induced toxicity. Thirty (30) male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. They were induced with caffeine (100 mg/kg) and treated with graded doses (100, 300 and 500 mg/ kg bwt.) of aqueous seeds extract of C. vulgaris for 21 days. The plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined and the concentrations of total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, creatinine and urea were estimated. Electrolytes (sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium ion) were also estimated. Plasma lipid profiling (total cholesterol, triacylglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), Low density lipoprotein (LDL) was carried out and the liver and kidney of the rats were examined for histopathological changes. The results showed that administration of aqueous seeds extract of Citrullus vulgaris restored the levels of the plasma enzymes, blood proteins, urea and creatinine as well as the levels of electrolytes close to normal control levels which were significantly altered by caffeine intoxication, Photomicrographs sections of the liver and kidney showed that the aqueous seeds extract of Citrullus vulgaris was able to repair damage to organs caused by caffeine-intoxication. The study concluded that the aqueous seeds extract of C. vulgaris possesses ameliorative potential against hepatic and renal damage that arises from caffeine-intoxication.

Ameliorative potential role of Rosmarinus officinalis extract on toxicity induced by etoposide in male albino rats.

The present work was showed to assess the effect of administration of rosemary extract on etoposide-induced toxicity, injury and proliferation in male rats were investigated. Forty male albino rats were arranged into four equal groups. 1st group, control; 2nd group, etoposide; 3rd group, co-treated rosemary & etoposide; 4th group, rosemary alone. In comparison to the control group, etoposide administration resulted in a significant increase in serum ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, total protein, and gamma GT. In contrast; a significant decrease in albumin level in etoposide group as compared to G1. G3 revealed a significant decrease in AST, ALT, ALP, total protein and total bilirubin levels and a significant rise in albumin level when compared with G2. Serum levels of urea, creatinine, potassium ions, and chloride ions significantly increased; while sodium ions were significantly decreased in G2 when compared with G1. Also, there was an increase of MDA level for etoposide treated group with corresponding control rats. However, there was a remarkable significant decrease in SOD, GPX and CAT levels in G2 as compared to G1. There was a significant increase in serum hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Nitric oxide (NO) levels in group treated with etoposide when compared to control group. It was noticeable that administrated by rosemary alone either with etoposide had not any effect on the levels of H2O2 and Nitric oxide. Serum level of T3 and T4 was significantly increased in etoposide-administered rats in comparison with G1. The administration of rosemary, either alone or with etoposide, increased the serum levels of T3 and T4 significantly when compared to control rats. The gene expression analysis showed significant downregulation of hepatic SOD and GPx in (G2) when compared with (G1). The treatment with rosemary extract produced significant upregulation of the antioxidant enzymes mRNA SOD and GPx. MDA gene was increased in (G2) when contrasted with (G1). Treatment of the etoposide- induced rats with rosemary extract delivered significant decrease in MDA gene expression when compared with etoposide group. Rats treated with etoposide showed significant decline in hepatic Nrf2 protein expression, when compared with G1. While, supplementation of Etoposide- administered rats with the rosemary produced a significant elevation in hepatic Nrf2 protein levels. Additionally, the liver histological structure displayed noticeable degeneration and cellular infiltration in liver cells. It is possible to infer that rosemary has a potential role and that it should be researched as a natural component for etoposide-induced toxicity protection.

Diabetes impairs male sexual behaviour: Ameliorative role of ethanol leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia and its antihyperlipidemic activity

Diabetes impairs male sexual behaviour: Ameliorative role of ethanol leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia and its antihyperlipidemic activity

Imidacloprid induced histopathological changes in kidney and ameliorative role of Withania somnifera in female rats

Imidacloprid induced histopathological changes in kidney and ameliorative role of Withania somnifera in female rats

The ameliorative role of Aloe vera-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus induced acute lung injury: Targeting TLR/NF-κB signaling pathways.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe condition distinguished by inflammation and impaired gas exchange in the lungs. Staphylococcus aureus, a common bacterium, can cause ALI through its virulence factors. Aloe vera is a medicinal plant that has been traditionally used to treat a variety of illnesses due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Chitosan nanoparticles are biocompatible and totally biodegradable materials that have shown potential in drug delivery systems. To explore the antibacterial activity of Aloe vera-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (AV-CS-NPs) against S. aureus in vitro and in vivo with advanced techniques. The antibacterial efficacy of AV-CS-NPs was evaluated through a broth microdilution assay. In addition, the impact of AV-CS-NPs on S. aureus-induced ALI in rats was examined by analyzing the expression of genes linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Furthermore, rat lung tissue was scanned histologically. The rats were divided into three groups: control, ALI, and treatment with AV-CS-NPs. The AV-CS-NPs that were prepared exhibited clustered semispherical and spherical forms, having an average particle size of approximately 60 nm. These nanoparticles displayed a diverse structure with an uneven distribution of particle sizes. The maximum entrapment efficiency of 95.5% ± 1.25% was achieved. The obtained findings revealed that The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values were determined to be 5 and 10 ug/ml, respectively, indicating the potent bactericidal effect of the NPs. Also, S. aureus infected rats explored upregulation in the mRNA expression of TLR2 and TLR4 compared to healthy control groups. AV-CS-NP treatment reverses the case where there was repression in mRNA expression of TLR2 and TLR4 compared to S. aureus-treated rats. These NPs can serve as potential candidates for the development of alternative antimicrobial agents.

Influence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and/or cadmium chloride oral exposure on testicular morphology, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in rats: Ameliorative role of co-enzyme Q10

Background and objectivesLittle is known about the implications of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) and cadmium chloride (Cd) co-exposure on the male reproductive system in mammals. As a result, this study researched the effects of oral TiO2NPs and/or Cd exposure on male reproduction and testicular functions. Additionally, a mitigation trial with co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has also been conducted. MethodsIn a 60-day experiment, seven experimental groups, each containing 10 male Sprague Dawley rats, were orally given distilled water (control), corn oil (vehicle control), CoQ10 (10 mg/kg b.wt), TiO2NPs (50 mg/kg b.wt), Cd (5 mg/kg b.wt), TiO2NPs + Cd, and TiO2NPs + Cd + CoQ10. Then, sperm quality, male sex hormones, oxidative stress indications, Ti and Cd testicular residues, testes and accessory gland architecture, and apoptotic and inflammatory markers in rat testes were assessed. ResultsTiO2NPs and/or Cd exposure negatively impacted body weight, weight gain, testicular weights, semen quality, serum reproductive hormones, oxidative stress parameters, and Caspase-3 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) immunoreactions. Histopathological changes were recorded in testicular, seminal vesicle, and prostatic tissues. Yet, co-administration of CoQ10 with TiO2NPs and Cd substantially mitigated these adverse consequences. The most notable aspect is that it effectively lowered testicular tissue Ti and Cd levels. It also improved oxidant status, hormonal profile, and sperm picture. CoQ10 minimized the testicular damage implied by histological examination. Furthermore, CoQ10 significantly diminished TiO2NPs and Cd-induced Caspase-3 and TNF-α immunoexpression in testicular tissue. ConclusionAs a result, CoQ10 could be utilized as a safe remedy to protect male reproductive physiology from TiO2NPs and Cd damage.

Ameliorative role of bioactive phytoconstituents targeting obesity associated NAFLD by modulation of inflammation and lipogenesis pathways: a comprehensive review

Ameliorative role of bioactive phytoconstituents targeting obesity associated NAFLD by modulation of inflammation and lipogenesis pathways: a comprehensive review

Trigonelline Chloride Ameliorated Triphenyltin-Induced Testicular Autophagy, Inflammation, and Apoptosis: Role of Recovery.

Triphenyltin chloride (TPT-Cl) is an organometallic organotin. This study aimed to investigate the role of trigonelline (TG) along with the impact of TPT withdrawal on the testicular toxicity induced by TPT-Cl. Thirty-six adult male albino rats were divided into control, TG (40 mg/kg/day), TPT-Cl (0.5 mg/kg/day), TG + TPT-Cl, and recovery groups. Animals were daily gavaged for 12 weeks. Both TG and TPT-Cl withdrawal improved TPT-Cl-induced testicular toxicity features involving testis and relative testis weight reduction, luteinizing hormone, follicular stimulating hormone, and sex hormone-binding globulin elevation, reduction of inhibin B, free testosterone levels, and sperm count reduction with increased abnormal sperm forms. Moreover, both TG and TPT-Cl withdrawal reduced inflammatory activin A, follistatin, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and proapoptotic Bax and elevated antiapoptotic Bcl2 in testicular tissues mediated by TPT-Cl. TG and TPT-Cl withdrawal restored the excessive autophagy triggered by TPT-Cl via elevation of mTOR, AKT, PI3K, and P62/SQSTM1 and reduction of AMPK, ULK1, Beclin1, and LC3 mRNA gene expressions and regained the deteriorated testicular structure. In conclusion, TG and TPT-Cl withdrawal had an ameliorative role in partially reversing TPT-Cl-induced testicular toxicity. However, the findings indicated that the use of TG as an adjunctive factor is more favorable than TPT-Cl withdrawal, suggesting the capability of the testis for partial self-improvement.

Title: The ameliorative role of Camellia sinensis extract against spleenʼs extra-medullary hematopoiesis in acute myeloproliferative disorder model in rats: Histopathological study

Title: The ameliorative role of Camellia sinensis extract against spleenʼs extra-medullary hematopoiesis in acute myeloproliferative disorder model in rats: Histopathological study