Role Of Stress Research Articles

How does paradoxical leadership affect employee adaptive performance? A moderated mediation model

PurposeDrawing on the paradox perspective and the Job Demands-Resources Model (JD-R), we investigate how paradoxical leadership behavior (PLB) affects employee adaptive performance.Design/methodology/approachConducted a multi-wave field study with a sample of 64 leaders and 224 subordinates (study 1), and a quasi-experiment involving 156 participants (study 2). The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA and HLM techniques.FindingsBoth studies reveal that (1) PLB exhibits a positive association with employee adaptive performance, (2) employee paradox mindset and role stress partly mediated the relationship between PLB and employee adaptive performance, (3) the indirect effects of PLB on employee adaptive performance through employee paradox mindset and role stress are moderated by employee gender-role identity (GRI).Originality/valueThis research developed a moderated mediation model to examine the potential impact of PLB on employee adaptive performance, which contributes to the literature by integrating the paradox perspective and emphasizing the effectiveness of combining “top-down” and “bottom-up” leadership approaches. Moreover, we elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which PLB facilitates employees in effectively managing work role tensions to enhance adaptive performance Finally, this study also extends the investigation of the contextual efficacy of PLB by incorporating GRI as a moderator.

Unpacking the unintended consequences of socially responsible human resource management: a role stress perspective

Purpose This paper aims to explore the unintended effect of socially responsible human resource management (SRHRM) on employee task performance via three components of role stress: role conflict, role ambiguity and role overload. Design/methodology/approach Data was collected from 360 employees who were working in companies in the south of Vietnam and the study hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling (SEM). Findings The results indicate that SRHRM increases role conflict, role ambiguity and role overload, which negatively affect employee task performance. Practical implications The key practical implication of our study is that SRHRM may decrease employee task performance via role conflict, role ambiguity and role overload. Managers should be aware of these findings and devise a plan to reduce the role stress that results from implementing SRHRM. Originality/value This study provides empirical evidence of the destructive consequences of SRHRM and contributes to a more complete perspective of how SRHRM affects employee performance.

Alienated social workers in China’s communities: The impacts of role stress, professional efficacy, and state interventions

Chinese community-service social workers face work alienation due to role stress. This study highlights the impact of government resources on a role stress–professional efficacy–work alienation research model. Paradoxically, state support may escalate role stress, thus hindering professional development and causing work alienation in this state-dominated profession.

Role Stress and Job Performance in the Economic Recession Issue: Evidence from Finance Companies

Role Stress and Job Performance in the Economic Recession Issue: Evidence from Finance Companies

Within-person increases in job autonomy linked to greater employee strain

ABSTRACT It is commonly believed that job autonomy has a positive impact on employee well-being and protects workers from strain. However, an emerging counter-narrative challenges this assumption and identifies ways in which greater job autonomy has negative impacts, especially for jobs that already have substantial autonomy. Contributing to this debate, our longitudinal study disaggregates stable, between-person variation in job autonomy from dynamic, within-person change in job autonomy over a multi-year period with a sample of Church ministers. We argue that experiencing high and stable job autonomy is conceptually distinct from experiencing an increase in one’s job autonomy; the former being positive for worker well-being while the latter often represents a form of role stress. We develop a two-level model tested by a random-intercept crossed-lagged panel analysis. We find that workers with higher job autonomy than others tend to have lower emotional exhaustion at the between-person level. Also at this level, trait positive affect and, more weakly, trait self-efficacy account for variance in aggregate levels of job autonomy and emotional exhaustion. Our model then evidences the counter-view that within-person increases in job autonomy are followed by greater emotional exhaustion. Implications for extending theory on within-person change in well-being are discussed.

Acceptability and preliminary effects of the volunteer-supported Meaningful Moments program to engage older adults with advanced dementia on a hospital-based specialized dementia care unit: a mixed methods study

BackgroundNamaste Care offers practical skills for healthcare providers, volunteers, and families to meaningfully engage individuals with dementia in activities (e.g., music, massage, reminiscing, socialization, aromatherapy, snacks). A hospital-based specialized dementia care unit for patients with mid- to late-stage dementia offered an adapted version of the Namaste Care program, which was called Meaningful Moments. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability and preliminary effects of this novel approach using trained volunteers for older adults with mid- to late-stage dementia.MethodsA mixed methods multiphase design was used. Qualitative description was used to explore acceptability of the Meaningful Moments program delivered over 6 months through focus groups (e.g., charge nurses, therapeutic recreationists, nurses, social workers) and individual interviews with one volunteer and two family members. A prospective pre-post-test study design was used to evaluate the preliminary effects of the program for patients with dementia and family members. Outcomes included quality of life, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and pain for patients with dementia and family carer role stress and the quality of visits for families. Data were collected from June 2018 to April 2019. Descriptive analyses of participants’ characteristics were expressed as a mean (standard deviation [SD]) for continuous variables and count (percent) for categorical variables. Focus group and individual interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The generalized estimating equations (GEE) method was used to assess change in the repeated measures outcome data.ResultsA total of 15 patients received the Meaningful Moments interventions. Families, staff, and volunteers perceived that patients experienced benefits from Meaningful Moments. Staff, volunteers, and families felt fulfilled in their role of engaging patients in the Meaningful Moments program. Individualized activities provided by volunteers were perceived as necessary for the patient population. There were no statistically significant improvements in patient outcomes. There was a statistically significant decline in family carer role stress.ConclusionsUsing a one-on-one approach by volunteers, patients experienced perceived benefits such as improved mood and opportunities for social interactions. There is a need for tailored activities for older adults with advanced dementia through practical strategies that can offer benefit to patients.

Caregiver burden and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in the Nurses' Health Studies.

Psychosocial stress may increase ovarian cancer risk and accelerate disease progression. We examined the association between caregiver burden, a common stressor, and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. We prospectively followed 67,724 women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1992-2012) and 70,720 women in the NHSII (2001-2009) who answered questions on informal caregiving (i.e., caregiving outside of work). Women who reported no informal caregiving were considered non-caregivers while, among women who provided care outside of work, caregiver burden was categorized by time spent caregiving and perceived stress from caregiving. For the 34% of women who provided informal care for ≥15 hours per week, 42% described caregiving as moderately to extremely stressful. Pooled multivariate analyses indicated no difference in ovarian cancer risk for women providing ≥15 hours of care per week compared to non-caregivers (hazard ratio (HR)=0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79-1.18), and no association was evident for women who reported moderate or extreme stress from caregiving compared to non-caregivers (HR=0.96; 95% CI: 0.75-1.22). Together with prior work evaluating job strain and ovarian cancer risk, our findings suggest that, when evaluating a stressor's role in cancer risk, it is critical to consider how the stressor contributes to the overall experience of distress.

Role Stressor, Work Stress and Cyberloafing Behavior: Will They Decrease The Employee Performace?

Purpose – The empirical studies regarding the effect of cyberloafing behavior on employee performance have been widely studied. However, the results of the studies still show inconclusive results. Based on this research gap, this study was conducted to re-examine the influence of role stressors and work stress in explaining cyberloafing behavior that impacts employee performance. Methodology – The test was carried out to examine the empirical model and research hypothesis using the Structural Equation Modeling approach. Employees who work in various industries whose companies are located in the city of Semarang are the respondents of this research collected using a questionnaire consisting of statements developed from variable measurement indicators using closed answers with alternative answers provided on a scale of 1-10. Findings – The test results show that the role stressor has a significant positive effect on work stress. The test results also show that role stressors has proven to have a significant positive effect on cyberloafing behavior, while work stress cannot prove its effect. The research also proves that cyberloafing behavior has a real effect in explaining employee performance. Originality – This research studies the empirical effect of cyberloafing behavior which has not been done by previous research.

Motivations to Enhance One’s Facial Hair: Affiliation, Rivalry, and Stress

Facial hair is a sexually dimorphic trait with potential evolutionary and sociocultural functions. Bearded men are perceived as dominant, aggressive, and masculine, but also as having better parenting skills. Men may intentionally manage the amount and shape of their facial hair as a part of their self-promotion strategy; however, facial hair management entails costs in terms of time, effort, and money. We explored psychological factors associated with facial hair enhancement motivation among men. A total of 414 men (aged 18–40 years) reported the current amount of their facial hair along with their facial hair enhancement motivations, gender role stress, intrasexual competitiveness, and fundamental social motives. Willingness to care for facial hair was associated with the amount of facial hair men claimed to have and correlated with the fundamental social motives of affiliation and social status, intrasexual competition, and gender role stress. Therefore, facial hair enhancement may be regarded as a self-presentation strategy aimed at acquiring a beneficial position in social networks.

Enhancing Work Engagement and Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Study on the Impact of Role Stress, Person-Organization Fit, and Fun at Work

Enhancing Work Engagement and Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Study on the Impact of Role Stress, Person-Organization Fit, and Fun at Work

Whether and how role stressors trigger employee non-green behaviors? The mediating role of emotional exhaustion

Employee non-green behavior (ENGB) is an important obstacle to corporate green transformation; however, existing literature has paid little attention to ENGB. Based on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study establishes a model to explore whether and how role stressors affect ENGB and test the hypothesis using a structural equation model with data for employees. The results show that ENGB can be divided into four dimensions: green ignoring behavior, green exclusionary behavior, green silent behavior and green disregardful behavior. There are significant differences in the effects of the three role stressors on four ENGBs. Among them, role conflict directly induces green ignoring behavior and green exclusionary behavior, while its impact on the other two ENGBs is not significant. However, role ambiguity and role overload indirectly induce four ENGBs through the mediation of emotional exhaustion. These findings provide strong recommendations for corporations to reduce ENGB by mitigating employee role stressors.

Nursing Experience Caring for a Premature Infant With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

A nursing experience supporting parents experiencing anxiety related to their 26+2 weeks preterm infant on continued ventilator assistance at home due to bronchopulmonary dysplasia is described in this article. Data were collected from March 21st to June 1st, 2021 via observation, interviews, clinical care, medical record reviews, and discharge preparation services. A holistic nursing assessment identified the main health issues as: gas exchange disorder, inefficient infant feeding patterns, and caregiver role stress. The parents were encouraged to participate in care activities, create individualized discharge plans, and view health education videos and caregiving skill demonstrations. Kangaroo care, comfortable positioning and soothing techniques were used to stabilize the emotions of the infant and to strengthen the parent-child bond. Psychological support was provided to alleviate parental anxiety and to enhance parenting ability and confidence. This experience supports the importance of tailoring clinical care to individual needs, adopting a family-centered approach, assessing family interactions, and making early preparations to obtain appropriate continuous care after discharge to ensure proper continuum of care.

Disentangling the coping process in White rural men who carry guns.

Affluent White rural men have the highest rates of gun ownership in the United States. However, few studies have specifically examined reasons and motivations for gun ownership and gun behaviors in this population. Therefore, this study sought to examine the relationship between stress variables, namely masculine gender role stress, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and income level, and subsequent pro-gun beliefs and amount of time an individual carried a gun within this population. Results indicated that only two measures of pro-gun beliefs (i.e., believing guns keep one safe, believing guns are present in one's social sphere) were correlated with percentage of time an individual carried. Additionally, ACEs were positively correlated with believing guns influence how others perceive oneself, levels of masculine gender role stress, and income. These results suggest that White rural gun owners who have increased ACEs have decreased income and tend to believe that owning guns impacts their social status with peers. However, increased ACEs do not influence belief about guns keeping one safe, believing guns are present in one's social sphere, or gun carriage. Instead, White rural gun owners without childhood adversity may be more susceptible to believing their safety depends on guns and belongingness within their social sphere. Future research should assess reasons why affluent White rural men find it important to maintain their safety in the context of gun ownership.

The differential effects of sales control systems on salespeople’s role stressors and performance in the pharmaceutical industry

PurposeThis paper aims to identify and report the differential effects of activity control and capability control on role stressors, which subsequently affect salespeople’s job satisfaction and sales performance.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on job demands-resources (JD-R) theory, the authors defined active control and customer demandingness as the job demands and capability control as the job resource, and designed their relationship with role stressors, which are indicated as role ambiguity, role conflict and role overload. The authors enrolled a sample of 223 industrial salespeople from pharmaceutical companies. After collecting the data, the authors used structural equation modeling using AMOS to test and estimate causal relationships along with a two-step approach to examine the interaction effect. The authors have also tested the simple slope of two-way interactions. All of the measured variables were identical to those used in previous studies.FindingsThe study findings indicate that behavior-based control can be counterproductive. Reducing activity control can decrease role stress, increase job satisfaction and improve job performance; increasing capability control, however, can reduce role stress and increase job satisfaction and performance. It is also important to acknowledge the external environment of the sales context in which behavior-based control is most effective: whereas high customer demandingness and capability control are related to reduced role stress, high customer demandingness and activity control are related to increased role stress.Practical implicationsSales managers should recognize that different control management regimes reinforce or mitigate salespeople’s job stressors and outcomes under specific conditions (i.e. work environments marked by higher or lower customer demandingness).Originality/valueDrawing on JD-R theory, the research shows that a behavior control (i.e. activity control and capability control) has differential, and even opposite, psychological consequences.

Postpartum Depression in Fathers: A Systematic Review.

Background/Objectives: Postpartum depression is usually defined as a major depressive episode that occurs shortly after childbirth. This condition is most commonly found in females; however, paternal postpartum depression has begun to attract more research attention. This study aims to identify different instruments for measuring this mental health problem and to detect risk factors as well as the main sources of resilience in paternal postpartum depression. Methods: A literature review was conducted following the PRISMA method. Results: After analyzing 10 articles, it was determined that the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale is the most widely used instrument for the diagnosis of postpartum depression in the female population, and after several studies, it has already been validated for the male sex. After several studies were analyzed to highlight the main risk factors for paternal postpartum depression, it was established that the most influential factor is male gender role stress. These findings highlight the traditional role of fathers today. Most health professionals see the mother as the priority. Conclusions: Paternal depression is a major problem for mothers and fathers today, as well as for the newborn. As time goes on, there is a growing need to incorporate fathers into current and future mental health programs to be able to provide the necessary support.

The role of marginalisation and role stressors in physical education teachers’ perceived mattering

Previous research has revealed that physical education (PE) teachers and their subject are often perceived as undervalued. However, examining the contributing factors and relationships to improve this situation is critical. This study focused on the associations among PE teachers’ perceptions of marginalisation, perceived mattering, and role stress factors. We recruited 208 PE teachers from various regions of Turkey, with a mean age of 36.67 ± 8.18 and a mean teaching experience of 11.34 ± 8.22 years. The data were collected using the Physical Education – Marginalisation and Isolation Scale, the Perceived Mattering Questionnaire – Physical Education, and the Teacher Role Stressors Survey. The findings indicate that role stress factors do not directly predict perceived mattering but exacerbate feelings of marginalisation, which, in turn, negatively predict perceived mattering. The results shed light on the intricate relationships among various factors contributing to marginalisation and suggest potential avenues for improvement. Our findings demonstrate that role stress factors positively and directly predict marginalisation, which, in turn, is negatively related to both teacher mattering and PE mattering. The results also reveal that role stress factors significantly and indirectly predict perceived mattering through the mediating role of marginalisation. The model results indicate that the marginalisation of teachers is a significant predictor of both PE mattering and teacher mattering, and it plays a mediating role in the relationship between role stress factors and teachers’ perceived mattering.

The Effect Of Role Stress On Auditor Performance With Psychological Well-Being As Moderation Variables In BPKP Makassar

Role stress is a condition where a person experiences pressure while carrying out his work, role pressure is generally associated with organizational conditions and with the place and position of individuals in the organization. This study aims to examine the Effect of Role Stress on Auditor Performance with Psychological Well-Being as a moderation variable at the Makassar City BPKP Office. The data in this study was obtained from the Auditors of the BPKP Makassar City Office who were willing to be respondents. This study used primary and secondary data by conducting direct research in the field by providing questionnaires / statement sheets to 36 respondents. Data analysis techniques are carried out by descriptive statistical analysis and PLS (Partial Least Square). The results showed that Role Stress had a negative and significant effect on Auditor Performance. Role Stress has a positive effect on Auditor Performance which is strengthened Psychological Well-Being as a Moderation Variable.

The effects of role stressors and smartphone interactions on delivery riders’ unsafe behaviors during the delivery process in China

Objectives. Although some studies have shown role stressors can lead to unsafe behaviors, it is unclear how role stressors induce delivery riders’ unsafe behaviors. We found that delivery riders suffered from tremendous role stressors during the delivery process and had to conduct frequent smartphone interactions. This study aimed to explore the effects of role stressors and smartphone interactions on delivery riders’ unsafe behaviors. Methods. First, a questionnaire survey (N = 326) was used to collect data, and correlation and regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between role stressors, smartphone interaction frequency and delivery riders’ unsafe behaviors. Second, a scenario survey (N = 35) was conducted, and comparative analysis was used to further explore how smartphone interactions affect delivery riders’ unsafe behaviors. Results. The questionnaire survey revealed that role stressors, smartphone interaction frequency and delivery riders’ unsafe behaviors were positively correlated. In addition, the role stressors forced delivery riders to conduct necessary and unnecessary smartphone interactions. The scenario survey found that smartphone interactions reduced delivery riders’ motion speed and motion ability, and increased their psychology, so they had a risk-taking mentality, which led to an increase in unsafe behaviors.

Expatriates’ boundary-spanning: double-edged effects in multinational enterprises

AbstractExpatriates typically perform boundary-spanning to address challenges related to functional, linguistic, and cultural variations within multinational enterprises (MNEs), which in turn influences their relationships with host-country employees. Integrating social capital and role theory perspectives, this study explores the relational dynamics between expatriates and host-country employees by developing a novel theoretical framework that examines the double-edged effects of expatriates’ boundary-spanning. We propose that expatriates’ boundary-spanning nurtures mutual trust between expatriates and host-country employees, further facilitating expatriates’ identification with subsidiaries and host-country employees’ identification with MNEs. On the other hand, we propose that boundary-spanning increases expatriates’ role stressors, causing expatriates’ emotional exhaustion and outgroup categorization by host-country employees. We further categorize expatriates’ boundary-spanning into three types (functional, linguistic, and cultural) and theorize about their varying effects on the cognitive and affective bases of mutual trust and on role stressors. With data from 177 expatriate–host-country coworker dyads in Chinese MNEs, our double-edged framework is generally supported. Our findings suggest that cultural boundary-spanning exhibits the strongest double-edged effect, while functional boundary-spanning shows asymmetric effects, with negative outcomes surpassing positive ones, and linguistic boundary-spanning demonstrates the weakest effect. This study offers realistic and comprehensive insights into expatriates’ boundary-spanning, particularly in expatriate–host-country employee relationships.

Was there a way out?: Nexus among domestic violence, stressors, and resources During COVID-19 among the urban middle-class families in Bangladesh

This article examines how different stressors created and aggravated by COVID-19 put urban middle-class families in a situation that leads to domestic violence, particularly in the unavailability of resources to deal with the stressors. A mixedmethod approach with an online questionnaire survey, in-depth interviews, and key informant interviews has been applied for a detailed understanding of the experiences of pandemic-induced stressors and the risk of domestic violence. Based on the Exosystem Factor Theory, the findings resonate that the pandemic created several stressors in urban middle-class families, including fear and anxiety, financial insecurity, gender role stress, disturbed interpersonal relationships, and disrupted support systems. This study further demonstrates that these stressors lead to domestic violence, where external and internal resources, such as alternative financial support, personal traits, women’s agency, rehabilitation support, and government and community support, do not appear to mediate the stressors.
 Social Science Review, Vol. 40(2), December 2023 Page 1-22