Traditional Role Research Articles

Cumha do Mhuinntir a Bharra-Bhric: An Eye-witness Account of Evictions in 1840s Argyll

This article considers two songs by a previously unrecognised Gaelic poet, Catrìona Nic an Fhlèisdeir (Catherine Fletcher), both composed in the period 1839−40 and preserved in the late nineteenth-early twentieth century press. The first is an elegy to the young heir of Innistrinich; the second, which is the main focus of the article, is a lament occasioned by the eviction of tenants on the Barbreck, Lochaweside, estate of Alexander Campbell of Monzie c. 1840. The lament captures a specific moment in time very shortly after the tenants had received notice of their eviction but before the evictions had taken place, and conveys something of the lived experience of this township at this moment of crisis. The article considers how the poet draws on panegyric motifs to praise this flourishing community − rather than to praise individuals – and considers how she expresses her distress, anger, and acceptance, placing her responses within the wider context of the traditional role of women as keeners in Gaelic-speaking society.

Influence of Gender Roles on Career Choices in Kenya

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of gender roles on career choices in Kenya. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Traditional gender roles in Kenya steer men toward fields like engineering and leadership, while women gravitate toward caregiving roles such as teaching. Societal norms and limited access to education, especially in rural areas, reinforce these stereotypes. A 2021 study found 70% of participants felt gender expectations shaped their career paths. Efforts like STEM programs for girls are challenging these norms, but progress is slow. Achieving equitable career opportunities requires breaking these stereotypes and promoting choice based on ability and interest. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social role theory, gender schema theory & expectancy-value theory may be used to anchor future studies on analyze the influence of gender roles on career choices in Kenya. Practically, educational institutions must implement gender-neutral career counseling programs that provide all students with equal opportunities to explore a wide range of career options, irrespective of their gender. Policy interventions should focus on addressing systemic gender inequalities in the workforce

Preservation and Transmission of Musical Instruments of Ethnic Minorities in Northwestern Guangxi

This study focuses on the preservation and transmission of ethnic minority musical instruments in northwest Guangxi. The study employed a qualitative research methodology that focused on how these instruments’ performance contexts and functions have evolved in response to modern influences. Drawing on ethnomusicology research theory, fieldwork, and interviews, the study investigates the roles of government promotion, tourism development, and modern technology in shaping the contemporary usage of instruments such as the Biandan, Tonggu, and Sixianhu. The research highlights the balance between preserving traditional cultural roles and adapting to new functions, particularly as tourism and entertainment become central to economic development in the region. Additionally, it examines how modern technology, through platforms like Douyin, facilitates the transmission of musical traditions to broader audiences. The findings underscore the importance of fostering intergenerational connections and embracing contemporary tools for cultural expression while maintaining the cultural integrity of these instruments. This study provides insights into how ethnic minority musical traditions can continue to thrive in a rapidly changing world, ensuring the longevity of northwest Guangxi’s rich musical heritage.

Key stakeholder's attitudes towards the professional accountabilities and responsibilities of newly qualified Pharmacist Independent Prescribers (IPs) in England and enablers to implementation at scale?

BackgroundIndependent prescribing is set to expand amongst community pharmacists in the next few years. This study aims to explore the different accountabilities and responsibilities associated with independent prescribing compared to more traditional pharmacist roles. ObjectiveTo inform commissioning frameworks that will allow independent prescribing by community pharmacists to be commissioned safely and appropriately at scale. Design/MethodologyA series of qualitative semi-structured interviews were undertaken with key stakeholders. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis, and over-arching themes developed from emergent findings. ConclusionsThis study identified three themes, supported by twelve sub-themes, associated with pharmacist independent prescribing being viewed positively. Those three themes were self, environment and competence. Whilst pharmacists are well placed through their initial education and training to undertake a prescribing role, we found that there are perceived differences in responsibility between a prescribing and a non-prescribing role, attitude towards risk and the training and support need to adapt to those changes. These differences are explored leading to a series of overarching themes and recommendations, including that ongoing support is critical and should be built into commissioning frameworks, that newly qualified prescribers need to start prescribing immediately after qualifying and that experiential learning should be built into all training programmes.

The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Mental Health Nursing Practice: An Integrative Review.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly used in delivering mental healthcare worldwide. Within this context, the traditional role of mental health nurses has been changed and challenged by AI-powered cutting-edge technologies emerging in clinical practice. The aim of this integrative review is to identify and synthesise the evidence of AI-based applications with relevance for, and potential to enhance, mental health nursing practice. Five electronic databases (CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus) were systematically searched. Seventy-eight studies were identified, critically appraised and synthesised following a comprehensive integrative approach. We found that AI applications with potential use in mental health nursing vary widely from machine learning algorithms to natural language processing, digital phenotyping, computer vision and conversational agents for assessing, diagnosing and treating mental health challenges. Five overarching themes were identified: assessment, identification, prediction, optimisation and perception reflecting the multiple levels of embedding AI-driven technologies in mental health nursing practice, and how patients and staff perceive the use of AI in clinical settings. We concluded that AI-driven technologies hold great potential for enhancing mental health nursing practice. However, humanistic approaches to mental healthcare may pose some challenges to effectively incorporating AI into mental health nursing. Meaningful conversations between mental health nurses, service users and AI developers should take place to shaping the co-creation of AI technologies to enhance care in a way that promotes person-centredness, empowerment and active participation.

The Role of Oral Tradition in Character Formation (Case Study of Mo'odulele Poems in Rawa Lopa, Southeast Sulawesi. Indonesia)

The Role of Oral Tradition in Character Formation (Case Study of Mo'odulele Poems in Rawa Lopa, Southeast Sulawesi. Indonesia)

Mainstreaming Conservative Ideas Through Media Coverage

This study examines how Croatian online media coverage of the “Be Manly” men’s rights movement contributed to mainstreaming conservative ideas. “Be Manly” emerged in 2022 as a Catholic men’s movement conducting public prayer protests to advocate for male authority and traditional gender roles. Using critical discourse analysis, this research analyzed 72 articles from five major online news outlets (Index.hr, Jutarnji.hr, 24sata.hr, Večernji.hr, and Dnevno.hr) during the movement's first year. The findings reveal an ideological divide: Index.hr and Jutarnji.hr demonstrated negative coverage, while 24sata.hr, Večernji.hr, and Dnevno.hr portrayed the movement positively. However, all outlets participated in mainstreaming conservative ideas through three mechanisms: temporal-spatial normalization, agenda setting, and trivialization. This study provides the first systematic analysis of media representation of men’s rights activism in Croatia, revealing how ideological bias in media coverage can facilitate the mainstreaming of conservative ideas.

P-955. Single vs. Multiple-Fellow Triaging Systems in a Large Academic Infectious Disease Service – A Quality Improvement Project

Abstract Background The Yale New Haven Hospital (YNHH) is a large academic center with 3 Infectious Diseases (ID) consult services (General, Heme-Onc, and Transplant ID), each staffed by 1 fellow and attending physician. In the traditional consult triaging system, one fellow receives all the consults, often ≥15/day, and assigns them to each ID service. Fellows alternate the triaging duty during the week, resulting in 2-3 triaging days/week/fellow. Our program review identified that this system was a significant source of burnout and contributed to prolonged work hours, which prompted a QI project to address these concerns. Traditional and New Proposed Triaging Systems at YNHH Methods We designed an 8-question survey to assess the effect of triaging on the fellows’ workload, performance and mental health (anxiety and burnout). 2 interventions changed the consult triage workflow: i) The ID consult order on the electronic medical record was reformatted to require that primary providers select an ID subspecialty service, and ii) We eliminated the traditional triage role by asking the YNHH call center to route service-specific consults to the appropriate ID fellow (Figure 1). We conducted the pre-intervention survey in November 2023. The interventions took place in December 2023. The survey was repeated in February 2024. Pre and post-intervention surveys Results 7 (100%) and 6 fellows (86%) completed the pre and post-intervention surveys (Figure 2). In the pre-intervention survey, 57% reported frequently experiencing interruptions, and 57% reported an average of 15-25 interruptions/day. 86% stated that the traditional system contributed to a little or some anxiety, and 100% that it caused some or a lot of burnout. 57% replied that it contributed to some or a lot of impaired patient care. In the post-intervention survey, 17% reported frequently experiencing interruptions, and 67% reported an average of < 5 interruptions/day. 50% stated that the new system contributed to a little or some anxiety, and 50% said that it caused some or a lot of burnout. 17% replied that it contributed to some or a lot of impaired patient care. Conclusion A switch from a single-fellow to a multiple-fellow triaging system in our ID division led to decreased interruptions, decreased feelings of anxiety and burnout, and reduced perceptions of impaired patient care. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

The Irreplaceable Role: Exploring the Last Job in IT in the Age of AI

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and automation has transformed industries across the globe, leading to significant disruptions in traditional job roles. The IT sector, as a frontrunner in technological innovation, is particularly affected by these developments. However, amidst the rise of AI-driven automation, certain roles in IT remain irreplaceable due to their reliance on uniquely human capabilities such as creativity, empathy, ethical judgment, and strategic thinking. This paper explores the concept of "The Last Job in IT" by analysing the evolving role of AI in IT professions, identifying jobs most resistant to automation, and hypothesizing what might constitute the final human-centric role in this domain. Through literature reviews, trend analysis, and case studies, the research sheds light on the future of work in IT and provides a roadmap for professionals to future-proof their careers.

There's More to Being a Provider: Qualitative Exploration of Marriage Socialization of African-American men

Objective: The current study explores how African-American men are socialized about marriage. Background: The literature on African-American men and marriage largely focuses on attitudes toward and motivation to marry, paying little attention to how they come to form their attitudes that drive their motivation. It is important to understand how African-American men are socialized on the topic of marriage to provide a point of intervention and prevention for service providers and policy makers. Method: Focus groups were conducted with 17 African-American men between the ages of 24 and 35 years. They were asked semistructured questions that inquired about how, from whom, and what messages they learned about marriage. Results: Thematic analysis revealed that the men learned about marriage via implicit and explicit messages from their kinship network and media. Three themes emerged regarding messages about marriage: (a) Adherence to traditional gender roles, (b) Basing marriage on religion and spirituality, and (c) Importance of maintaining the family unit at all costs. Conclusion: The findings elucidate competing messages between western norms and Afrocentric norms of marriage and manhood, specific to the definition and operationalization of the provider role of men in marriage. Implications: The findings provide specific points of intervention and inquiry for clinicians and scholars whose work is with African-American men on the issues of marriage, gender roles, and masculine identity development.

Psychosocial Differences Between Female and Male Students in Learning Patterns and Mental Health-Related Indicators in STEM vs. Non-STEM Fields

This study explores psychosocial differences in mental health indicators and learning patterns between male and female students to promote inclusion and equality in university classrooms, focusing on STEM and non-STEM fields. Using a holistic approach, five learning dimensions comprising a diversity-in-learning (DinL) construct were analyzed: Coping with Difficulties, Effort, Autonomy, Understanding/Career Interest, and Social Context. Psychosocial predictors, including paternal and maternal parenting patterns, were also examined. Data were collected through a questionnaire completed by 2443 students from 83 undergraduate and postgraduate programs. Results indicated that male students reported higher levels of autonomy, while female students reported experiencing more mental health difficulties related to learning. Gender differences in learning dimensions were more pronounced in non-STEM fields. Parental influences also differed, with fathers and mothers shaping male and female students’ learning patterns in ways that reflect traditional gender roles. The findings highlight the lasting effects of gender roles on learning habits and psychological challenges in higher education. The study underscores the importance of addressing gender patterns in parenting and education to support more women in pursuing STEM fields, ultimately fostering greater equality and inclusion in academia.

Body narratives in the film Marry My Dead Body: Symbols, Power, History

This paper presents a detailed analysis of the body narrative in the Taiwanese comedy film Marry My Dead Body, exploring how bodily representations serve as a vehicle for examining Taiwan's complex social and cultural contexts. Utilizing Foucault's theory of discourse and power, this study investigates the narrative strategies and power dynamics embedded in the film's portrayal of bodies. The contrasting depictions of human, ghostly, and gendered bodies dissolve conventional fears surrounding ghosts and death, while simultaneously addressing the contentious issue of same-sex marriage. Through the characters Mao Mao and Ming Han, the film reflects Taiwan's intricate social fabric, where traditional and modern gender roles intersect. Mao Mao’s body symbolizes Taiwan's evolving gender culture, while Ming Han's body embodies traditional Chinese gender symbols, making bodily representation a multifaceted carrier of cultural, social, and historical meanings. This analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of gender culture in Taiwan, challenging the conventional view of LGBTQ+ representation in contemporary Taiwanese cinema.

Traditional or alternative wine packaging: a study of consumer choices and perceptions

ABSTRACT Sustainability concerns in the wine sector have resulted in alternative types of wine packaging to traditional glass packaging. This article examines the impact of cultural heritage and environmental awareness on consumer behaviour and purchasing decisions in relation to wine packaging. To investigate this, a wine tasting experiment was carried out on a sample of 211 people in the city of Pécs, in Hungary, to assess consumers’ perceptions, taste perceptions and purchase propensity for 7 types of wine packaging. In order to measure the effect of each type of packaging, the same wine was poured into the same types of packaging. The aim of the experiment was to identify consumers’ attitudes towards traditional packaging and their preferences for alternative options. The results were analysed using factor analysis to identify 2 factor groups for each pack, which were validated using Bartlett's Test and Chi-squared Test. The results show that packaging style and traditionality have a significant impact on consumer preferences, especially for alternatives such as bag-in-box or pouch, which are completely different from the traditional glass bottle. In the case of PET bottles, the packaging itself has a strong explanatory power, which may be explained by its similarity in form to the glass bottle. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that with the help of the we were able to measure the effect of different wine packaging, alongside the role of cultural traditions. Based on the results, it is proposed that wine industry stakeholders should raise consumer awareness of the benefits of environmentally friendly packaging alternatives and take measures to reduce the environmental impact of traditional glass bottles.

Exploring Factors Influencing Depression: Socioeconomic Perspectives Using Machine Learning Analytics

Depression is a widespread mental health disorder with significant societal impacts, and while socioeconomic status (SES) is a well-established determinant, limited research has explored the unique factors influencing depression in South Korea, such as educational pressure, long working hours, and traditional gender roles. Using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) collected in 2014, 2016, 2018, 2020, and 2022, this study analyzed 24,308 participants to examine the relationship between SES and depression. Depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and twelve socioeconomic variables, including income, education, marital status, and working hours, were assessed using logistic regression models. The findings revealed that monthly income, age, marital status, and weekly working hours were significant predictors of depression, with higher income levels unexpectedly associated with greater depression scores, potentially due to increased stress. Gender, household size, and educational attainment were also notable contributors. This study underscores the complex interplay of SES factors and depression in South Korea’s distinct sociocultural context and highlights the need for mental health policies addressing both economic and psychological stressors, particularly for higher income individuals and women. Future research should further explore these dynamics to develop culturally sensitive mental health interventions.

Lost opportunities: How gendered arrangements harm men

Traditional gendered arrangements—norms, roles, prejudices, and hierarchies—shape every human life. Associated harms are primarily framed as women’s issues due to more severe consequences women face. Yet, gendered arrangements also shape men’s relationships, career paths, and health. Current work on gender equity overlooks men’s perspectives. Despite benefits they gain from out-ranking women, men’s position paradoxically entraps them in restrictive roles, compelling them to prioritize dominance. An inclusive framework challenges prevailing narratives by considering personal costs borne by men. Identifying with a man’s traditional role is a mixed privilege, as five gendered arrangements show for men who subscribe to them: 1. Masculine norms can restrict men’s choices and are associated with adverse health trajectories; 2. Some men’s disengagement from communal roles denies them positive outcomes associated with caring for others; 3. Hostile sexism fosters antipathy, fueling tension in some men’s interactions with women; 4. Benevolent sexism forces some men into scripted interactions, preventing genuine connections and burdening them with unrealistic breadwinner and protector roles; 5. Societal shifts in gender hierarchies can elicit threat responses in men, depending on intersections with social class and racial identities. Understanding costs to men calls for more empirical research. Gender equity for men, whose circumstances differ from those of women, would enable men to make informed choices and achieve better outcomes for themselves—paralleling the progress women have made in many areas of life. Striving for equity for all genders can ultimately enhance overall human well-being.

Reader-Text Interaction: A Feminist Analysis in Pride and Prejudice

In literary studies, reader-text interaction is seen as a dynamic process in which the reader interprets the text through personal experience, cultural background, and other factors, while the text guides the reader's understanding and feelings through its narrative style, characterization, and other elements. Feminism, on the other hand, is a theoretical framework that focuses on gender equality and challenges traditional gender roles. In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen demonstrates the expectations and restrictions placed on women by the society of the time through her carefully constructed plot and distinctive female characters. The novel also expresses women's desire for self-knowledge, independence, and the right to love. By analyzing these elements, this paper reveals how readers can engage in a dialogue with the author through the text, understand and reflect on the feminist ideas in the work, and deepen their understanding of gender relations and the status of women in modern society.

American and Canadian professional accounting traditions

This article compares the development of the American and Canadian accounting professions from the last quarter of the nineteenth century to 2023 and the role of national traditions in shaping these developments. Larson's and Abbott's sociological theories of professions were used to understand the evolutions of each country's professional accounting. The USA stayed with the CPA designation for the entire study; Canada had three major professional accounting programmes that merged in 2012 into the CPA. The USA and Canada had some common traditions: a public accounting base that emphasised preparing quality candidates through formal education, experience, credentialism and continuing education. They have also followed differing paths as the profession has been defined, some of which reflected their differing national traditions. Our contribution is to show how these national traditions led to the actual evolution of the accounting professions in each country and the similarities and differences between them.

A Comparative Analysis of Indian and Chinese Women’s Attitudes Toward Family, Childbearing, and Gender Norms

This paper examines the attitudes of Indian women toward family, childbearing, work outside the home, and proscribed gender norms, comparing them to women in China. The paper compares the two countries, noting that while they have experienced similar fertility declines, India has much lower female labor force participation rates. The paper explores the historical and cultural factors that influence these differences, including the legacy of socialist policies in China and the persistence of traditional gender roles in both countries. The research uses data from several waves of the World Values Survey to analyze women’s beliefs and values, comparing them across demographics and exploring the relationship between these attitudes and individual characteristics. The paper ultimately aims to understand the drivers of these differences and their implications for gender equality and social development in both countries.

Perceived fairness and legitimacy of parental workplace discrimination

ABSTRACT Parental discrimination has been shown to be related to several risks, including impaired health, increased job stress, and decreased job satisfaction, which calls for increased awareness of parental discrimination. This paper analyzes fairness and legitimacy judgments of unequal treatment based on parental status at work and the antecedents that influence these judgments. Stereotypes of symbolic vilification that suggest lower commitment due to caring responsibilities, and symbolic amplification, which refers to rational economic organizational needs, are expected to rationalize discrimination. Moreover, we expect specific values and ideologies to be related to judgments of fairness and legitimacy, mediated by resonance with symbolic vilification and amplification. Analyses are based on survey data from a sample of employees aged between 20 and 45 years (n = 376). Respondents’ evaluations of parental discrimination were measured using two fictional cases. The results suggest that greater acceptance of vilifying and amplifying justifications is triggered by a stronger preference for the ideal worker norm and traditional gender role expectations. Women tend to view discrimination as more unfair and illegitimate than men, while men’s judgments are more strongly driven by economic reasoning.

Intergenerational grounding of women’s environmental non-migration

This study examines the impact of intergenerational learning and intellectual capital on women’s voluntary decisions to remain in place despite environmental risks. By investigating how women experience the decision to stay through intergenerational knowledge transfer, we analyze the adaptability of communities facing climate-driven livelihood challenges and the intricate socio-ecological factors that tie individuals to their homes. Through life-story interviews with 70 women from 25 households in five environmental hazard-prone sites in Bangladesh, the study reveals nuanced patterns of traditional gender roles that both support and limit women’s autonomy in making mobility choices. Although mobility decisions vary across site and scale, systemic issues such as arranged child marriage, financial instability, (traditional) home-bound duties, male authority over mobility decisions, and gendered expectations consistently emerged as barriers to women’s (non-)migration, even when they aspired to leave. Thus, this research offers insights into gendered (non-)migration and its intergenerationality, which is inevitable in developing sustainable adaptation pathways.