Traditional Role Research Articles

Perceptions of family values and gender norms in China: impact of global and domestic media

This study investigates how contemporary Chinese residents differ in their views on gender and the family, facilitated by multivariate analysis. The main categories of the study are patrilineality, filial piety and gender norms in the family. The achievement of the formulated research objective is ensured through the identification of the potential significance of demographic factors and personal parameters of the survey participants. The analysis of the covariance method was used to see if there was a statistically significant difference between the independent groups after the covariates. According to the results of the multidimensional analysis for three models and five dependent variables, predictors related to generational affiliation, gender and rural or urban residence demonstrate their unique influence on the manifestation of family values and readiness to adhere to traditional gender roles. The predictor of content consumption produced by global media outlets was found to be statistically significant in the study.

"It was really helpful for me, and at the same time it was really tough": a qualitative study among Afghan peer refugee helpers in Greece.

Aid workers with a refugee background are increasingly engaged in the humanitarian field. These individuals, known as peer refugee helpers (PRHs), contribute to providing psychosocial support for other refugees. However, few studies have focused on the mental health and wellbeing of PRHs. This study aims to investigate the experiences of PRHs of Afghan origin in the humanitarian field in Greece. Seven focus group interviews took place in a hybrid format, online or in-person. PRHs of Afghan origin (N = 18), working for various Aid/Humanitarian Organizations (AOs), participated. Data was analyzed using template analysis. The analysis identified job resources reflected in the dimensions of sense of coherence (meaningfulness, manageability, comprehensibility) and job demands associated with role overload, role conflict, and role boundaries. Gender differences were noticeable. Specifically, female PRHs experienced empowerment, through accessing new opportunities often not available within Afghan communities. Female PRHs frequently reported going against traditional gender roles and faced negative reactions from their peers. Male PRHs reported feeling empowered through their engagement as a PRH, as it helped them fulfill their personal goals, such as becoming a good example within their families or communities. Recommendations for policymakers and AOs based on the study results include: (1) Offer training, supervision, and psychosocial support for PRHs to enhance work engagement and prevent emotional exhaustion; (2) Address gender differences ensuring the protection and support of female PRHs; (3) Adopt scalable psychosocial interventions to promote agency and a concrete way of engaging with beneficiaries; (4) Formalize job roles outlining responsibilities and expectations for PRHs.

Parent-child interaction frequency: associations with age, sibling presence, and child health.

Parent-child interaction plays a crucial role in child development. This study investigated associations between the frequency of parent-child-interactions and sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, socio-economic status, family structure, number and age of siblings), physical and psychological symptoms in children, and mental health of parents. The frequencies of 11 different parent-child interactions (shared reading, singing, moving, painting, building, puzzle, playing ball, role games, language games, number games and talking about problems) were assessed in 739 children aged 2-6.5 years-old using a standardised parental questionnaire, within a population-based cohort study in Leipzig, Germany. Physical and psychological symptoms were investigated using the HBSC Symptom-Checklist and parental depression symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire. We applied regression analyses to assess associations between variables. Shared reading was the parent-child interaction reported most frequently, with an average occurrence of several times a week. Number games were reported least frequently, with an average occurrency of every two weeks. Fewer parent-child interactions were significantly associated with higher child age, higher number of siblings, presence of older siblings and a lower level of physical and psychological symptoms. The other variables (sex, SES, living situation, presence of younger siblings or both (younger and older), depression symptoms of parents) were not significantly associated with the frequency of parent-child interactions. The findings show that age of children and number as well as age of siblings at home may shape the frequency of parent-child interaction in preschool children. In addition, the findings suggest that parent-child interaction might be related to the health of children rather than the (mental) health of parents. This study assessed the associations between the frequency of different types of parent-child interactions and sociodemographic as well as health-related parameters in a large sample of children. There still exist sex-specific differences in the frequency of parent-child interactions related to traditional role models of girls and boys. A higher frequency of parent-child interactions is associated with more physical and psychological symptoms in children. Parent-child interactions are less frequent in families with more children, especially when older siblings are present.

Conceptual Trends in Internal Audit

The evolution of the economic environment amidst multidimensional changes, i.e. development, globalisation, economic crises, pandemics, stakeholder interest in credible, relevant and transparent information, has led to continuous changes in the framework for doing business. These changes have generated for entities operating in a globalised economic environment business opportunities, significant profits, financial downturns, but also exposure to diverse and complex risks and therefore proactive risk management. From this perspective, internal audit has gradually, over time, become the key actor supporting the entity in achieving its objectives, adding value as well as corporate governance. In this context, the objective of the research is to identify the internal audit trend and related conceptual connotations. The research approach includes a literature review of the Web of Science from Clarivate Analytics. The research involves a systematic analysis on internal auditing, conducted through a quantitative research methodology. The research sample includes 29 articles extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database, covering the publication period 2005-2024. The sample was established after several stages of keyword filtering. This analysis focuses on identifying author affiliations, content of papers, research methods used, and citations and references to highlight significant trends and changes in the field of internal audit. The results demonstrate a concrete and consistent interest in the field of internal audit, highlighting the identification and analysis of significant trends and changes in internal audit practices and roles over time. In addition, it highlights a trend towards a more holistic approach to internal audit that goes beyond its traditional assurance role and extends to providing strategic advice and support to organisations. The research will thus contribute to the identification of future research directions and to a deeper understanding of the role and importance of internal audit in today's economic environment.

The Relevance of Agrarian Reform to the Sustainable Development Goals: Analysis of Community Land Empowerment for Food Sufficiency and Gender Equality through the Fishbone Diagram Method

Abstract: This study aims to examine the state of food sufficiency and gender equality in Purwabakti Village and the relevance of community land empowerment programs in achieving food sufficiency and gender equality. The research follows a qualitative case study approach, collecting data through interviews, observations, and document analysis. Data were analyzed qualitatively using the fishbone diagram method, focusing on four primary variables: human resources, machinery, methods, and materials. Data on malnutrition and stunting indicate that issues of food vulnerability compromise food sufficiency in Purwabakti Village. Furthermore, gender equality remains a challenge within this predominantly patriarchal society. Women tend to fulfill traditional gender roles with domestic responsibilities, while men assume public roles. This patriarchal rural society generally accepts the predominant land ownership by men (as heads of households), reflecting gender inequality. The fishbone diagram analysis indicates that, despite some progress, community land empowerment programs still exhibit limitations in addressing the SDGs, particularly the goals of “zero hunger” and gender equality. Keywords: Access regulation, Rural Communities, Gender inequality, Patriarchal Culture, Woman Empowerment

Skill-Biased Technical Change, Again? Online Gig Platforms and Local Employment

This study explores the impact of online gig platforms like TaskRabbit on the employment of incumbent service workers, focusing on the housekeeping sector. It highlights how TaskRabbit’s entry correlates with a decrease in middle-skilled roles such as supervisors due to automation, whereas low-skilled jobs like janitors remain stable because of their manual nature. Notably, many middle-skilled workers transition to self-employment within the sector instead of facing layoffs. Amidst competing narratives about the gig economy’s influence on labor markets, this research offers critical insights into how gig platforms redistribute the workforce and create new employment opportunities, suggesting significant implications for policymakers and practitioners. Policymakers should recognize the shift from traditional roles to self-employment facilitated by these platforms, which enhances local entrepreneurship. Meanwhile, it is crucial for them to ensure fair working conditions, wages, and benefits. Practitioners can see that gig platforms not only improve operational efficiency but also enable middle-skilled workers to launch their own businesses, indicating a potential strategy for new platforms looking to increase their service offerings and client base. Traditional companies, in response, need to adapt their job designs, incentive structures, and company culture to align with the changing needs for flexibility and autonomy in the gig economy.

Representation of Violence Against Female Characters in Indonesian Horror Novels

This study explores the representation of violence against female characters in Indonesian horror novels, examining how these portrayals reflect societal views on gender and power. By analyzing three popular novels, the research focuses on types of violence—physical, psychological, and symbolic—that female characters experience, aiming to uncover how these depictions critique patriarchal norms. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, the study uses textual analysis alongside a feminist narrative framework to interpret recurring themes and patterns within these narratives. Findings reveal that, while female characters are often portrayed as victims, they also demonstrate moments of resistance and agency, challenging traditional roles and societal expectations. This ambivalent portrayal highlights both the vulnerability and resilience of women, offering insights into the complex dynamics of gender in Indonesian culture. The study concludes that Indonesian horror novels serve as a powerful medium for social critique, using horror to comment on issues of gender-based violence and the potential for women to disrupt oppressive structures. This research emphasizes the role of literature in reflecting and challenging societal norms, particularly regarding the representation of women.

Exploring the Critical Role of Tight Junction Proteins in Kidney Disease Pathogenesis.

Kidney disease poses a significant global health challenge, marked by a rapid decline in renal function due to a variety of causative factors. A crucial element in the pathophysiology of kidney disease is the dysregulation of epithelial cells, which are vital components of renal tissue architecture. The integrity and functionality of these cells are largely dependent on tight junctions (TJ) proteins, complex molecular structures that link adjacent epithelial cells. These TJ not only confer cellular polarity and maintain essential barrier functions but also regulate epithelial permeability. TJ proteins are pivotal in their traditional role at cell junctions and in their non-junctional capacities. Recent research has shifted the perception of these proteins from mere structural elements to dynamic mediators of kidney disease, playing significant roles in various renal pathologies. This review explores the multifaceted roles of TJ proteins, focusing on their functions both within and external to the renal epithelial junctions. It highlights how these proteins contribute to mechanisms underlying kidney disease, emphasizing their impact on disease progression and outcomes. TJ proteins have emerged as significant players in the field of nephrology, not only for their structural role but also for their regulatory functions in disease pathology. Their dual roles in maintaining epithelial integrity and mediating pathological processes make them promising therapeutic targets for kidney disease. Understanding the intricate contributions of TJ proteins in kidney pathology offers potential for novel therapeutic strategies, aiming to modulate these proteins to halt or reverse the progression of kidney disease.

FEMINISM IN SUZANNE COLLINS’ NOVEL THE HUNGER GAMES

This study explores the feminist themes embedded within Suzanne Collins' The Hunger Games, focusing on the character of Katniss Everdeen as a symbol of resistance and empowerment. The research aims to analyze the different types of feminism manifested in the novel, examining how Collins challenges traditional gender roles and societal expectations through her protagonist. The study applies sociology of literature approach, which considers the social context and implications of literary works, and utilizes feminist theories, including liberal and radical feminism, to interpret Katniss’s journey. The findings suggest that Katniss embodies both liberal and radical feminist ideals, using her defiance of oppressive authority to fight for personal freedom and gender equality. Katniss’s actions, from assuming the role of family provider to resisting the Capitol’s control, exemplify the themes of self-determination, independence, and the rejection of traditional gender norms. The portrayal of Katniss as a resourceful and brave figure, often adopting traits typically associated with masculinity, reveals the novel's critique of gender stereotypes and its call for a more inclusive understanding of strength and leadership. Ultimately, The Hunger Games serves as a powerful narrative for discussing feminism, challenging the boundaries of gender roles, and highlighting the potential for individual actions to spark social change.

The Design and Development of Dabujiang Patchwork Embroidery for Modern Bags

Background and Aim: Dabujiang patchwork embroidery, an intangible cultural handicraft with the longest heritage in southern Hunan, has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to its unique characteristics. However, these products are facing a situation of decline because they cannot meet the needs of modern people. The objective of this research article is to design and develop modern bags featuring Dabujiang patchwork embroidery patterns for women in contemporary society. Materials and Methods: This research is a combination of qualitative research and quantitative research. The qualitative research method was used to study the color, pattern, and meaning of characteristics from 54 pieces of 6 theme categories of Dabujiang product pictures. Interview intangible cultural inheritors, designers, bag shop owners, and women consumers to understand modern women's design needs for women's bags. Combining the characteristics of the Dabujiang pattern characteristics with the needs of modern women, the design and development of six new Dabujiang women's bags based on 6 theme categories. Through 424 questionnaires for women to assess the women's favorite new bags and analyze the reasons women like and find out the future trend of women's bag development. Results: The results of the research revealed: 1) The patterns based on the six categories have different symbolic meanings respectively and they are mainly bionic and geometric patterns. The lines are curves, and the layout is generally symmetrical and balanced. 2) There are 11 kinds of common colors and mainly based on the five orthodox colors of Chinese tradition. The main colors are red, blue, yellow, black, and white, representing the five traditional Chinese elements, which extend different meanings. 3) Through interviews find out young women prefer large bags of bag 1 style, the Morandi color scheme, and meanings of happiness, love, career success, luck, wealth, and beauty. Consequently, the researcher designed six bag styles based on bag 1 style and six theme categories to meet the needs of modern women associated with these six meanings. Questionnaire responses from 424 young women showed that 23.58% favored the Phoenix pattern bag style, making it the most preferred among the six new bag designs. This style showcases a phoenix motif in blue, white, and black colors, symbolizing career success. Conclusion: The findings indicate that modern women highly value career success and self-worth, prioritizing independence over traditional roles. This conclusion mainly stems from the transformation of modern women's roles and the awakening of self-awareness. In addition to assuming the role of mother in the family, modern women also play the role of professional women in society, and more and more women regard career success as their pursuit goal. In the context of the changing identity and goals of modern women, the products should be designed that meet the needs of modern women based on their needs, combined with the symbolic meaning of cultural patterns. For future product development, incorporating symbolic patterns that align with the career aspirations of modern young women is recommended.

Interdisciplinary insights into the cultural and chronological context of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.) domestication in Mexico

This study investigates the temporal and spatial factors driving the domestication of Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. in Mexico. This species exhibits the greatest morphological diversity in fruit among Capsicum species-a characteristic that is even more pronounced in contemporary landraces cultivated by indigenous communities. Despite the chili pepper's integral role in regional culinary traditions, its domestication history in this region remains poorly understood, often subject to scholarly interpretations that marginalize or oversimplify archaeological evidence. To address this gap, our interdisciplinary team of archaeologists, botanists, and ecologists combine modern and archaeological Capsicum seed data, diachronic archaeological site locations, and ecological niche modeling to identify potential regions where early human populations and the closest wild ancestors may have coexisted. Our results show spatial correlations between early Capsicum distribution and archaeological site prevalence, suggesting that the beginning of the domestication process occurred in ecologically suitable areas for both wild Capsicum and human settlement. These findings challenge previous hypotheses regarding highland/dry cave domestication regions, as our data indicate that lowland regions-specifically the Yucatán Peninsula and southern coastal Guerrero-were more conducive to early encounters between wild Capsicum and humans. We propose a geographically diffuse and protracted model of chili pepper domestication-driven by a ruderal pathway-which involved at least two asynchronous events across Mexico.

Guns, Thorns, and Zeal: Popular Depictions of a Kombative Christ

What are the political, gender, and theological implications at stake when associating Jesus with modern combat and righteous violence? Jesus is rendered in combative form across media—i.e., live-action films and shorts, animated television, sketch comedy, graphic novels, and video games. This rendition occurs at a confluence of meaning, most immediately for the sake of generating comedy through juxtaposition (in this case, rendering the meek with a sword) and/or reaffirming Jesus’ prominent cultural value through an association with other popularly mediatized entities. Beyond these initial layers of significance, however, I argue that Jesus becomes associated with violence and brutality for the sake of de/legitimizing politically conservative ideologies with respect to Christianity and American exceptionalism, redeeming the crisis of “domesticated masculinity” and fortifying traditional masculine norms, and theologically reinstituting popular paradigms of low Christology. Ideological “manhood” remains traced to one’s ability to perform traditional gender roles (i.e., family provider, community protector, and father/procreator). To capture the discrepancy that Jesus of Nazareth, as presented in canonical gospels, largely concerns none of these roles, I analyze the hypermasculine Christ, and the various weapons he employs, as part of a popular genealogy of Western value systems and discourse. Though in this article I reference some examples of non-American media, I reserve my analysis and commentary for the stakes and implications of what it means for U.S. Americans to produce and consume such content. In short, I submit that popular America idolizes itself in the form—one amidst many—of a naïve, combative, and boorish Christ: an arrogant and, at times, narcissistic man with delusional views of the world made dangerous through invasive power and authority. Western entertainment has deemed the United States (through its fictional stand-ins) as morally failing yet still chosen. Within this logic, American Christians need not reform their ways as long as they cultivate evidence of their exceptionalism.

Detecting and Reducing Gender Bias in Spanish Texts Generated with ChatGPT and Mistral Chatbots: The Lovelace Project

Current Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems can effortlessly and instantaneously generate text, images, songs, and videos. This capability will lead us to a future where a significant portion of available information will be partially or wholly generated by AI. In this context, it is crucial to ensure that AI-generated texts and images do not perpetuate or exacerbate existing gender biases. We examined the behavior of two common AI chatbots, ChatGPT and Mistral, when generating text in Spanish, both in terms of language inclusiveness and perpetuation of traditional male/female roles. Our analysis revealed that both tools demonstrated relatively low gender bias in terms of reinforcing traditional gender roles but exhibited higher gender bias concerning language inclusiveness, at least in the Spanish language. Additionally, although ChatGPT showed lower overall gender bias than Mistral, Mistral provided users with more control to modify its behavior through prompt modifiers. As a final conclusion, while both AIs exhibit some degree of gender bias in their responses, this bias is significantly lower than the gender bias present in their human-authored source materials.

Cinema as a Catalyst for Change: How Indian Film Transforms Traditional Gender Roles and Reflects Evolving Indian Societal Norms

Cinema as a Catalyst for Change: How Indian Film Transforms Traditional Gender Roles and Reflects Evolving Indian Societal Norms

The Interplay Between the MYC Oncogene and Ribosomal Proteins in Osteosarcoma Onset and Progression: Potential Mechanisms and Indication of Candidate Therapeutic Targets

High-grade osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor mainly affecting children and young adults. First-line treatment consists of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin, cisplatin, and methotrexate and surgery. The mean long-term survival rate for localized disease at diagnosis is 65–70%, dropping down to 20% when metastases are present at diagnosis. Therefore, curing OS is a clinical challenge, particularly for patients that do not respond to standard treatments. MYC has frequently been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of OS and its high expression may be associated with drug resistance and patients’ worse prognosis. Moreover, MYC is a master regulator of ribosomal proteins (RPs) synthesis and ribosome biogenesis (RiBi), which is often up-regulated in human tumors. In recent years, RPs have been recognized not only for their traditional role in ribosome assembly but also for their extra-ribosomal functions, many of which are linked to the onset and progression of cancer. In this review we focus on the role and possible interplay of MYC and RPs expression in association with drug resistance and worse prognosis in OS and discuss therapeutic options that target de-regulated MYC, RiBi, or RPs, which are already clinically available or under evaluation in clinical trials.

Redefining Female Identity Through the Female Gaze: A Comparative Analysis of Gender Narratives in Feminist Cinema

Abstract: This paper examines how female directors convey feminist consciousness and challenge traditional gender roles through the female gaze in film. Through film analysis, theoretical research, and case studies, this paper examines how female directors have redefined female roles and narratives in contrast to traditional male perspectives. The conventional male perspective has traditionally objectified and marginalized women with the male gaze in visual expression. However, the female perspective portrays women as complex and multidimensional subjects, breaking the male-dominated narrative paradigm and offering new possibilities for reimagining the image of women on screen. Through a feminist lens, this paper further analyzes how the female perspective resists widespread misogyny and provides a counter-narrative to traditional patriarchal representations. In addition, this study examines how female perspectives from different cultural contexts have advanced feminist film theory globally. By highlighting their unique visual expressions, the study demonstrates how these directors advance feminist discourse through their filmmaking, challenging gender, and cultural norms.

Qualitative study exploring perceptions and experiences of Pharmacy technicians’ professional identity in NHS Scotland

Abstract Introduction Pharmacy technicians worldwide share workplace challenges including: job role; scope of practice; level of pharmacist’ supervision; and education1. In the USA, Canada and many European countries, pharmacy technicians require national or state registration2. In the UK, Pharmacy technicians became registered professionals in 2011, as a means of improving patient safety through compliance with General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC) standards. There are approximately 2,500 pharmacy technicians and 5,500 pharmacists registered with the GPhC in Scotland3. Given the importance of professional identity, and the lack of research exploring pharmacy technicians’ professional affiliation, we explored the perspectives and experiences of pharmacy technicians’ professionalism across Scotland. Aim To explore pharmacy technicians’ perceptions and experiences of their professional status and professional identity. Methods Following West of Scotland Research and Ethics Service Scientific Officer’s approval, Pharmacy technicians from all fourteen Scottish territorial health boards were invited by email using snowball sampling technique to provide a national representation. A draft semi-structured interview was piloted on four pharmacy technicians. Between May and August 2023, 36 pharmacy technicians were recruited: 23 from acute services; mental health (n=1); rehabilitation hospitals (n=1); primary care (n=8); and community pharmacy (n=3). Twenty two participants were interviewed in person and 14 on line. Interviews lasted between 17-91 minutes, were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and accuracy checked, then analysed thematically using a framework approach and NVivo software. Three researchers analysed data including initial coding, categorisation, and theme generation. Any disagreements were discussed and addressed within the research team. Results Seven themes emerged from the data describing pharmacy technicians: feeling stuck in the shadow of pharmacists; underrepresented in policy and practice; and marginalised, undervalued and underpaid. There was frustration at the lack of awareness of pharmacy technician roles amongst the wider healthcare team. Primary care pharmacy technicians were thought to have more opportunities than secondary care colleagues. There was a pervasive feeling that pharmacy technicians were increasingly squeezed between pharmacists and support workers and a lack of confidence and feeling unsupported in the delivery of clinical roles. Pharmacy technicians acknowledged that they may not have used their initiative to take new opportunities, but did not feel they had sufficient clinical and educational opportunities. Catalysts to professional development were recognised including pharmacy technician led management and leadership, readiness to undertake traditional pharmacist roles and the potential positive impact of strengthened professional identity. Interviewees described the absence of a structured, funded career framework, and lack of post-registration higher-level professional qualification as inhibiting increased responsibility and scope of practice. Discussion/Conclusion Professional registration does not appear to have strengthened pharmacy technicians’ professional identity. There is a pervasive lack of development opportunities impacting negatively on pharmacy technicians and therefore, service delivery across Scotland. A review of defined roles is required. A lack of previous qualitative evaluation limits comparisons with the perceptions and experiences of pharmacy technicians worldwide. Findings offer a starting point to inform practice and policy. Further research could explore pharmacy technicians’ perceptions of the potential impact of the emerging career framework on developing roles and responsibilities. Keywords: Pharmacy technician, Professional identity

Disentangling the gender-differentiated determinants of home-based self-employment choices in Nigeria

Abstract Understanding gender disparities in home-based self-employment (HBS) and their links to homeownership and socioeconomic factors is crucial for advancing sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially Nigeria. This study uses data from the 2010/2011, 2012/13, 2015/16, and 2018/19 waves of the Nigerian General Household Survey (GHS). It employs random effect probit regression, the LASSO method for identifying predictors, and the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition technique to analyse gender differences in nonlinear binary outcomes. The results show that female business owners are more likely to engage in HBS compared to males, highlighting the importance of gender equality (SDG 5) and decent work (SDG 8). While male entrepreneurs are mainly driven by profit, females prioritise balancing paid and unpaid work, reflecting motivations beyond profit within heterodox economics. Significant gender-differentiated impacts are observed in relation to monthly rent, post-secondary education, dwelling space, energy, and regional locations. Notably, the presence of children significantly increases female involvement in HBS, a trend not seen among males. Marriage also influences female participation, suggesting that marital circumstances and economic benefits play a role. These findings highlight the need for policies addressing gender-specific constraints, challenging traditional gender roles, and promoting inclusive human development within the SDG framework.

The Evolution of Women's Roles and Status in Chinese Modern-Themed Films and Television Shows Between 2014 and 2024

Abstract: This paper devotes to study the changes in the role status and positioning of female characters in the context of modern Chinese film and television shows in the last ten years. This paper is based on the literature research method, case study, and comparative analysis method. Papers in related fields are studied to analyze the differences in the status and positioning of female characters in film and television works in various periods. In conclusion, this research finds that the evolution of female roles in modern Chinese film and television is a testament to the awareness and appreciation of gender diversity and female empowerment. As society continues to develop, future productions will embrace and celebrate the richness of women's careers and family lives. The film and television industry will continue to challenge and redefine traditional gender roles. The industry's response to audience feedback and the need for more realistic representations of women will elicit further innovation and diversity in the representation of female characters on screen.

Family Influence and Social Conditioning: Exploring Chinese High School Students' Perspectives on Gender Differences

This study examines how family structure and social conditions shape Chinese high school students' perceptions of gender roles and expectations for future gender equality. Conducted through qualitative interviews at a Beijing international school, the research finds that students from egalitarian families tend to have less traditional gender role perceptions, while those from traditional families often reinforce stereotypes. External influences, including peers, societal norms, and media, also significantly impact these views. Despite a general desire for gender equality, many students remain concerned about persistent societal biases. The findings underscore the need for policies that promote gender equality from both family and societal perspectives.