Role Of Strength Research Articles

Am I outdated? The role of strengths use support and friendship opportunities for coping with technological insecurity

In the digital era, the prevalent integration of new technologies in work processes gives rise to employees' perceptions of technological insecurity. Such technology-induced strain poses new challenges to occupational health and safety and needs to be better understood in order to be prevented. Based on Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, we investigate to which extent the negative effect of technological insecurity on perceived health depends upon the availability of non-technology-related resources in the workplace. Specifically, we argue that employees who experience two key organizational resources, i.e. organizational support for strengths use and friendship opportunities, are better suited to cope with these modern forms of strain. We hypothesize that those resources reinforce each other in such way that employees' coping capabilities rise and health issues decrease. For hypothesis testing, time-lagged hierarchical moderated regression analysis is conducted. The study sample consists of 8019 German employees. Results support our assumption that accumulating resources create an intensified buffering effect, which surpasses the additive buffering effects of individual resources. Under the condition of high support for strengths use and high friendship opportunities, technological insecurity does no longer show a negative relationship with employees’ time-lagged health. By using post-stratification weights, these results apply to 33.3 million employees in Germany having access to Information and Communication Technologies.

Physical outcome measures: The role of strength and range of motion in orthopaedic research

Outcome measures are the indispensable mean through which different interventions are compared in research. The increase in volume that orthopaedic research has experienced in the last years has provided an extensive list of outcomes to choose from. Historically, attention has been focused mainly in morbidity as well as physician reported clinical outcomes, however there is a trend towards the use of patient reported outcomes. We intent to review the inherent characteristics and current applicability of two of the most representative physical outcome measures used in orthopaedics: Range of Motion (ROM) and Strength.

Identification and localization tasks reveal the role of strength of association in Stroop and reverse Stroop effects

Identification and localization tasks reveal the role of strength of association in Stroop and reverse Stroop effects

Evaluation of isokinetic muscle strength of upper limb and the relationship with pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in stable COPD patients.

BackgroundUpper limb muscle strength plays an important role in respiratory and pulmonary function, and limited research focuses on the role of strength and endurance of the elbow extensor and flexor. This study was conducted to accurately assess upper limb muscle function and quantified associations with pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, patients with stable COPD treated in Yue-Yang Integrative Medicine Hospital from March 2014 to March 2016 were recruited. All participants underwent a pulmonary function test (forced expiratory volume in first second/forced vital capacity, FEV1/FVC; percentage value of predicted FEV1, FEV1%pred), a respiratory muscle strength test (maximal inspiratory pressure, MIP; maximal expiratory pressure, MEP), and an isokinetic test of dominant upper limb after a 24-hr interval (peak torque, PT; PT/body weight, PT/BW; total work, TW; endurance ratio, ER).ResultsA total of 88 patients with stable COPD (age: 65.5±8.7 years) were recruited, of which 73% (64 patients) were male. In the multiple stepwise regression analysis, sex remained as significant impactors in the final model for FEV1%pred (adjusted R2=0.243, P<0.001). Elbow flexor PT/BW and ER, sex, and BMI remained as significant impactors in the final model for FEV1/FVC (adjusted R2=0.255, P<0.01). Elbow flexor TW remained as significant impactors for MIP (adjusted R2=0.112, P=0.001), while elbow extensor PT and PT/BW and sex remained as significant impactors for MEP (adjusted R =0.385, P<0.01).ConclusionIn stable COPD, pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength are associated with upper limb muscle strength. In particular, elbow flexor endurance is likely an important impactor for pulmonary function and inspiratory muscle strength, while elbow extensor strength is of importance for expiratory muscle strength.

Development and Experimental Characterization of Fibre Metal Laminates to Predict the Fatigue Life

During the last two decades, the concept of Fibre Metal Laminates (FMLs) has been evolved to find solution to the requirement of improving mechanical properties and reducing structural weight of elemental components of aircraft structures. In this work FML is prepared using Al 2024 by placing alternately with glass/carbon/aramid Fibres. From experimental results of FML shows greater advantage in mechanical properties then aluminium monolithic layer and this composite fibre laminates individual. The FMLs tested in this work were made of 3 layers of 2024 T3 aluminium alloy 0.28 mm thickness and fibre mats. The 5-3/2 laminates of size 300x300 mm with 3 mm thick were prepared using Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding (VARTM) in cold compaction and test specimen were cut by using abrasive water jet machining as per ASTM Standards. The adhesion between fibre and metal layer will play a major role in strength of FML. By keeping this in consideration FMLs were prepared without blow holes and capable of withstanding delamination while preparing specimens through water jet and during various tests employed. The fracture surfaces of destructed specimens are studied with help Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image. Similarly, the numerical simulation of all the tests were done using Ansys APDL 10.0 Software. It is observed that aramid FML have substantially stronger in longitudinal directions. Hence, more priority given in this paper to investigate tensile strength and fatigue life of aramid FML.

Access the Suitability of Local Soil and Demolishing Waste for Rammed Earth

Rammed earth is an ancient building technique used in many regions of the world using natural raw materials such as earth, chalk, lime or gravel. It is a monolithic construction and the process involves compact the soil in progressive layers in a rigid formwork. The paper focusing on the use of locally available material which are not energy intensive. Also demolishing waste and flyash is used to replace the natural sand. The properties of cement stabilized rammed earth was studied in terms of density and strength. The effect of varying percentage of demolishing waste, flyash and their effect to increase of unconfined compressive strength is studied. The rammed samples were made and stabilised with cement at fix percentages of cement as 8 %. Based on the results of this study and from the earlier investigations it is clear that the clay content predominantly in non swelling soil is an important parameter of rammed earth to improve bond strength. Also the presence of courser material such as gravel and sand is play an important role in strength gaining is noted.

Sensitive determination of silicon contents in low-alloy steels using micro laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted with laser-induced fluorescence

Silicon element plays an important role in strength and hardness improvement in steels, but is harmful for ductility, tenacity, and anti-corrosion. Therefore, silicon content should be fast determined in steel manufacture to keep silicon in moderation. In this work, micro laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted with laser-induced fluorescence (μLIBS-LIF) was proposed to sensitively determine silicon in low-alloy steels. The mechanism and excitation selection of laser-induced silicon atomic fluorescence in laser-induced plasma were discussed. Under 10 µm laser-ablated scatters, the results showed that μLIBS-LIF had analytical performance with R2 of 0.9998, LoD of 2.8 μg g−1, and RMSECV of 63 μg g−1, significantly better than μLIBS under their respective optimal conditions. The analytical sensitivity in μLIBS-LIF was even better than macro LIBS in others’ works. As our best knowledge, the silicon LoD in LIBS technique was improved to better than 10 μg g−1 in steel matrix for the first time. This work demonstrates μLIBS-LIF as a capable and potential approach for fast determining silicon element in steel industries.

Learning in an interactive simulation tool against landslide risks: the role of strength and availability of experiential feedback

Abstract. Feedback via simulation tools is likely to help people improve their decision-making against natural disasters. However, little is known on how differing strengths of experiential feedback and feedback's availability in simulation tools influence people's decisions against landslides. We tested the influence of differing strengths of experiential feedback and feedback's availability on people's decisions against landslides in Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India. Experiential feedback (high or low) and feedback's availability (present or absent) were varied across four between-subject conditions in a tool called the Interactive Landslide Simulation (ILS): high damage with feedback present, high damage with feedback absent, low damage with feedback present, and low damage with feedback absent. In high-damage conditions, the probabilities of damages to life and property due to landslides were 10 times higher than those in the low-damage conditions. In feedback-present conditions, experiential feedback was provided in numeric, text, and graphical formats in ILS. In feedback-absent conditions, the probabilities of damages were described; however, there was no experiential feedback present. Investments were greater in conditions where experiential feedback was present and damages were high compared to conditions where experiential feedback was absent and damages were low. Furthermore, only high-damage feedback produced learning in ILS. Simulation tools like ILS seem appropriate for landslide risk communication and for performing what-if analyses.

How do muscle and bone strengthening and balance activities (MBSBA) vary across the life course, and are there particular ages where MBSBA are most important?

This narrative review focuses on the role of strength and balance activities throughout the lifecycle to improve physical capacity and reduce all-cause mortality. The evidence suggests strong associations in middle and older age, with poor balance, poor strength or poor physical function having strong associations with mortality. Currently in the UK, the proportions of adults (69% of men and 76% of women) not meeting the strength and balance guidelines (of 2 or more sessions/week) is concerning. This report identifies specific time points in the lifecycle where specific promotion of and engagement with strength and balance activities would be most beneficial for health: 18-24y to maximize bone and muscle mass gains, 40-50y to maintain strength and reduce that downward cycle, and over 65s to preserve balance and strength and maintain independence). This review also suggests specific transition points/events in life where there may be an increase in sedentary behaviour or loss of muscle function (pregnancy, menopause, onset of on diagnosis of disease, retirement, on becoming a carer and following hospitalization), where it would be useful to initiate additional strength and balance exercises to improve future health outcomes.

Initiation and Tolerance of Macro-Damage of First Ply (FBF) in a Process of Damaging of Hybrid Multi-Ply Structures Due to Reinforcement Archtecture

Abstract The objective of this paper was study and analysis of damaging process of multi-ply structure applied in dentistry. The aim was to analyze and experimentally evaluate tolerance of macro-damage of first ply (FPF - first ply failure) of multi-ply composite. A studied structure of composite makes a carrying structure for dental applications e.g. adhesive bridges. Influence of reinforcement structure on the residual carrying capacity of the studied multi-ply materials has been demonstrated. It has been shown that the type of fiber and fiber ribbon architecture play a major role in strength of studied reinforcements. Structures included in the study differ by the moment of macro-damage occurrence, carrying capacity and residual stiffness.

Interindividual differences among native right-to-left readers and native left-to-right readers during free viewing task

ABSTRACTHuman visual exploration is not homogeneous but displays spatial biases. Specifically, early after the onset of a visual stimulus, the majority of eye movements target the left visual space. This horizontal asymmetry of image exploration is rather robust with respect to multiple image manipulations, yet can be dynamically modulated by preceding text primes. This characteristic points to an involvement of reading habits in the deployment of visual attention. Here, we report data of native right-to-left (RTL) readers with a larger variation and stronger modulation of horizontal spatial bias in comparison to native left-to-right (LTR) readers after preceding text primes. To investigate the influences of biological and cultural factors, we measure the correlation of the modulation of the horizontal spatial bias for native RTL readers and native LTR readers with multiple factors: age, gender, second language proficiency, and age at which the second language was acquired. The results demonstrate only weak or no correlations between the magnitude of the horizontal bias and the previously mentioned factors. We conclude that the spatial bias of viewing behaviour for native RTL readers is more variable than for native LTR readers, and this variance could not be demonstrated to be associated with interindividual differences. We speculate the role of strength of habit and/or the interindividual differences in the structural and functional brain regions as a cause of the RTL spatial bias among RTL native readers.

Roles of strength of materials in manufacturing industries

Roles of strength of materials in manufacturing industries

The role of strengths in anger and conduct problems in maltreated adolescents

Despite multi-type maltreatment, some individuals demonstrate positive adaptation and continue to develop in a healthy way. A multitude of strength factors have been linked to adaptive functioning and resilience, but this has not been adequately examined in maltreated adolescent’s psychosocial functioning. This study sought to examine the role of strengths such as having talents/interests, family relationships, educational support, the role of the recognition and application of these strengths, and the role of multi-type maltreatment on anger control and conduct problems. One hundred and thirty participants (61 males; 69 females) aged 13–19 years old were rated using the Singapore version of Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths (CANS) tool. The results revealed that certain strengths were associated with anger and conduct problems, but the recognition and application of strengths emerged as a consistently significant predictor for both outcomes. Hence, to understand and apply one’s strengths may be equally as important as merely possessing those strengths. This study extends current understanding of the importance of strengths with a group of maltreated adolescents in an Asian context. Adopting a person-centered and strength-based approach will further enhance the effectiveness of interventions and improve outcomes for maltreated adolescents living in residential care.

Communicative Antecedents of Political Persuasion: Political Discussion, Citizen News Creation, and the Moderating Role of Strength of Partisanship

Although much attention has been paid to how media use and interpersonal discussion motivate people to engage in political persuasion, and despite recent efforts to study the role of digital media technologies, less is known about the creation of news and public affairs content online. This study sheds light on how online content creation works alongside other communicative behaviors, such as news use and political discussion, to affect attempted political persuasion. Using two-wave panel survey data, we find that political discussion and citizen news creation mediate the relationships between online and traditional news use, on one hand, and attempted persuasion, on the other. Furthermore, strength of partisanship moderates the relationship between content creation and attempted persuasion. Findings are discussed in light of their implications for the political communication and public sphere processes.

Understanding Strengths in Relation to Complex Trauma and Mental Health Symptoms within Child Welfare

Strengths can have a potent effect in mitigating the impact of trauma on mental health needs and functioning. Yet, evidence is limited on the role that strengths may have in ameliorating trauma-related or mental health symptoms over time. Providing a comprehensive assessment that includes strengths, as well as needs, is an important step in making appropriate service recommendations for youth in child welfare. This study assessed 7,483 children and adolescents entering an intensive stabilization program through the Illinois child welfare system. The interaction of individual, child strengths in relation to complex trauma exposure, traumatic stress symptoms, risk behaviors, and other mental health needs were examined. Results indicated strengths are relatively stable over time and inversely associated with several negative outcomes, including risk behaviors (−.32, p < .001), emotional/ behavioral needs (−.33, p < .001) and overall functioning (−.47, p < .001). Traumatic stress symptoms were also related to increases in these negative outcomes. Overall, strengths had a buffering effect on traumatic stress symptoms and outcomes over time. The role of strengths in relation to traumatic stress symptoms, however, was less consistent. Youth with histories of complex trauma exposure had significantly fewer useable strengths than youth without this exposure. However, strengths improved for both youth with and without complex trauma exposure over the course of stabilization services. These findings suggest that early identification and development of child strengths can mitigate risk-taking behaviors, mental health, and functional difficulties among youth in the child welfare system. Implications for more targeted trauma-informed and strengths-based assessment, and treatment/service planning are discussed.

Relationship between leg and back strength with inter-joint coordination of females during lifting

The role of strength and fatigue in the lifting technique is not very clear, especially with regards to inter-joint coordination. We examined the relationships between muscle strength and endurance with inter-joint coordination of the knee-hip (KH) and hip-back (HB) during a lifting task performed until exhaustion. Thirteen healthy females were recruited to participate in the study. Significant negative correlations were found between HB maximum relative phase angle and leg lifting strength (r = −0.805), knee extensor strength (r = −0.705), knee flexor strength (r = −0.633), back extensor strength (r = −0.593) and back flexor strength (r = −0.596). The greater the strength of these muscles, the more synchronized the hip-back inter-joint coordination. However, no significant relationships were found with endurance test performance. Moreover, although the lifting task induced muscle fatigue, there were no significant fatigue-induced changes in lifting coordination.

Channel-facilitated molecular transport: The role of strength and spatial distribution of interactions

Molecular transport across channels and pores is critically important for multiple natural and industrial processes. Recent advances in single-molecule techniques have allowed researchers to probe translocation through nanopores with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. However, our understanding of the mechanisms of channel-facilitated molecular transport is still not complete. We present a theoretical approach that investigates the role of molecular interactions in the transport through channels. It is based on the discrete-state stochastic analysis that provides a fully analytical description of this complex process. It is found that a spatial distribution of the interactions strongly influences the translocation dynamics. We predict that there is the optimal distribution that leads to the maximal flux through the channel. It is also argued that the channel transport depends on the strength of the molecule-pore interactions, on the shape of interaction potentials and on the relative contributions of entrance and diffusion processes in the system. These observations are discussed using simple physical-chemical arguments.

Transitions of Youth in Mental Health Residential Care to Less Restrictive Settings: The Role of Strengths and Gender

ABSTRACTChanges in youth's behavioral/psychosocial functioning has been found to play an important role in the transitions from mental health residential care to less restrictive settings, and this functioning differs significantly by gender. However, there has been little attention paid to the roles played by psychosocial strength and gender in transitions out of residential care. The current study examined gender differences in the role of strengths in transitions to less restrictive settings using data on 675 youth's admission and discharge records collected from Illinois Residential Treatment Outcome System during 2005–2007 (Mean age = 15 years, SD = 2.0; 57.5% = boys). The results of multivariate logistic regression model indicated that positive recreational activities and lack of chronic illness were related to a higher likelihood of transitions to less restrictive settings among girls, while appropriate sexual development, psychological strengths, and strong spiritual/religious strengths were related to the transitions among boys. This study demonstrates the potential importance of youth strengths in the provision of mental health services and suggests a need to develop models of outcomes that take gender into account. Additional research based on multiple informants including youth self-report is needed to understand the role of gender in transitions out of residential care.

Effect of Cooling Rate on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 20CrNi2MoV Steel

Thermo-mechanical process and continuous cooling process were carried out on 20CrNi2MoV steel. Three cooling rates were implemented to optimize the mechanical properties. The microstructure evolution, precipitation behavior, and strengthening mechanisms were systematically investigated, and the fracture mechanisms were analyzed via combination of impact fracture morphologies and deflection–load curves. The experimental results indicate that the transformed microstructure of experimental steel is all complex consisting of granular bainitic ferrite and bainitic ferrite with dispersed martensite/austenite (M/A) constituents in the matrix at cooling rates of 13, 21, and 29 °C/s. When the cooling rate increases, the grain of the steel is obviously refined. The sizes of the bainitic ferrite are 5.8, 4.7, and 3.1 μm under cooling rates of 13, 21, and 29 °C/s, respectively. The refinement of the bainitic ferrite plays a dominant role in strength increasing and also contributes to high crack propagation energy. However, the morphologies of M/A constituents obtained under different cooling rates contribute to different crack initiation energies and then affect the impact property.

Influence of fiber orientation and fiber content on properties of sisal‐jute‐glass fiber‐reinforced polyester composites

ABSTRACTThe incorporation of natural fibers with polymer matrix composites (PMCs) has increasing applications in many fields of engineering due to the growing concerns regarding the environmental impact and energy crisis. The objective of this work is to examine the effect of fiber orientation and fiber content on properties of sisal‐jute‐glass fiber‐reinforced polyester composites. In this experimental study, sisal‐jute‐glass fiber‐reinforced polyester composites are prepared with fiber orientations of 0° and 90° and fiber volume of sisal‐jute‐glass fibers are in the ratio of 40:0:60, 0:40:60, and 20:20:60 respectively, and the experiments were conducted. The results indicated that the hybrid composites had shown better performance and the fiber orientation and fiber content play major role in strength and water absorption properties. The morphological properties, internal structure, cracks, and fiber pull out of the fractured specimen during testing are also investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42968.