Role In Social Change Research Articles

Mężczyźni w zawodach sfeminizowanych – funkcjonujące stereotypy i ich konsekwencje w percepcji studentów

<p>Współcześnie coraz częściej zwraca się uwagę na przeobrażenia zachodzące w pełnieniu ról społecznych oraz odchodzeniu od stereotypowego podziału na role męskie i kobiece w odniesieniu do funkcjonowania zawodowego. Zmiany te powodują, że w przypadku mężczyzn zachodzi konieczność odchodzenia od stereotypowej oceny ich pracy w zawodach kobiecych przede wszystkim ze względu na zmieniające się podejście samych mężczyzn do pełnienia ról zawodowych i rodzinnych oraz możliwości spełniania się w obszarach życia dotychczas niedostępnych dla mężczyzn ze względu na silnie zakorzenione stereotypy płci. Celem podjętych badań była diagnoza opinii studentów na temat funkcjonujących stereotypów i ich konsekwencji w odniesieniu do mężczyzn w zawodach sfeminizowanych. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań ujawniły istotne statystycznie różnice w opiniach badanych ze względu na płeć oraz miejsce zamieszkania.</p>

Selim İleri'nin Kaleminden Cahide Sonku ve Eşyaya Atfedilen Değer

Although Selim İleri, who became famous as a writer, screenwriter and critic, is mostly known for his novels, he also wrote theater plays. The author’s first theatrical work Cahide/Death and Diamond is inspired from the life story of the director, theater and cinema actor Cahide Sonku (1916-1981). The flashbacks to Cahide Sonku’s life used in this work has brought a different perspective to the story of the artist's romantic and tragic life. Selim İleri departing from classical literary styles, prefers to use a postmodern style and a structure in which readers, writers and actors are intertwined. Features such as witnessing the formation process of the theatre text, sometimes using sarcastic elements and reviving more than one person, show that the work bears traces from Bertolt Brecht's “epic theatre” understanding. The traces of Cahide Sonku’s life are presented in a fictitious way integrating it with items/objects. It thus reflects the place, change, transformation, culture and life on the objects which are loaded with different meanings from the usual meanings of daily life. Selim İleri uses the motif of the objects as a symbol for the personal, professional and social role changes of the artist and he loads values such as creating atmosphere, creating characters, setting fiction and psychological function.

Sex differences in substance use from adolescence to young adulthood: Tests of increases in emergent adulthood and maturing out in later young adulthood

IntroductionThis study evaluated sex differences in substance use changes across two transitions: from adolescence (age 17 yrs.) to emergent adulthood (age 23 yrs.), and maturing out from emergent to later young adulthood (ages 28 and 33 yrs.). MethodsFour-wave longitudinal data (N = 1004) from adolescence to young adulthood were used and five substance outcomes were assessed (cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use, heavy drinking episodes (HDEs), and alcohol problems). A longitudinal mixed model tested Sex × Time interactions to determine if sex moderated changes in substance outcomes. ResultsFindings supported both increases in substance outcomes from adolescence to emergent adulthood and decreases in substance outcomes from emergent adulthood to later young adulthood. Sex moderated these relationships, with males increasing their use of substances more than females across the transition from adolescence to emergent adulthood. Findings were partially robust across substance outcomes, although sex specificity was indicated for some substance outcomes (e.g., males’ greater acceleration than females for HDEs) for the adolescent to emergent adult interval (from ages 17–23 years) and sex differences in maturing out for some outcomes (e.g., females’ matured out earlier than males for cigarette and marijuana use). ConclusionsThese findings provide support for developmental changes associated with significant increases in substance use during the early twenties and decreases (maturing out) in the late twenties and early thirties. Sex moderated the strength of these relationships and these sex differences may be associated with changes in young adult social roles (e.g., marriage, parenting, and occupational roles).

BEING RESPECTED AND ADMIRED IN OLD AGE: DYNAMICS OF SOCIAL STATUS AND AGING

Social status - the standing of a person or group in the social hierarchy - is part and parcel of social life and a significant determinant of cognition and behavior. Status hierarchies are basis of virtually all human and primate societies and assign different roles and privileges to its members. However, the dynamic nature of social status and the underlying mechanisms in old age are not well understood. Therefore, this symposium addresses questions of how social status is influenced by aging-related changes in roles, life events, self-concept, and images of aging and how social status shapes in response personality, subjective age, prosocial behavior, performance, and well-being in old age. Bellingtier and colleagues examined objective and subjective social status and their connections to subjective age, attitudes towards aging, and awareness of age-related changes. Zhang shows paradoxical association between aging stereotypes and prosocial behaviors toward older adults. Barber and Hamel investigated how stereotypes of reduced physical competence in old age affect the gait performance on easy and difficult tasks. Weiss and colleagues take a cross-cultural perspective on the different sources of social status in China, Germany, and the US showing that generations in contrast to age groups represent a source of high social status in later life. Finally, Kornadt investigates the dynamic interplay of changes in social roles and personality in old age. Together, these presentations enlarge our understanding of the dynamics of social status in old age.

AGING-RELATED CHANGES IN MENTAL, PHYSICAL, AND COGNITIVE HEALTH: THE IMPACT OF THE RETIREMENT TRANSITION

Retirement is an important transition in later life, associated with changes in social roles. It is unclear, however, whether the retirement transition modifies aging-related changes in mental, physical, and cognitive health. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we examined changes in depressive symptoms, self-rated health, and memory prior to, at, and after the retirement transition among 6,830 participants (Ages=50-97, 58% female) assessed biennially up to 10 times from 1992-2010. Preliminary results indicate a sudden and significant increase in depressive symptoms and decreases in self-rated health and memory at the transition to retirement (ps<.05). These effects increased among individuals retiring at older ages (ps<.01). Further, aging-related increases in depressive symptomatology became faster after retirement (p<.01). Aging-related decreases in self-rated health and memory were unchanged by the transition. Discussion will focus on the contribution of transitions to understanding trajectories of mental, physical, and cognitive health in later life.

THE ASSOCIATION OF PAIN WITH PAST AND FUTURE SELF-CONTINUITY

Qualitative research on chronic pain patients’ subjective experiences has documented feelings of discontinuity between present and past selves due to changes in physical functioning and social roles. This investigation is the first to test the relationship between pain and self-continuity quantitatively and does so across two samples: Study 1 involved an adult community sample (n = 230, aged 18-87) and Study 2 involved a sample of older chronic pain patients (n = 145, aged 45-94). We explored potential differences for proximal versus distant selves and past versus future selves. In both studies, pain magnitude was negatively associated with average self-continuity (ps <.05), although the effect was selectively driven by future self-continuity in Study 1 (p < .01) and past self-continuity in Study 2 (p < .01). Additionally, in Study 2, recency of pain onset was negatively associated with past self-continuity (p < .001), but not with future self-continuity (p = .47). These findings suggest that chronic pain may be detrimental to self-continuity, with some variability linked to magnitude and chronicity of the pain. Health care providers may want to monitor their patients for feelings of disconnectedness with past and future selves. Future research is needed to identify therapeutic strategies that promote a continuous sense of self in spite of pain-related challenges.

At the edge of the mainstream: social role changes of minority women at a Chinese rural tourism destination

Women are the key stakeholder in rural tourism development. This study investigates Chinese Muslim women’s (Hui women) social role changes in rural tourism development in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Reg...

Everyday life with chronic back pain: a qualitative study among Turkish immigrants in Denmark

Background Chronic back pain has a major physical and psycho-social impact. There have been few subjective assessments of everyday life in relation to migration and ethnicity. Through a descriptive and qualitative cross-cultural design, the aim was to develop an in-depth understanding of how Turkish immigrants experience living with back pain. Methods We conducted a qualitative study based on interviews with Turkish immigrants suffering from CBP recruited from a rheumatology outpatient clinic. The analysis was based on Giorgi’s phenomenological analysis. Results Eleven Turkish participants with chronic back pain (mean age 47.6) were recruited. Three essences resulted from the analysis: “Overwhelming and prevailing pain” – reflecting pain taking control of everyday life, “Being distressed in community life” – encompassing how pain causes changes in social roles, and “Looking for a way out of pain” – referring to feeling lost when being treated in the healthcare system, finding pain-management strategies and returning to Turkey for assistance. Conclusion Chronic back pain has a significant influence on daily life. Pain changes the feeling of identity relating to close relationships and in the Labor market. Most participants’ proficiency in Danish language skills posed a challenge for the existing treatment paradigm, in which information is crucial for successful rehabilitation. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION To improve access to both info on chronic back pain and its treatment, it is crucial that rehabilitation be offered in a range of languages. Proficiency in Danish varies greatly among immigrants, despite years of stay in Denmark. Engaging a professional interpreter early on in the rehabilitation program might improve patient compliance to the preferred treatment regimen. Including a peer-to-peer educational approach in parts of the rehabilitation program might be beneficial, as some immigrants remain skeptical towards the health care system in Denmark.

Reduction in sleep disturbances at retirement: evidence from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health

AbstractAlthough retirement involves a radical change in daily activities, income, social roles and relationships, and the transition from paid work into retirement can, therefore, be expected to affect sleep, little is known about the effects of old-age retirement on changes in sleep disturbances, and how the impact of retirement may vary by gender, age and prior working conditions. This study modelled reported sleep disturbances up to nine years before to nine years following retirement in a sample of 2,110 participants from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH). Sleep disturbances over the retirement transition were modelled using repeated-measures regression analysis with Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) in relation to gender, age at retirement, working patterns (night work, full-time/part-time work), control over work hours, and psychological and physical working conditions. The analyses controlled for civil status, education level, income obtained from registers and self-rated health. Retiring from paid work was associated with decreased sleep disturbances. Greater reductions in sleep disturbances were reported by women, as well as by participants who retired before age 65 years, who were working full-time, who lacked control over their work hours and who had high psychological demands. These results, suggesting that old-age retirement from paid work is associated with reductions in disturbed sleep, pose a challenge for governments seeking to increase retirement ages.

Partnering and parenting transitions in Australian men and women: associations with changes in weight, domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behaviours

Partnering and parenting are important life-stage transitions often accompanied by changes in social networks, roles and responsibilities. There have been no longitudinal studies examining associations of partnering and parenting with changes in domain-specific physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours, and our understanding of whether these transitions are associated with weight change is limited. Two thousand one hundred and twenty-four Australian adults from a national cohort (mean age 31.7 (2.7) years, 47.5% male) completed questionnaires at baseline (2004–06) and follow-up (2009–11), reporting marital and parental status. Weight (kg) was measured at baseline and self-reported at follow-up. PA and sedentary behaviours (sitting and television (TV) viewing) were self-reported in a subset (n = 1221). Linear regression estimated the longitudinal associations of parenting and partnering transitions with PA, sedentary behaviours and weight at follow-up, adjusted for baseline value of the respective outcome variable, age, education, follow-up duration and other life-stage transition. During the 5-year follow-up, 17.3% men and 12.9% women partnered, and 27.3% men and 19.1% women had their first child. Compared to staying not partnered, partnering was associated with an increase in total PA (177.5mins/week, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 18.0 to 337.0) among men and a greater weight gain (2.2 kg, 95% CI 0.6 to 3.7) among women. Compared to remaining child-free, having a first child was associated with greater reductions in total PA (− 123.9mins/week, 95% CI − 248.8 to 1.1) and TV viewing time (− 27.0mins/day, 95% CI − 50.6 to − 3.3) among men. Women who had their first child had greater weight gain (1.4 kg, 95% CI 0.1 to 2.7) but spent less time sitting (− 103.8mins/day, 95% CI − 135.5 to − 72.1) than those remaining child-free. For women, having additional children was associated with less sitting time (− 39.4mins/week, 95% CI − 66.0 to − 12.8) than having the same number of children. Partnering was associated with an increase in men’s total PA and women’s weight. Transitions into parenthood with a first child or additional children were associated with potentially health-impairing changes in weight and PA, but health-promoting changes in sedentary behaviours. Future PA promotion strategies should pay attention to men who had their first child to mitigate declining total PA.

Protocol for the Inroads Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Internet-Delivered, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Early Intervention to Reduce Anxiety and Hazardous Alcohol Use Among Young People.

BackgroundThe transition to adulthood is a unique developmental period characterized by numerous personal and social role changes and increased opportunities for alcohol consumption. Using alcohol to cope with anxiety symptoms is commonly reported, and young people with anxiety are at a greater risk of hazardous alcohol use and progression to alcohol use disorder. Anxiety and alcohol use tend to fuel each other in an exacerbating feed-forward cycle, leading to difficult-to-treat chronic problems. The peak in onset of anxiety and alcohol disorders suggests this developmental window represents a promising opportunity for early intervention before these problems become entrenched.ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the Inroads program, a therapist-supported, internet-delivered early intervention for young adults that targets alcohol use, anxiety symptoms, and the interconnections between these problems.MethodsA randomized controlled trial will be conducted nationally among young Australians (aged 17-24 years) who experience anxiety symptoms and drink alcohol at hazardous or harmful levels. Participants will be individually randomized on a 1:1 basis to receive the Inroads intervention or assessment plus alcohol guidelines. Participants randomized to the Inroads intervention will receive access to 5 Web-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) modules and weekly therapist support via email and/or phone. The primary outcome assessment will be 8 weeks post baseline, with follow-up assessment 6 months post baseline to determine the sustainability of the intervention effects. Primary outcomes will be the total number of standard drinks consumed in the past month (assessed by the Timeline Follow-Back procedure), severity of alcohol-related harms (assessed by the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire), and anxiety symptoms across multiple disorders (assessed by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7). Secondary outcomes will include alcohol outcome expectancies; functional impairment and quality of life; and symptoms of social anxiety, anxious arousal, and depression. Results will be analyzed by intention-to-treat using multilevel mixed effects analysis for repeated measures.ResultsThe study is funded from 2017 to 2020 by Australian Rotary Health. Recruitment is expected to be complete by late-2018, with the 6-month follow-ups to be completed by mid-2019. Results are expected to be published in 2020.ConclusionsThe study will be the first to evaluate the benefits of a youth-focused early intervention that simultaneously targets anxiety and hazardous alcohol use. By explicitly addressing the interconnections between anxiety and alcohol use and enhancing CBT coping skills, the Inroads program has the potential to interrupt the trajectory toward co-occurring anxiety and alcohol use disorders. The Web-based format of the program combined with minimal therapist support means that if effective, the program could be widely disseminated to reach young people who are not currently able or willing to access face-to-face treatment.Trial RegistrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617001609347; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=372748&isReview=true (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/77Au19jmf)International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/12370

Qualitative study on psychological experience in family members of middle-aged and young patients in emergency intensive care unit

Objective To explore the psychological experience and feelings of family members of middle-aged and young patients in emergency intensive care unit (EICU) . Methods The family members of EICU patients from a hospital were selected by purposive sampling between August and September 2018. The 8 family members of middle-aged and young EICU patients received in-depth semi-structural interview using qualitative methods. Colaizzi method was used for analysis of the data. Results The psychological experience of the 8 family members of middle-aged and young EICU patients could boil down to 5 themes: negative emotions such as anxiety, fear, worry and self-accusation; positive emotions such as hope and facing the reality; heavy economic burden on family; change of social roles; and desire for social support. Conclusions Medical workers should pay attention to the psychological experience of family members, and provide them with psychological and informational support; meanwhile, they should utilise the social support system, and assist family members to get help from hospital, society and community so that family members' psychological burden can be alleviated, thus enabling the recovery and return to society in the middle-aged and young patients. Key words: Intensive care unit; Emergency service, hospital; Middle-aged and young; Psychological experience; Qualitative study

Gender differences in the impact of retirement on depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults: A propensity score matching approach.

BackgroundRetirement is one of the most important later-life status transitions related to changes in workforce participation, lifestyle, and social roles among older adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of retirement on depressive symptoms by gender in middle-aged and older adult Koreans, using a large, nationally representative sample.MethodsUsing year 2010 and 2012 data from the Korea Longitudinal Study of Aging, we investigated the relationship between adults’ retirement status and depressive symptoms measured by the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression (CES-D10) scale. A series of propensity score matching models were calculated to test the potential retirement effect on adults’ depressive symptoms.ResultsOverall, the level of depressive symptoms of the retired group was not different from that of the employed counterpart. In gender-stratified models, the gain of CES-D10 scores in the retired group was higher than that of the employed group for males, which was in the opposite direction among females. However, the propensity score matching model showed that the relationship between retirement status and CES-D10 score gain was significant for males but not for females.ConclusionsOur study reinforces the assertion that retirement could worsen depressive symptoms and could differ by gender. Intervention programs focused on the mental health of retired men need to be actively developed and widely implemented.

Parenting a child with autism

ABSTRACT Objective: This study analyzes subjective aspects associated with parents’ perception of the changes that have affected their lives since the birth of their child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: A qualitative study, using a narrative approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 7 fathers and 16 mothers of children with ASD enrolled in a special needs school in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The interviews were transcribed, analytical categories were defined, and data interpreted. Results: Five categories were identified: “Emotional and Health-Related Effects”, “Effects on Daily/Professional and Academic Life”, “Effects on Marital and/or Affective/Sexual Life”, “Effects on Social Life”, “Adaptation Strategies”. The analysis showed that, despite the impacts suffered, social support, professional help can facilitate parents’ adjustment to life changes following the birth of a child with ASD. Conclusion: The physical and emotional demands of living with and parenting a child with ASD are enormous, include changes in social roles and in couples’ social and affective/sexual lives, highlighting the need for parents to receive support from healthcare professionals, particularly mental health professionals. Care strategies need to be implemented for parents, in addition to the healthcare provided to their children, in order to improve the comprehensive care given to the child with ASD.

The transition of breastfeeding children with cleft palate and lip among women

Abstract Objective: To discuss the maternal transition in the breastfeeding process of children with cleft lip and palate, from the perspective of the transition theory. Method: Qualitative research of the case study type. The semi-structured interview was used as a data collection instrument. The results were analyzed from the Transition Theory. Results: The participant presented the transitions: situational, developmental and health-illness due to the change of social roles, the need to care for the child with malformation and the changes in her life due to her child's illness. It was identified, in the participant, the difficulty of exercising maternal breastfeeding care, interfering in its developmental and situational transition. Conclusion and implications for practice: The transitions were ineffective in taking into account the transitions covered. The presence of a nursing professional in the evaluation, follow-up and supplementation of the mother in the suckling of children with cleft lip and palate is essential to achieve the healthy transition.

Prevalence and socio-demographic determinants of gynecological morbidity among ever married women of reproductive age group in field practice area of Navodaya Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Raichur

Background: India has made rapid progress in social, economy and health sectors since independence and simultaneous dramatic changes in lifestyle and social roles for women, mortality rates have shifted, resulting in a decreasing advantage for women. Explaining the consequences of these dynamic changes requires understanding of the various health effects. In the future these changes will have significant impact on women’s health.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 ever married women of reproductive age group (15-49 years) residing in the urban field practice area of NMCH&amp;RC. Study subjects were interviewed about gynecological morbidities experienced in the recent past 6 months. Blood samples were collected and hemoglobin estimation was done.Results: Out of the total 400 ever married women of reproductive age group (15-49 years), 153 women were found to have gynecological morbidity and the prevalence was found to be 38.3%. Statistically significant association was found among the prevalence of gynecological morbidity and variables like literacy status, occupation, age at marriage, age at menarche and type of family of respondents.Conclusions: Due to the traditional and social constrains, socio-cultural factors of study participants, limit their access to the health care and social support services, thereby providing an environment conducive to acquiring and transmitting RTI/STIs.

Hopelessness and Quality of Life Levels in Hemodialysis Patients

Objective: Hemodialysis treatment causes psychosocial problems like restrictions on social life, hopelessness, role changes, sadness, depression, anxiety and uncertainty about the future. So this problems may threat the quality of life. The purpose of this study was to determine the hopelessness and quality of life of the hemodialysis patients and the effective factors. Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 320 hemodialysis patients from four hemodialysis centers in the province of Ankara. The data were collected by using Patient Information Form, Beck Hopelessness Scale and EQ-5D General Quality of Life Scale and EQ-5D Visual Analog Scale (EQ-5D VAS) in 2016. Results: Mean scale score was 9.63±5.56 for Beck Hopelessness Scale,0.57±0.32 for EQ-5D Index, and 57.0±22.20 for EQ-5D VAS. Most of the patient experienced physical, mental or social problems. The patients, who were widowed/divorced, were literate, and had another chronic disease, had higher Beck Hopelessness Scale mean score and lower EQ-5D VAS mean score. It was found that there was a positive correlation between Beck Hopelessness Scale scores and age, number of children, and treatment duration; and a negative correlation between EQ-5D VAS scores and age, number of children, and treatment duration. There was a negative correlation between Beck Hopelessness Scale scores and EQ-5D VAS scores. Conclusion: The patients who were divorced/widowed, were literate and had another chronic disorder experienced more hopelessness and had lower level of general health. Increasing age, number of children, and treatment duration increased hopelessness and decreased general health. The increased hopelessness level also had a negative effect on the level of health.

The Role of Universities in Sustainable Economic Development In Pivotal

The Role of Universities in Sustainable Economic Development In Pivotal

Medical Transition without Social Transition

Abstract People who want gender-affirming surgery without a change in social role represent a range of unique perspectives and use a range of self-descriptive terms, including transgender, transsexual, genderqueer, gender nonconforming, TGNC, nonbinary, and cross-dresser. They may seek surgery to reduce gender dysphoria or to enhance gender euphoria. Professional literature and medical protocols such as the World Professional Association for Transgender Health's (WPATH) Standards of Care, version 7 (SOC-7), have been developed to reflect the needs of people who want to change their social role as well as their body. Medical protocols including SOC-7 recommend a period of “real-life experience” as a criterion for some surgeries, which is not appropriate for people who want medical without social transition, who may want a private expression of gender, and who are at high risk for self-treatment and self-injury. This article describes the many factors that may affect transition and surgical choices. A composite case example is presented to illustrate how surgery without social transition might enhance the life of a female-identified person who lives socially as a man. Medical and mental health providers do provide treatment for people who want medical transition without social transition, but the practice has yet to be well documented.

LOGOTHERAPHY TO ELDERLY DEPENDENCE

Introduction. The old people has decreased in physical condition, in function and sexual potency, psychological changes, changes associated with the work, and changes in social roles in society. These cause the elderly dependent in performing self-care. The action to overcome these problems is by delivering logo therapy. The general purpose of this study was to describe the influence of logotheraphy to elderly dependence at Panti Wredha Welas Asih Tasikmalaya. Method. The research design used was a "Quasi-experimental pre-post-test". The sample was purposive sampling with a sample size of 22 elderly. There were four sessions of the Logo therapy's implementation such as identifying clients' changes and problems, identifying the reactions and how to solve problems, the techniques and evaluation of medical ministry. Result. The results showed there was difference in elderly dependency before and after doing Logotherapy (p-value 0.001). Discussion. Logotherapy is recommended to be done in the framework of health services in the community as a form of health care for the elderly who have dependency problems and become the basis of consideration and thoughts in developing and implementing the treatment.Keywords: Logoteraphy, eldery, dependency