Role Of Self Research Articles

Lifelong learning and self: work, subjectivity and learning

The relations among learning, work and subjectivity are discussed here to offer explanations about how individuals direct their learning throughout their working lives. These explanations are salient for informing policy and practice about learning for, through and throughout working life. The prospects for realising the kinds of goals that governments, employers and workers themselves want to achieve through their ongoing learning can be explained through understanding what motivates, directs and sustains that learning. Central here is the role that individuals' subjectivity plays in explaining the relations between individuals, their work and their learning for work, and the relationships among them. Four distinct conceptions of self are presented and discussed in terms of how that subjectivity is represented across and within perspectives informing considerations of work and learning. These different conceptions aim to open up and energise the emerging discussion about the role of self or subjectivity in relations among learning, subjectivity and work. Proposed here is the view that the self arises through social experience and stands as the personal basis that mediates relations about work and learning throughout working life.

The Role of Self- and Functional Congruity in Cruising Intentions

This study proposes a theoretical model that integrates two streams of research, congruity and destination image, in one conceptual framework to explain travel intentions. Applying this model in the context of cruise tourism, the study investigated the influences of self-congruity and functional congruity on cruising intentions. Preliminary interviews were conducted with both cruisers and noncruisers to generate measurement items for the constructs of interest. A panel study was then used to examine the hypotheses, which were supported by the data. Both theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

The role of self- efficacy, task value, and achievement goals in predicting learning approaches and mathematics achievement

Relations among self-efficacy, task value, achievement goals, learning approaches, and mathematics achievement were examined in a path analysis model. Results revealed self-efficacy exerted a direct, positive influence on task value, mastery goals, performance – approach goals, deep approach, and mathematic achievement; self efficacy influenced performance – avoidance goals negatively; task value had a direct effect on mastery goals and deep approach. While Mastery goals affected deep approach in a positive way, performance – avoidance and performance-approach goals had positive effects on surface approach. Deep approach had a direct positive effect on mathematics achievement while surface approach exerted a direct negative effect on it.

The relationship between personality characteristics and postconcussion symptoms in a nonclinical sample.

Postconcussion symptoms are relatively common in the acute recovery period following mild traumatic brain injury. However, for a small subset of patients, self reported postconcussion symptoms continue long after injury. Many factors have been proposed to account for the presence of persistent postconcussion symptoms. The influence of personality traits has been proposed as one explanation. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between postconcussion-like symptom reporting and personality traits in a sample of 96 healthy participants. Participants completed the British Columbia Postconcussion Symptom Inventory and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III). There was a strong positive relation between the majority of MCMI-III scales and postconcussion-like symptom reporting. Approximately half of the sample met the International Classification of Diseases-10 Criterion C symptoms for Postconcussional Syndrome. Compared with those participants who did not meet this criterion, the PCS group had significant elevations on the negativistic, depression, major depression, dysthymia, anxiety, dependent, sadistic, somatic, and borderline scales of the MCMI-III. These findings support the hypothesis that personality traits can play a contributing role in self reported postconcussion symptoms.

Cognitive Dissonance and the Role of Self in High Altitude Mountaineering: An Analysis of Six Published Autobiographies

Drawing on six published autobiographies of high altitude mountaineers, this paper explores the construction of self in relation to their experiences of cognitive dissonance. Three themes emerged from the analysis: (a) experiences with psychological discomfort are inextricably connected to the self; (b) the presence of a cognitive inconsistency of sufficient magnitude evokes a portrayal of self as decent but afflicted; and (c) reducing inconsistencies between cognitions involves a process of retrospective self-justification motivated by the need for self-cohesion.

Teaching and Learning Guide for: Imagined Intergroup Contact: Theory, Paradigm, and Practice

A goal shared enthusiastically amongst many social psychologists is the improvement of intergroup relations. Conflict between groups is usually related to distinct, and in many cases opposing, identities, based on (for example) ethnicity, nationality, and religion, but also gender, age, sexual orientation and political or individual preferences. Our research has developed a new intervention for improving intergroup relations based on an integration of theory and empirical work on social cognition and intergroup relations. We've called the technique Imagined Contact because it is based on the mental simulation of intergroup contact experiences. Collectively, our research has focused on refining and evaluating imagined contact as an effective tool for the enhancement of intergroup relations. Our article in Social and Personality Psychology Compass provides a summary of the basic theory underlying imagined contact, a review of empirical findings to date, and a framework for developing practical applications of the intervention (in particular as a school-based intervention). We wanted to offer a teaching and learning guide for this article because we believe that the imagined contact task provides a flexible, effective, and easy-to-use tool for teachers, seminar leaders, students, and practitioners. The task can be used as a basis for encouraging more positive and open attitudes towards other groups, a way of preparing people for future intergroup encounters, a stimulus for discussions about the value in experiencing social diversity, and a way of illustrating the power of mental processes in forming and challenging attitudes about others.

Role of Self and Other Forgiveness in Predicting Depression and Suicide Ideation of Divorcees

Role of Self and Other Forgiveness in Predicting Depression and Suicide Ideation of Divorcees

Commentary on Paper by Ken Corbett

A report on the third analysis of a 41-year-old man who had been a feminine boy is used as a vehicle to describe the idiographic aspects of this way of being as well as to specify the input of the environment—parents, analysts, community. The role of self with mother, self with father, and self with mother and father together representations is explored and Zadie Smith's concept of dual citizenship and multiple internal voices is featured as an integrating and explanatory concept. The ways in which each analysis highlights different aspects of the patient's conflicts and dilemmas and reflects successive intrapsychic organizations is also explored.

Self-Symbols as Implicit Motivators

The present research explored the nonconscious motivational influence of self-symbols. In line with recent findings on the motivational influence of positive affect, we hypothesized that positive affect associated with self-symbols may boost motivation. In Study 1 people drank more of a beverage when the brand name contained name letters. Study 2 emphasized central aspects of motivation, and tested the role of implicit self-esteem. High self-esteem people persisted longer and performed better on a name letter task than low self-esteem people. Study 3 further confirmed these results, testing persistence on an unsolvable puzzle. These findings are explained by the association of self-symbols with positive affect for high self-esteem people. Implications are discussed for the role of self in motivation.

The Role of Self–Complexity in Reducing Harmful Insight Among Persons with Schizophrenia. Theoretical and Therapeutic Implications

Persons with schizophrenia who have insight of their disorders might experience depression, hopelessness, and related suicidality. Although the concept of self-complexity appears to be highly relevant as a self-regulating mechanism in the process of coping with depression and hopelessness in populations without schizophrenia, it hardly plays a role in current discussions of the determinants of harmful insight in schizophrenia. In this article the correlates of the harmful impact of insight among persons with schizophrenia and the possible buffering role of self-complexity against harmful influences of insight are discussed.

Developmental context effects on bicultural posttrauma self repair in chimpanzees.

Longitudinal studies have shown how early developmental contexts contribute significantly to self-development; their influence extends through adulthood, informs sociality, and affects resilience under severe stress. While the importance of sociality in trauma recovery is recognized, the relationship between developmental and posttrauma contexts and recovery effects is less appreciated, particularly in cases in which recovery contexts differ widely from the culture of origin. Using an attachment-based model of bicultural (competence in two cultures) development, the authors examined the role of self in posttrauma repair of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) who had been differentially reared by humans during neuroethologically formative periods and subsequently used as biomedical subjects. Results show that variations in posttrauma schema correlate with early socialization patterns. Self-resilience supports, but also may constrain, recovery depending on the compatibility of internal self models with recovery resources. Trauma severity notwithstanding, the cultural context of origin emerges as a critical factor in designing effective therapeutic intervention and assessments in primates, humans inclusive. Finally, the results underscore the ethical implications for the practices of cross-fostering nonhuman primates and their use in research.

Understanding the role of retail store service in light of self‐image–store image congruence

AbstractThe relationships among a consumer's service experience, the servicescape, and perceived value for the money spent on the service are important theoretical as well as practical issues. Little effort has, however, been devoted to understanding these in the context of the effects of consumer image–store image congruency. Image congruency has not only been shown to be valuable in relation to product choices, but has also been shown to contribute to our understanding of retail store choice and preferences. This study examines the effect of retailer service provision and the retail store environment (servicescape) on the customers' perception of value for money. The study also examines the role of self–store image congruence in the above relationships. The findings confirm the hypothesized relationships in the conceptual model (except for servicescape effects). The findings also indicate that the effects are stronger for those individuals experiencing high self–store image congruence. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

“I Hate White People!”—Subverting the Televisual Gaze

I have previously argued that the other viewing the Self highlights the ramifications of the question “Who are they?” vis-à-vis notions of “Who are we?” and that the answer to the former directly shapes and informs the latter, as Fourth World people are forced to negotiate their identity upon exposure to First World television. In this article, I examine a particular group of subaltern viewers who reassign the roles of self and Other in order to preserve, defend, and construct their own selfhood. Because they look and act differently from those in the mediated mainstream, Navajo television viewers create oppositional identities by understanding themselves first in relation to and then opposed to standardized models. Subverting the televisual gaze is their way of articulating experiences of powerlessness in a white-dominated society as well as a means of communicating a discourse of resistance to the dominant ideology.

Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior: The Role of Self and Social Influences in Predicting Adolescent Regular Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity

The current study aimed to test the validity of an extended theory of planned behavior model (TPB; Ajzen, 1991), incorporating additional self and social influences, for predicting adolescent moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Participants (N = 423) completed an initial questionnaire that assessed the standard TPB constructs of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, as well as past behavior, self-identity, and the additional social influence variables of group norms, family social support, friends' social support, and social provisions. One week after completion of the main questionnaire, participants completed a follow-up questionnaire that assessed self-reported physical activity during the previous week. The standard TPB variable--past behavior, self-identity, and group norms, but not social support influences--predicted intentions, with intention, past behavior, and self-identity predicting behavior. Overall, the results provide support for an extended version of the TPB incorporating self-identity and those social influences linked explicitly to membership of a behaviorally relevant reference group.

Me, My Mobile, and I: The Role of Self‐ and Prototypical Identity Influences in the Prediction of Mobile Phone Behavior

This study examined the effect of and relationship between self‐ and prototypical identity influences on high‐level mobile phone use from a theory of planned behavior (TPB) perspective. Participants were 252 university students who completed 2 questionnaires, 1 week apart. The first questionnaire assessed the standard TPB constructs (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control), as well as self‐ and prototypical identity influences. The second questionnaire assessed level of mobile phone use in the previous week. Support was found for the TPB in predicting high‐level mobile use intentions and behavior. Self‐identity and prototype similarity, but not prototype favorability, also significantly predicted intentions. The effects of prototype similarity on intentions were mediated via self‐identity processes.

Enhancing the empowerment agenda in health promotion through reflective practice

The formal practice of reflection is a relatively unknown concept in health promotion. A reflexive approach to health promotion practice normally resides in debates regarding the theory and practice of health promotion; there have been few formal attempts to develop reflective practice. This paper describes a conceptual typology for reflective practice which focuses on three domains relating to the role of self, the context of practice and the process of programme planning and delivery. These domains are interrogated by a taxonomy of reflective questions tailored to the requirements and timing of the reflection. An exemplar reflective application of the typology in this paper focused on the evaluation of the smoking policy in a large university. Reflection centred on how the empowerment of those working and studying in the institution was affected by the evaluation process.

The Role of Self–efficacy in Recovery from Serious Psychiatric Disabilities: A Qualitative Study with Fifteen Psychiatric Survivors

This qualitative analysis applied the theory of self–efficacy to results from a study that used grounded theory to identify the factors that influenced the recoveries of 15 psychiatric survivors. Participants identified the development of a more competent and efficacious sense of self as a central aspect contributing to their recoveries. Analysis also revealed four factors related to this development: meaningful activities, supportive professional relationships, peer-support and choice among a variety of treatment alternatives. Participants' description of the recovery process and how they were able to develop a competent sense of self, possessed several parallels with Bandura's social cognitive theory of self–efficacy. This article argues that self–efficacy may provide practitioners with a useful guide for creating the contexts that facilitate the recovery process. Implications for practice and research will be explored.

Doing what comes naturally: The role of self generated experience in behavioral development

Doing what comes naturally: The role of self generated experience in behavioral development

Role of Self Trapped Excitons in the scintillation process of cerium doped LaBr3

AbstractThe mathematical connection between the process of scintillation in cerium doped LaBr3 and the role of self trapped excitons is established. A set of kinetics equations, solved numerically, is successfully applied to describe the temperature dependence of gamma ray excited scintillation decay curves and light output as function of cerium concentration. A fit of this model coupled to experimental data provides detailed information on the STE to cerium energy transfer mechanism. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Reflection a neglected art in health promotion

Evaluation and quality assurance have, over time, become the bedrock of health promotion practice in ensuring effectiveness and efficiency of programme planning and delivery. There has been less emphasis, however, on formal recognition of the contribution of the personal characteristics and perspectives of those who plan and deliver programmes and to the more subtle underlying effects of prevailing societal and professional norms. This paper seeks to highlight the neglect of formal reflection as a key professional skill in professional health promotion practice. It outlines key theories underpinning the development of the concepts of reflection and reflective practice. The role of reflection in critical health education as it contributes to critical consciousness raising is highlighted through its contribution to the empowerment of change agents in a societal change context. A conceptual typology of reflective practice is described which provides a flexible structure with which professionals can reflect on the role of self, the context and the process of health promotion programme planning. Its use is illustrated from the author's published work in health promotion which is related to prevention of workplace violence.