Role Of Rural Women Research Articles

Conflictos por uso de agroquímicos: el papel de las mujeres rurales en Uruguay

Desde fines de la década de 2000, Uruguay registró un fuerte proceso de transformación en el sector agropecuario debido sobre todo al incremento del área del cultivo de soja. Este proceso fue acompañado de un incremento sustantivo en la utilización de agroquímicos, tanto de fertilizantes como de herbicidas e insecticidas, fenómeno inédito en el país en cuanto a su escala. Paralelamente, las denuncias por intoxicación fueron creciendo fuertemente, tanto por parte de pobladores urbanos como rurales. El objetivo de este trabajo es indagar en el rol que han tenido las mujeres en las denuncias de los efectos de la aplicación de agroquímicos y presentar sus visiones sobre cómo las afectan a ellas, sus familias y comunidades. El estudio incluyó una revisión de artículos de prensa y documentos donde se hace referencia a los casos en que las mujeres fueron protagonistas de las denuncias, y entrevistas a informantes calificados y mujeres denunciantes. De la información recabada es posible concluir, por un lado, que las denuncias han contribuido a evidenciar las consecuencias de las aplicaciones con agroquímicos y, por otro lado, romper con la tradicional invisibilidad de las mujeres en el contexto rural y generar nuevos entramados en las relaciones sociales de las zonas afectadas. Sin embargo, también se detectó que aún persisten barreras sociales y culturales que inhiben a las mujeres a efectuar denuncias y atentan contra la visibilidad de los problemas que afectan a las comunidades rurales.

The role of rural women in agricultural development in Saqulta district, Sohag governorate.

The role of rural women in agricultural development in Saqulta district, Sohag governorate.

Role Of Rural Women In Development And Export Earnings Of Pakistan's Dairy Industry

Dairy industry of Pakistan encounters many improving measurements to ensure the acceptability of its products in international market. For the purpose Pakistan Dairy Development Council (PDDC) introduces many innovative measures. While discussing the implication of these measures the training and skills of labor force working in industry matters a lot. It is the feature of Pakistan's dairy industry that a prominent ratio of its labor force is from the always neglected strata of society, the rural women. Women play both the direct and indirect role in managing livestock in rural regions of Pakistan. While observing role of dairy industry in export earnings, the services of its major labor force (rural women) should not be neglected. This paper is an attempt to discuss the development and export earnings of Pakistan's dairy industry and correspondence potential role of rural women with special reference to food security and poverty eradication in country. It is the descriptive analysis of data from 1961 to 2018.

Meeting the Basic Needs of the Family: The Changing Economic Role of Wives and Daughters in the Villages of the North Central Province of Sri Lanka

Women fulfill several important roles during their lifetime but in recent years, the productive role of rural women has assumed greater importance. Traditionally, their economic role was confined to work within their homes, home gardens, farma and villages. Today there is an increasing tendency for women to engage in full-time or part-time non-farm occuapations. The objective of this paper is to assess the extent to which incomes of women in traditional tank villages contribute to the provision of food, clothing,shelter, health and educational requirements of their children through in situ and ex situ non-farm employment; highlight some of the conflicts faced by wlmen when they attempt to balance the demands of their multiple roles; identify major issues and suggest suitable recommendations. The sample selected from three traditional villages included: a male headed households in which the husband and wife spend an equal proportion on basic needs facto and de jure female headed households and households with unmarried employed women Accepted ethmographic techniques were used to collect data. Thte study highlighted the urgent need to support diversification of economic activities of rural woman,combat domestic violence, facilitate them to obtain micro credit, acquire skills, and gain access to new opportunities.

Voice and Accountability

The article assesses the importance of citizen engagement in engendering good governance in the health sector. However, citizens need an effective ‘voice' in order to be heard. Thus, the article argues for the need to utilise existing civic organizations like the rural women's associations as platforms of civic engagements. Using Akwa Ibom state as a study location, the article investigated the role of rural women's associations in citizen engagement in the primary health sector. Findings reveal that although rural women's associations are engaged in diverse socio-economic and political activities, they however do not engage in socially accountable activities. Nevertheless, findings further reveal that associations have the potentials of becoming platforms for social accountability if harnessed by development partners. The argument of the study is anchored on the participatory development approach which argues about the need for beneficiaries of development to become active participants in the development process.

Corporate social responsibility and the role of rural women in sustainable agricultural development in sub‐Saharan Africa: Evidence from the Niger Delta in Nigeria

AbstractLow productivity among female farmers when compared with their male counterparts is considered an outcome of limited access to agricultural land and inputs. The objective of this investigation was to assess the impact of multinational oil companies' (MOCs') corporate social responsibility (CSR) on rural women's access to modern agricultural inputs in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. A total of 700 rural female farmers were sampled across the region. Results from the use of a logit model indicated that CSR recorded significant success in agricultural development generally, but has undermined equality. This implies that if a woman's agricultural productivity is continuously hindered by unequal access to agricultural resources (or opportunities) and widespread inequality will limit poverty reduction efforts in Nigeria. The results also showed that women depended on CSR of MOCs for policy dialogue and advocacy for women's access to agricultural land and inputs. Supporting agricultural initiatives that focus on empowering women would boost food security in sub‐Saharan Africa.

Corporate Social Responsibility and the Role of Rural Women in Sustainable Agricultural Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence From the Niger Delta in Nigeria

Low productivity among female farmers when compared with their male counterparts is considered an outcome of limited access to agricultural land and inputs. The objective of this investigation was to assess the impact of multinational oil companies’ (MOCs’) CSR on rural women access to modern agricultural inputs in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. A total of 700 rural female farmers were sampled across the region. Results from the use of a logit model indicated that CSR recorded significant success in agricultural development generally, but has undermined equality. This implies that if a woman’s agricultural productivity is continuously hindered by unequal access to agricultural resources (or opportunities) and widespread inequality will limit poverty reduction efforts in Nigeria. The results also showed that women depended on CSR of MOCs for policy dialogue and advocacy for women’s access to agricultural land and inputs. Supporting agricultural initiatives that focus on empowering women would boost food security in sub-Saharan Africa.

English

English

Analysis of Rural Women’s Role in Paddy Cultivation Practices (Case Study: Tonekabon Township)

The aim of the research was analysis of rural women’s role in paddy cultivation practices in Tonekabon Township. Research population was consisted of paddy farmers women in Tonekabon Township (N=14539), whose 130 ones were selected using Cochran’s formula. Data were gathered by cluster random sampling method. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. Its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Results of descriptive statistics showed that the rural women are involved in planting to rice harvesting practices whit a relatively high role. The results of the correlation coefficient also showed that there is significant positive relationship between age, work experience, head of household, number of children, and access to educational - extensional services with role of rural women in Paddy cultivation practices. Also, there was a negative and significant relationship between rural women’s education and their role in paddy cultivation practices. Stepwise regression analysis showed that education, age and access to educational - extensional services can explain 32.3% of the changes in the dependent variable (role of rural women in paddy cultivation practices).

IMPACT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS ON THE STATUS OF RURAL WOMEN

Mother is a radiant nurse, an angel of mercy, a patient teacher, a watchful guardian and compassionate attorney and a fountainhead of courage. Post independence sociologists paid attention towards the women who are traditionally backward, exploited and taken as second-rate citizens. This is obstruction and hindrance in the progress and prosperity of family, community and country. The complete social structure is affected. For the rural development and reconstruction, it is necessary to understand the changing social status and role of rural women who are 48.3% of the Total population of the country. For the study of past enables us to grasp the fundamental psychology behind the present problems and attitudes that uphold or reject them due to which it has come to be what it is. We may thus be enabling to make out the cause and circumstances embedded in the past, which led to the existence and conditions and causes are sure to prove themselves of great help to us in the making up and planning of a figure. Women constitute about fifty per cent of the world population. It is estimated that by A.D. 2000, the total number of women in the world will be more than 3 billion and they will outnumber men by nearly 175 million. At the United Nations Conference in Nairobi in 1985, it was noted that they comprise 35 per cent of the world’s labor force in the sphere of employment and occupied lower positions. Further it is observed that over 60 per cent of world’s illiterates are women, mostly in the developing countries. More than 60% respondents have accepted all the factors mentioned as variables are responsible for the uplift of the status of rural women. But; it is note-worthy that more than three-fourth of the respondents have emphasized especially on urbanization, women welfare organizations and rural development programs; as the tools of uplift for the status of rural women.

IMPACT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS ON THE STATUS OF RURAL WOMEN

Mother is a radiant nurse, an angel of mercy, a patient teacher, a watchful guardian and compassionate attorney and a fountainhead of courage. Post independence sociologists paid attention towards the women who are traditionally backward, exploited and taken as second-rate citizens. This is obstruction and hindrance in the progress and prosperity of family, community and country. The complete social structure is affected. For the rural development and reconstruction, it is necessary to understand the changing social status and role of rural women who are 48.3% of the Total population of the country. For the study of past enables us to grasp the fundamental psychology behind the present problems and attitudes that uphold or reject them due to which it has come to be what it is. We may thus be enabling to make out the cause and circumstances embedded in the past, which led to the existence and conditions and causes are sure to prove themselves of great help to us in the making up and planning of a figure. Women constitute about fifty per cent of the world population. It is estimated that by A.D. 2000, the total number of women in the world will be more than 3 billion and they will outnumber men by nearly 175 million. At the United Nations Conference in Nairobi in 1985, it was noted that they comprise 35 per cent of the world’s labor force in the sphere of employment and occupied lower positions. Further it is observed that over 60 per cent of world’s illiterates are women, mostly in the developing countries. More than 60% respondents have accepted all the factors mentioned as variables are responsible for the uplift of the status of rural women. But; it is note-worthy that more than three-fourth of the respondents have emphasized especially on urbanization, women welfare organizations and rural development programs; as the tools of uplift for the status of rural women.

The Role of Rural Women in Environmental Management in Myanmar: A Case Study of Ngaputaw Township

The purpose of this research is to examine the role of women in environmental management in Myanmar. In Myanmar society, women have a tradition of environmental care. From childhood, young Myanmar girls are trained to undertake work in and around their house. It is a common sight in rural areas to see young girls caring for their siblings and collecting water or firewood during school holidays. Women in rural areas are traditionally aware of how to use fuel wood properly, how to get and store safe drinking water, and which plants can be used as indigenous medicine. In this way women have played an important role in reducing resource use, reusing and recycling resources to minimize waste and excessive consumption. This research revolves around the issues such as women’s perspectives on the environment; the nature of their participation to engage in environmental protection and conservation; and environmental management policies of Myanmar.

The Role of Rural Women in Household Food Security Activities and Livestock Management in Mizoram

This study entitled ‘The Role of Rural Women in Household Food Security Activities and Livestock Management in Mizoram’ was undertaken with the objectives to find out the role of women in household food security activities, livestock rearing activities and their participation in decision-making. A total of 120 respondents from three districts of Mizoram, that is, Aizawl, Kolasib and Mamit, were selected by using the stratified random sampling technique and interviewed personally to collect data. The result obtained from the study indicated that the participation of rural women in household activities was the highest in cleaning the house, and in the case of livestock activities, cleaning of animal sheds was the highest. Rural women's decision was considered in different household activities and in livestock activities. The correlation analysis showed that education had a positive and significant association with participation of rural women in household food security activities, while education, farming experience and extension contact had a positive and significant association with the participation of rural women in livestock activities. Women played a major role infood security activities but the control and access on resources remains with the male counterparts in the household.

Role of Rural Women in Post-harvest Handling and Export of Jasmine Flowers

Among the loose flowers the jasmine is very important and remunerative crop. Multiuse of these flowers like used as loose flowers as well as for extraction of essential oil makes it more remunerative. The Indian J. grandiflorum compared favorably with that of Spanish jasmine, both in yield and quality of oil. The flower is in high demand in places such as Mumbai, besides the coastal region. Local traders collect jasmine flowers from the farmers directly. Jasmine begins to flower in the second year onwards or sometimes even earlier, but economic yields are obtained only from the third year. Prices are decided at the auction centre. Poor women in other cities across India can adopt jasmine cultivation as an activity to earn income and eradicate poverty. Moreover, this activity takes place early morning and the women are free to undertake other work during the day. Though the jasmine is a high capital intensive crop but its cultivation is quite profitable. The investment in jasmine is economically feasible and financially sound. Jasmine is labour-intensive crop, it provide more man days labour per year.

Mulheres rurais, movimento social e participação: reflexões a partir da Marcha das Margaridas

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2016v15nesp1p261O artigo traz algumas considerações sobre a atuação dos movimentos de mulheres rurais, tomando como objeto de reflexão a Marcha das Margaridas, uma ação coletiva protagonizada por mulheres do campo e da floresta, que ocorre a cada quatro anos em Brasília. Considerando-a como parte do processo histórico de organização das mulheres trabalhadoras rurais, procuro resgatar aqui a emergência dos movimentos de mulheres rurais situados no contexto da abertura democrática da década de 1980, e sua atuação em anos recentes, no decorrer dos quais posiciono a Marcha das Margaridas. O artigo mostra que, apresentando uma transformação tanto na sua estrutura e dinâmica organizativa quanto no seu aparecimento público, a Marcha das Margaridas, atuando em rede, tem produzido visibilidade às mulheres do campo e da floresta, tem criado impacto na esfera pública e obtido conquistas para a cidadania, mostrando-se capaz de dialogar com o Estado e incidir sobre as políticas públicas.

The Role of Socio-economical Factors of Micro-credit Funds in Improving Rural Women Entrepreneurship Development

<p>This study tries to identify the individual, social and economical role of rural women’s micro-credit funds of Semnan city, in developing the entrepreneurship of women. To achieve this goal, 170 women of four funds of Semnan villages were selected. Independent variable factors including economical, social and cultural factors via funds in to dependent variable that is women’s entrepreneurship developing and itself classifies to and entrepreneurs characteristics (risk, internal, control focus, opportunism, ambiguity tolerance, innovation) were studied. The study uses the correlation methodology and the type of selection is sampling (N=170). The questionnaire was used as a tool of gathering information. For a descriptive evaluation, the questionnaire has been answered by supervisors, experts and consultants in agricultural extension and education field who are responsible for Semnan credit funds. For the reliability of the results, 300 questionnaires were filled out by 30 female members of the funds other than Semnan town funds. (Om abeha) rural women funds of Darjazin. Filled out questionnaires were calculated by SPSS software and kronbakh alpha coefficient. krnbakh alpha of 88.5% show the extend of which different parts of the question are reliable and validity. The results of multi – regression show that (satisfaction of presented activities and self confidence) that are cultural- social factors of fund, and (scale of income from plan and theory than marketing and market survey and sale) that are economical factors of fund, have important and basic role in women entrepreneurship developing.</p>

The Role of Rural Women in Agriculture A case study of Algeria

This paper provides evidence on the crucial role of women in agriculture and rural development. It presents the results of a research conducted 140 rural women in agricultural farms in western Algeria concerned women’s participation in agricultural activities. This document re affirms that women make essential contributions to agriculture and rural enterprises across the developing world. Women are major producers of food, earners of household income

Participation and role of rural women in decision making related to farm activities: A study in Burdwan district of West Bengal

This study analysed women's participation and decision making process in farming activities in Katwa Block-I of Burdwan district, India. Most rural women farmers sampled in this study were young in the age group between 20–35 years; predominantly on nuclear families; and from Hindu SC & ST and Hindu OBC households. WPR in farming activities decreased with the increase of education levels. Large number of women respondents was engaged in agricultural labours. It was observed that decision making power was positively correlated with the age of the women. Education of farm women was found effective in the participation of farm women in agricultural decision making process. Respondents of forward castes participated in farming decisions with greater frequencies than SC and ST. Although, the decision making score was higher among the male farmers, most decisions were taken jointly by both female and male participants indicating the development of social status of the farming women.

Role of Rural Women in Decision Making Process Regarding Livestock Management

Livestock is generally considered a key asset for rural livelihoods. Rural women play critical, diverse roles in livestock production in the rural economies of developing countries as unpaid workers. They embark on various activities of livestock management like watering and feeding of animals, cleaning activities and milking. However, their involvement as decision makers regarding various livestock activities is still dubious. Hence the present study was conducted to determine the contribution of rural women in decision-making in livestock management. A sample of 100 female respondents was selected randomly from five villages of Kathua district of Jammu and Kashmir through multistage random sampling technique. Scrutiny of the data shows that rural women's participation was relatively high in activities like care of new born calf, care of sick animals, cleaning activities, produce and feeding of animals. However, their participation was relatively low in activities like sale of animals, breeding of animals, fodder harvesting, cultivation and maintenance of animals’ sheds. Male dominance and traditional belief system were the main factors which had affected the involvement of rural women in decision making process.

Roles of Rural Women in Livelihood and Sustainable Food Security in Ethiopia: A Case Study from Delanta Dawunt District, North Wollo Zone

This study was conducted at Delanta Dawunt District, which was characterized by high population density, recurrent drought and food insecurity. By so doing, it has assessed the various ranges of activities that are performed by women and identified the overall problems encountered by women. To these end, attempts have been made by rural women to identify their roles in livelihood and sustainable food security in Ethiopia in general and the Delanta Dawunt District in particular. The study was conducted by taking four sampled rural local districts from a total of 44 local districts. Household surveys were made by taking 160 women and 40 men. The interviewees were selected using stratified random sampling technique in 50 households from each local district. The data were analyzed using percentage, mean score, cumulative frequency and Chi-Square tests. As the results shown, women were more participating in a wide range of poverty alleviation. They were food producers and providers in Delanta Dawunt District. Despite their fundamental roles in agricultural sectors and sustainable food security, women have been marginalized for so long. Among the total respondents, about 85, 80, 71 and 54 % of the respondents stated that women were more venerable for quality and quantity of food, water, health services and fuel wood, respectively and 65% of adults (women) ate twice per day (mornings and evenings). This occurred under the normal and good harvesting seasons. In terms of agro-ecology, two meals per day were more common in Woina Dega (72%), Dega (70%) and Kolla (46%). In general, women have limited access of dietary composition of nutritional meals in the study area. Among the crop production activities, storage preparation (92%) and storing processes (83%) were mainly performed by women, weeding, harvesting and post-harvesting, and threshing field preparation tasks shared equally with men by 53, 50 and 83%, respectively. With respect to livestock management, women have taken a lion’s share. Of the livestock management tasks, milk processing 83%), caring of new borne animals (52%) and barn cleaning (63%), and almost all the household duties were predominantly performed by women. Women have also limited access of agricultural products, credit facilities, skill training, education, extension services and information. To strengthen and develop women involvement in livelihood and sustainable food security all concerned bodies should take appropriate measures to empower women’s in education and training. The packages of development including improvements in income, health, nutrition and education should be addressed women’s.