Role Of Rural Women Research Articles

Role of Rural Women in Production and Marketing of Agricultural product in Khormal Sub-District- Halabja Governorate

The aim of this study was to determine the role of rural women in production and marketing of agricultural products in Zalm village, and identify the differences in production and marketing of agricultural products of rural women’s role according to some variables (Age, Level of Education, Marital status, number of family, Standard of Living, Profession and Women’s income). The research population involved all women in zalm village included (50) women. The data was collected through personal interviews; questionnaire was prepared for this purpose, to confirm the validity the questionnaire was reviewed by some experts. The results showed that the Role of rural women’s in Agricultural production was medium tend to low, while the Role of rural women’s in marketing of agricultural products was low tend to medium. The results indicated significant differences in women’s role of agricultural production according to (Level of Education, Standard of Living, and profession), while no-significant differences according to (age, Marital status, number of family, Women’s income), also The results appeared significant differences in women’s role of agricultural marketing according (Level of Education, and profession), while no significant differences according (age, Marital status, number of family, Standard of Living, Women’s income). Depending on the results we conclude that the work in the agricultural sector has changed due to the lack of government support for farmers in terms of providing agriculture Requirements for production or marketing of their products. The result shows that the level of education affects the role of women in production and marketing, as well as educational levels leads to an increase in their awareness and culture, and the expanding their knowledge of the importance of the agricultural sector. The Researcher recommended encouraging and supporting rural women to engage in agricultural work by the responsible authorities, and increasing their awareness of the importance of working in this field through the use of various extension methods, as well as working to provide agricultural production and marketing requirements so that their potential is properly exploited for the development of the agricultural sector.

Role of rural women in income generation through animal husbandry

Role of rural women in income generation through animal husbandry

Role of rural women on the agritourism entrepreneurial behavior in Tunisia

Role of rural women on the agritourism entrepreneurial behavior in Tunisia

Role of Rural Women in Sustaining the Fish Crackers Business: A Case Study in South Sumatra

The rural woman is a valuable human resource, especially in fulfilling the economic functions of the family and the home alongside males. In rural families, women perform not only a reproductive but also a productive and social role. This research is original because it examines the contribution of women in rural areas, particularly in villages with local potentials, such as river and swamp fish. Women transform fish into crackers, which they sell to increase the family’s income. This study examines rural women’s contribution to the fish crackers business. The qualitative research was conducted in Tebing Gerinting Village, South Indralaya Sub-district, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra. Data collection technique involving in-depth interviews with the informant. Using qualitative analysis methods, the collected data were analyzed. Women perform a variety of roles in the production of crackers fish, including dough preparation, crackers fish formation, boiling, drying/drying process, roasting, packaging, and sales. Fish crackers are a commercially produced item that incorporates the contributions of women. Women in the manufacturing crackers fish business have difficulty finding laborers. There is no business capital because the raw materials for making fish crackers are supplied by fixed-supply agents. The agents of the fish were from Palembang, while the agents of tapioca flour were from Lampung. All family members are involved in the marketing of fish crackers. They sold to the market in Tanjung Raja, Indralaya, and even to outside areas such as Pendopo, Kayuagung, Komering, Sungai Pinang, Ketapang, Tanjung Enim, Lahat, Prabumulih, Palembang and up to outside the cities, such as Lampung. Additionally, they sell fish crackers on the road next to their home. The contribution of women to economically productive activities can ensure the survival and growth of venture fish crackers. It can increase their family’s nutritional security.

The Role of Rural Women in Developing Animal and Poultry Production in Some Villages of Menoufia Governorate, Egypt

استهدف هذا البحث بصفة رئيسية التعرف على الأدوار التى تقوم بها الريفيات في تنمية الإنتاج الحيواني والداجني بمنطقة الدراسة، وتحديد مستوى تلك الأدوار، ثم الوقوف على مصادر معلومات الريفيات في مجالي الإنتاج الحيواني والداجني، وأخيرا تحديد طبيعة العلاقة بين المتغيرات المستقلة المدروسة وبين دور المرأة الريفية في تنمية الإنتاج الحيواني والداجني بمنطقة الدراسة. تم إجراء هذا البحث بمحافظة المنوفية على عينة قوامها 364 مبحوثة من حجم الشاملة، وجمعت البيانات البحثية بالمقابلة الشخصية بواسطة استمارة الاستبيان خلال شهر أغسطس لعام 2022، وتم معالجة البيانات كميا وتحليلها إحصائيا باستخدام العرض الجدولى بالتكرار، والنسب المئوية، والمتوسط الحسابي، ومعامل الارتباط البسيط، والتحليل الانحدارى المتعدد المتدرج الصاعد. وكانت أهم النتائج كما يلي: - تتمتع المرأة الريفية بخبرة عالية في مجال الإنتاج الحيواني والداجني بنسبة 51% خاصة في عملية التربية والعلاج، كما اتضح أن حوالى 80 % من الريفيات المبحوثات مستوى الدور الذى يقمن به في تربية ورعاية الحيوانات المزرعية مرتفع. - أن أهم مصادر المعلومات بالنسبة للريفيات المبحوثات هى كبار الزراع بمتوسط مرجح 2.4 درجة، ثم الطبيب البيطري بمتوسط مرجح 2.3 درجة، وأخيرا الجيران والأقارب والأصدقاء بمتوسط مرجح 1.7 درجة. - وكانت أهم محددات الأدوار هي مشاركة المرأة الريفية في الأنشطة البيطرية والإرشادية، وتوفر مصادر المعلومات، وتوافر مستلزمات الإنتاج. - ومن المشاكل الشائعة التي تواجه الريفيات المبحوثات هي ارتفاع اسعار مستلزمات الإنتاج، وسوء حال الأسواق وبعدها عن القرية، وقلة حملات التوعية والإرشاد البيطري. - وأخيرًا، كانت أكثر الاقتراحات والحلول هي تشجيع إقامة مصانع للأعلاف، وتطوير أسواق الماشية، وتوعية المربين ببرامج التحصين للمواشي وطرق الوقاية بنسبة 100 % لكل منهم.

The Contribution of Women Farming Workers on Household Income

The village of Sugihwaras of Lamongan Regency is an agricultural area where most of the farmers are paddy farmers with female farm workers. One aspect to examine in the area is the role of rural women in agriculture as members of the household, the outpouring of workdays they do for their daily activities, and to what extent this affects their family's farming income. The study aimed to determine the number of working hours and the contribution of female farm labourers to household income. The study employed a simple random sampling of 60 respondents with interview techniques using a questionnaire. The method of analysis was descriptive analysis. The results obtained that the working hours of female farm workers for one year per hectare of the land area were 540 hours, devoted to paddy farming twice annually. The contribution of female farm workers to household income was IDR 1,687,500 per month or IDR48,600,000 per year per hectare, from paddy farming for two growing seasons annually. It is suggested that the amount of working hours and the contribution of female farm workers to household income is very small, so efforts should be made to increase the number of hours they work so that the income they earn can increase. Efforts are being made, namely raising livestock, as well as training in the manufacture of processed by-products of agriculture, for instance by making sweet potato chips and other preparations that can be sold.

Role Of Rural Women in The Economic Sector

Role Of Rural Women in The Economic Sector

The Role of Rural Women’s Occupations on Electrification and Use of Electric Stoves for Households in Busega District, Tanzania

The paper addressed occupations as socio-economic qualities that determine rural women’s capabilities to install and use electric stoves in their households. The study applied the cross-sectional design through conducting a household survey. The study sample size included 210 rural women and seventeen key informants. Qualitative data was analysed through content analysis while the quantitative data was analysed by computing descriptive statistics, cross tabulation and chi-square test. The study established that majority of rural women were interested in installing electricity and using electric cookers in their households. However, households without electricity lacked income for paying the required charges to get services. Men controlled installation and usage of electric cookers in households as they were the main bread winners while women lacked income to meet the required charges. As a result, rural women were negatively affected by the burden of firewood collection and cooking that led into deforestation in the area. The study recommends that sensitization on the installation and use of electric cookers should be done to rural women to increase their awareness on the benefits of adopting them. In addition, development stakeholders should support rural women by increasing their capacity for conducting income generation activities to get higher profits.

‘No Longer the Preserve of Townsfolk’: Female Electrical Mediators in Northern Scotland and the Craibstone School of Rural Domestic Economy, 1923–1939

This article examines the role of rural women as electrical mediators in the north of Scotland during the interwar years, focusing on the activities of female representatives of the Craibstone School of Rural Domestic Economy (CSRDE). During this period, female teachers and students working for the CSRDE adopted and promoted electrical appliances, fostering enthusiasm for electrification among women living in the north of Scotland. Notably, at the Highland Show in 1935, students from the CSRDE entertained thousands of visitors by demonstrating appliances from an ‘all-electric’ kitchen, stimulating a trend for domestic electrical displays at future Highland Shows. Significantly, this article adds to the historiography of the electrification of Scotland, which has hitherto been dominated by male actors. Beyond Scotland, scholars have argued that affluent urban women framed electrification as an opportunity for liberation from the domestic sphere. However, using the records from the CSRDE, I recover the overlooked attitudes of rural women and show that they did not conceive of electrical appliances in the same light. This article provides an insight into the vital, yet forgotten, mediating role that rural women performed between the electrical industry and consumers.

Sociological Analysis of Women Participation in Agricultural Activities in District Rajanpur Punjab, Pakistan

In developed countries where agriculture is the main source of income, women play an important role in agriculture. However, due to a variety of factors in these countries, especially the patriarchal-based system of rural communities in the majority of the region, particularly in Pakistan, their contribution has remained secret. To learn more about these contributions, the current research was carried out in the Punjab district of Rajanpur in Pakistan to determine the extent of women's involvement in agriculture and the health issues that these women faced. A total of 230 female respondents were chosen from the village of Rakh Fazil Pur in the district of Rajan Pur using a purposive sampling technique. A depth interview technique was used to collect data. Females were involved in nearly all activities (p<0.05), from domestic to fieldwork, and they often had health issues. Women agricultural agents should be appointed to address rural women and to bridge the information gap between rural women and research. The role of rural women should be promoted through print and electronic media. Rural women are also involved in a number of activities in livestock raising fodder cutting, chopping, feeding livestock bathing, washing livestock milking cow and goats.

RURAL WOMEN’S ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICE: A CASE STUDY OF MUZAFFARGARH

Pakistan is a developing country with 67% people lived in rural areas. Health is one of its leading problems. Pakistan's rural communities is severely impacted by this issue. Allocation and distribution of resources in the Pakistan is unequal because of this inequality, rural community suffers a lot regarding serious health issues and facing many dangerous diseases. Several developing countries have contracted out public health facilities to the Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) to improve service utilization. A sample of 100 females was selected by using simple random sampling technique from randomly selected four UCs in which MuradpurJanobi, Sultan pur, Fathepur and KhairPur Sadat and 25 respondents were selected from each UC. In depth interview technique was used to collect data. Females were involved in nearly all activities (p<0.05), from domestic to field work, and they often had health issues. The role of rural women should be promoted through print and electronic media. Health promotion campaigns are needed to change existing health-seeking behaviors among rural women. Social arrangements should be thoughtfully considered to make the health system more responsive. More female staff needs to be deployed in government health facilities. Rural women poorer health outcome and less access to health care. In many rural areas, women’s health providers are limited. Rural women's issues vary depending by region and state. Health care professionals should be aware of this issue and advocate for rural women’s issues.Keywords: Health services and facilities, rural women, health Reason

The Role of Rural Women’s Vocational Skills Training in Improving Their Entrepreneurial and Employability

The Role of Rural Women’s Vocational Skills Training in Improving Their Entrepreneurial and Employability

AGRICULTURE RESEARCH, EXTENSION AND GENDER ISSUES

Despite women being the backbone of agricultural development, they are typically wrongly characterized as economically inactive. Many gender issues and inequalities are still prevalent in our society, which are the true barriers to real agricultural development. The roles of woman in farming system research and extension (FSR/E) have not been included but they are the ultimate target of the approach. This paper aims to discuss different gender issues, analyse the role of gender in research and extension and compare different extension education approaches related to extension education. Different articles related to agriculture extension approaches, gender issues, and the role of rural women is peer-reviewed. There are different barriers like women’s daily workload, cultural and legal status, property rights, inherent right different relationship, social contact, bias in training centres, and lack of flow of information’s, etc. for gender-based research and extension system. Conventional research and extension system thought to female farmer related to the reproductive and domestic role that underestimates the productive role. Effective research and extension approaches should provide the proper space for women. Their role shouldn’t be bound only to reproductive and domestic work. Extension education approaches should focus on women as a central character of effective learning. Different training programs based on women’s needs and skill development should be organized and should ensure active participation of them.

Changes of Women's Roles in the Context of Rural Tourism Development: Case of "Beautiful South" in Nanning, China

Tourism, as an important part of modern industry, has had a great impact on the changes of women's roles in rural tourism destinations, but it has not been paid enough attention by researchers in previous studies. Taking the "Beautiful South" rural tourism project as an example, the author explores the reasons and circumstances of women's participation in rural tourism from the perspective of gender, and the impact of rural tourism on the changes in the role of local women. This study found that women's participation in rural tourism production activities is more active than men, and the reasons for their participation are diverse. The economic growth brought about by the development of rural tourism is one of the important driving forces for the changes in the role of rural women. The strict gender division in production and labor no longer exists, and the initiative and independence of local women in the economy have been improved. And there has been a trend of women transforming from passive recipients of the original life model to active pursuit of ideal life, from being a victim of the right to self-education under the pressure of family conditions and local traditions to being the leader of the right to self-education. However, it has not completely deviated from the traditional division of labor of "male leading the outside and female leading the inside". There is still a long way to go before true equality between men and women and women's complete autonomy in all aspects.

The Role of Rural Women in Dairy Activities in Bhadrak District of Odisha

The present study was conducted in Bhadrak District of Odisha to find out the role of rural women in dairy activities. A total of 120 respondents were selected randomly for the present study. The data were collected through a pre-structured interview schedule and later appropriate statistical analysis was done to find out the meaningful result. The results showed that the farm women were engaged in almost all dairy activities. However, they were actively participating in milking, feeding of grains, making dairy products etc. but they were having less participation in activities like ,protecting cattle against parasites, insemination of cattle, veterinary care etc. The association between some selected independent variables with participation of women in dairy activities was also found. Education, mass media exposure and extension contact were found to be significantly related to participation of rural women in dairy activities.

Status of Rural Women in Dairy Farming in Amritsar District of Punjab

The present study examines the status of rural women in dairy farming in Amritsar district of Punjab. The study was based on the primary data collected for 2019-20 year from female dairy farmers selected through multistage purposive sampling technique. The data was analysed by using simple tabular analysis and other statistical tools. All the activities related to dairy farming was performed by female dairy farmers. Small size female dairy farmers performed all the activities related to dairy farming ranging from disposal of cow dung to care of sick and new born animals. Large size female dairy farmers hired labour for dairy activities due to higher income of the households and large number of animals. The role of rural women in decision making is paradoxical to their contribution in dairy farming. For various dairy related decisions like feeding of milch animals, management of milch animals, sale of milk and utilization of amount obtained from dairy farming rural women either only consulted or had no role in decision making. Independent decision making by rural women in dairy related activities was negligible in the study area.
 The major factors affecting the income of female dairy farmers was education, operated area and herd size. The main problems faced by female dairy farmers were negligible role of dairy farm women in decision making, non availability of adequate veterinary services, illiteracy of dairy farm women, lack of staff at government hospitals and lack of capital. The study suggested that to increase the income of rural women from dairy rural women should be more educated and empowered through extension facilities by government. Due to stagnation in growth of agriculture, dairy can be used as an alternative for marginal and small farmers for increasing their income. Marginal and small female dairy farmers should be give more subsidies, loan and training for dairy business. Strict rules should be made regarding working of veterinary hospitals as the doctors were not available in the government veterinary hospitals in the study area.

The Role Of Rural Women In Produclng Clean, Safe And Healthy Milk "A Stud At One Of The Villages In Tanta District, Gharbia Governorate"

The Role Of Rural Women In Produclng Clean, Safe And Healthy Milk "A Stud At One Of The Villages In Tanta District, Gharbia Governorate"

Role of Rural Women in Organic Farming: A Case Study From Turkey

In this study, it was aimed to determine the participation tendencies in organic agriculture activities of women living in rural areas of the northwestern part of Turkey. The data were collected from 183 rural women by simple random sampling method. The survey was conducted from March to May 2020. The data were evaluated by descriptive statistics, a participation index score and multiple regression analysis. According to the results of the participation index score, rural women’s participation of in organic farming activities was highest in the fertilizer application stage and the least in the marketing stage. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the participation level of rural women in organic farming activities and socio-economic characteristics (age, education level, household size, organic farming experience, household income, agricultural land asset and participation in agricultural training programs). As a result, the findings of the study are expected to make significant contributions to rural development, province economy and further emphasizing the importance of rural women in organic farming activities.

GENDER ROLE IN POST HARVEST ACTIVITIES: A STUDY IN ASSAM

study conducted on 900 farm families in six agro-climatic zones of the State which clearly indicate an active participation of both women and men in most of the selected activities in the area of post harvesting. Data were collected with the help of interview schedule by personal interview method. Participatory interviews with individual member of the households by using a combination of PRA techniques to quantify gender perspectives were used for data collection. The results indicated that majority of the rural women were working with male members almost in all the activities leaving aside marketing and management of produce at commercial level. . The role of rural women in post harvest operations especially in drying, storage and cleaning of grains was more prominent. It necessary to transfer of technical knowhow on these aspects to women, the technical guidance would help in enhancement of their efficiency and reduced the losses during storage. Such education would lead to increase their income and active role in post harvest activities An effort has The purpose of the study is to recognize the gender role in post harvest activities in rural areas of Assam.The been made in this study to understand the gender role in post harvest operation in Assam so as to know their present participation status. The data will enable for area based programmes to develop capacities of farm women.

Corporate social responsibility and the role of rural women in strengthening agriculture-tourism linkages in Nigeria’s oil producing communities

ABSTRACT This paper extends and contributes to the literature on tourism for transformative and inclusive growth from the corporate social responsibility (CSR) perspective. Specifically, we examine the impact of CSR of multinational oil companies (MOCs) on empowerment of rural women in strengthening agriculture-tourism linkages in Niger Delta region of Nigeria. A total of 800 rural women were sampled across the region. Results from the use of a logit model indicates that rural women seldom participate in the global memorandum of understandings (GMoUs) interventions in agritourism value chain projects, due to the norms and culture of the rural communities. This implies that if the tradition of the people continues to hinder direct participation of the rural women from GMoUs programmes, achieving gender equality and cultural change would be limited in the region, and rural women would remain excluded from the economic benefits of agritourism when compared with the male counterparts. The finding suggests that, GMoU interventions engaging women smallholders in the tourism value chain can be important vehicle for advancing gender empowerment and fostering social inclusion. Also, cluster development boards (CDBs) should pay close attention to which extent the participation of rural women in the GMoUs projects may be limited by traditions.