Role Of Research Institutions Research Articles

Life scientists’ experience with posting preprints during the COVID-19 pandemic

AbstractIn the COVID-19 pandemic, it was much more critical for many life science researchers to rapidly disseminate research results—so they used preprints as upstream publication opportunities. This was rather new to the life sciences where preprint servers had only appeared as early as 2013. With a mixed-methods-study we examined this development and investigated whether preprint posting is a temporary phenomenon or the beginning of a cultural shift in publishing behavior in the life sciences. First, we conducted a survey of researchers who have posted COVID-19 related preprints. We investigated experiences with posting preprints during the COVID-19 pandemic, motivations for and concerns about posting preprints, the role of research institutions or funders, and the future of preprint publishing. Answers were grouped to compare differences between respondents’ gender, career stage, region of origin (global south or global north) and experience with posting preprints before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We further analyzed eight popular preprint repositories regarding the number of posted preprints and preprint characteristics, such as the number of authors and citations. Interestingly, survey and preprint server analysis have presented different, if not contradicting results: While the majority of surveyed researchers was willing to continue posting preprints, the numbers of preprints published, especially on servers for the life sciences, have stagnated or declined. Also, while certain preprints garnered substantial citations during the COVID-19 pandemic, this has not resulted in a significant shift in researchers’ publishing behavior, and the posting of preprints has not become a routine. We concluded that the sustainability of preprint publishing practices is more strongly influenced by disciplinary norms and practices than by external shocks as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Let Them Dive into Ocean Science: The Role of Research Institutions in Public Engagement

Let Them Dive into Ocean Science: The Role of Research Institutions in Public Engagement

Research Integrity Supervision Practices and Institutional Support: A Qualitative Study.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10805-022-09468-y.

The role of research institutes in scientific support of state strategic plans

Object: Article determines the main directions and conceptual approaches of research institutions in the framework of scientific support for the methodology of strategic planning in modern conditions.Methods: The scientific abstraction method supported with information analysis and grouping.Results: This article discusses current problems and key tasks of modernizing scientific-methodological and information-analytical support for the state strategic management of socio-economic development. Main trends in the evolution of objects and subjects of management in the conditions of digital transformation of the information society are investigated. In addition, this research describes the institutional basis for building and functioning of the strategic planning system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Also, the article presents a structural diagram of a complex of heterogeneous models of strategic planning of socio-economic development. Project solutions have been proposed to build architecture and develop a prototype computer support system for scenario modeling technology in the development of multi-level strategic solutions for the planning of socio-economic development in the emerging infrastructure of the digital economy.Conclusions: The study showed the importance and urgency of modernizing the methodological and analytical support of the strategic planning system of the Republic of Kazakhstan, considering the main consequences and requirements for the creation and dissemination of digital technologies in various spheres of society. The most important characteristics of innovative changes in the structure and content of strategic planning tasks, the solution of which relates to the unification of the format of presentation of quantitative and qualitative assessments in the digital environment have been revealed. This can improve the degree of validity and coherence of the planned decisions and regulatory measures developed by the state in the area of planning of socio-economic development and ensuring the national security of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Communication of Organizations in Organizations Change’s Phenomenon in Research and Development Institution

When the change has become a necessity for organizational life and it is important to increase the productivity and role of research institutions, it must be done. Change as a necessity needs to be pursued and carried out with a mature strategy to be able to minimize resistance and material and immaterial costs. The immaterial aspect that plays a very important role and as a key is an organizational communication that needs to be prepared as a strategy that can have an extraordinary influence on the success of the organizational change. But what about when these changes are not optimally communicated? The purpose of this study is to examine the dynamics of the phenomenon of organizational communication dynamics in a research institution that carries out organizational change. This research has benefits because it can provide a critical picture and analysis of organizational change in terms of organizational communication dynamics in research institutions. This research method uses a qualitative phenomenological approach to capture the image meaning of a series of events in the process of organizational change in research institutions from the aspect of organizational communication. The phenomenon of organizational change began with various rejections from various levels of employees both researchers and non-researchers who demanded openness and certainty and maintain the honor of the institution as a research institution. The demand for information disclosure is a reflection of the inability of the organization's management to communicate the planned change strategy to cause resistance to the process.

A PERAN KELEMBAGAAN AGRIBISNIS DALAM MENYUKSESKAN PROGRAM KETAHANAN PANGAN RIAU DI KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU

This study aims to determine farmers' perceptions of the role of agribusiness institutions and shape of roles agribusiness institutions in helping farmers deal with various farming problems and increasing rice productivity in Rokan Hulu Regency. The study was conducted by survey with a qualitative descriptive analysis method. Research respondents were 40 rice farmers scattered in Rokan Hulu Regency. Based on the research results it is known that 1. institute of agricultural inputs available at the village level with the acquisition of a score of 3.75 category of "have a role", especially in providing of inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides and agricultural equipment at affordable prices for farmers. 2. financial institutions "quite instrumental" in providing of rice farm financing with a score of 2.61, with a lower percentage of farmers participating in accessing finance facilities (22.5%) were affected by the system of repayment the loan, the interest rate and the level of risk faced. 3. The Postharvest Institution received a score of 4.38 in the "very instrumental" category for farmers in managing crop yields, as a milling and marketing service for harvest available in the village by setting prices and payment systems in favor of farmers. 4. Farmers' institutions (farmer groups) in each village "play a role" score of 3.63 in farming activities because by joining into farmer groups farmers have more access in obtaining subsidies for input production and agricultural machinery technology from the government, obtaining information in the application of agricultural cultivation technology innovations renewable effort to improve yield productivity and efficiency in the use of local resources. Paddy farmers in Rokan Hulu Subdistrict stated that the government "has a role to play" score of 3.14 in motivating farmers to increase productivity of their farming products, especially in the aspect of strengthening agricultural infrastructure and revitalizing production inputs. Extension institutions as part of the government increase human resources and strengthen Farmer Institutions "play a role" score of 3.77 in rice farming as a forum for education, facilitation, information / innovation dissemination, consultation and supervision. While the role of research institutes and universities is still not directly felt by farmers in developing farmers to increase farm productivity.

Potential use of wild plants in floriculture

Over recent years, the floriculture trade, in particular cut flowers and potted ornamentals, has been on the rise, driven by the growing interest of society in its environmental and well-being benefits. Consequently, it is in the best interest of floriculturists, extension specialists and scientists to tap upcoming trends and opportunities for new ornamental plants. Wild plants could represent potential candidates to be used as ornamentals. The term “wild” when applied to plant species refers to those that grow spontaneously in self-maintaining populations in natural or semi-natural ecosystems and can exist independently of direct human action. Although often overlooked with respect to their commercial development, wild plant species can have a considerable role in floriculture. Wild plants are also successfully used in sustainable landscaping and xeriscaping for their beauty, functionality in maintaining environmental stability in terms of resource preservation, low water consumption, reduced demand for pesticides and other chemical inputs, suitability in preserving valuable wildlife habitats as well as reduced maintenance and labor costs. With respect to the contribution of wild plants to improved flower trade, aspects to be considered include: i) conservation and sustainable use of wild species; ii) identification of wild species useful as sources of new ornamentals; iii) germplasm conservation; and iv) the role of research institutions and nurseries in the innovation process. This review gives an overview of all these aspects in relation to the Mediterranean basin, which is considered to be one of the planet's biodiversity 'hotspots', because of its high level of endemism.

The Role of Public Nutrition Research Organizations in the Construction, Implementation and Evaluation of Evidence-Based Nutrition Policy: Two National Experiences in Mexico.

Malnutrition and poor diet are the largest risk factors responsible for the global burden of disease. Therefore, ending all forms of malnutrition by 2030 is a global priority. To achieve this goal, a key element is to design and implement nutrition policies based on the best available scientific evidence. The demand for evidence-based nutrition policies may originate directly from policymakers or through social actors. In both cases, the role of research institutions is to generate relevant evidence for public policy. The two key objects of analysis for the design of an effective policy are the nutrition conditions of the population and the policies and programs available, including the identification of delivery platforms and competencies required by personnel in charge of the provision of services (social response). In addition, systematic literature reviews about risk factors of malnutrition, as well as the efficacy and effectiveness of policy actions, lead to evidence-based policy recommendations. Given the multifactorial nature of malnutrition, the drivers and risk factors operate in several sectors (food and agriculture, health, education, and social development) and may be immediate, underlying or basic causes. This multilevel complexity should be considered when developing nutrition policy. In this article, we show two models for the evidence-based design of nutrition policies and programs that may be useful to academia and decision makers demonstrated by two examples of policy design, implementation and evaluation in Mexico.

Success Factors of Asia-Pacific Fast-Developing Regions’ Technological Innovation Development and Economic Growth

Asia-Pacific’s fast-developing countries and regions (FDCs)—South Korea, Taiwan Province of China, Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand—demonstrate the most successful economic development models. The government represents the primary guarantee of FDCs’ economic and social construction. Public and foreign investments and government policies to stimulate local and foreign businesses play a decisive role in the development of technological innovations in these FDCs. In these countries, basic research is increasing through the development of knowledge-based industries, the role of research institutes, the applied research undertaken, and the value of educational institutions. Close cooperation between science and industry led to a change in the structure and nature of the economy, which has become increasingly dependent on new knowledge and ideas.

University Policy as an Object of Harmonious Development and State Regulation

The article proposes the concept of harmonious development and state regulation of the activities of higher education institutions with the aim of its adaptation in the system of higher education in Ukraine. The preconditions that lead to the development and introduction of a qualitatively new way of development of higher education are outlined. The main characteristics of the harmonious path of development are presented. As an example, the harmonious functioning of the Shanghai International Studies University is considered. The combination of the American approach to the organization of higher education with the traditions of the East is described. Emphasis is placed on the factor of mentality when organizing the university education system. The work focuses on the expansion of student international horizons, the priority of international development of the university. The influence of the university on the formation of general public opinion in China is indicated, and the university’s role in the adoption of diplomatic decisions is noted. The role of research institutes and university centers united in one academic space with the help of powerful multilingual programmes and interdisciplinary resources is emphasized. The importance of internship visits within China and abroad to exchange scientific and academic achievements and experience in higher education has been emphasized. The accent is made on the close connection of the University with the state administration, which is manifested at the level of discipline selection, the regulation of the system of faculties or specialties corresponding to the needs of the region or the country as a whole. On the basis of the survey, a scheme for the harmonization of the development of a higher educational institution was developed. There is offered the method of implementing harmonious development and state regulation of Ukrainian higher education institutions as a result of attracting effective factors, which will allow to succeed in the project realization.

Urban living labs for sustainability and low carbon cities in Europe: towards a research agenda

Urban living labs (ULLs) are emerging as a form of collective urban governance and experimentation to address sustainability challenges and opportunities created by urbanisation. ULLs have different goals, they are initiated by various actors, and they form different types of partnerships. There is no uniform ULL definition. However, many projects studying and testing living lab methodologies are focusing on urban sustainability and low carbon challenges, as demonstrated by the current projects funded by the Joint Programming Initiative (JPI) Urban Europe. At the same time, there is no clear understanding of what the ultimate role of ULLs is in urban governance, and whether they represent a completely new phenomenon that is replacing other forms of participation, collaboration, experimentation, learning and governing in cities. There is a need to clarify what makes the ULL approach attractive and novel. The aim of this article is to develop current understandings through an examination of how the ULL concept is being operationalised in contemporary urban governance for sustainability and low carbon cities. This is undertaken through the analysis of academic literature complemented with five snapshot case studies of major ongoing ULL projects funded by JPI Urban Europe. Five key ULL characteristics are identified and elaborated: geographical embeddedness, experimentation and learning, participation and user involvement, leadership and ownership, and evaluation and refinement. The paper concludes by outlining a research agenda that highlights four key topics: ways in which the ULL approach is operationalised, the nature of ULL partnerships and the role of research institutions, the types of challenges addressed by different ULLs, and the role of sustainability and low carbon issues in framing ULLs.

Collaboration partner portfolio along the growth of Chinese firms' innovation capability: configuration, evolution and pattern

This paper examines RD 2) the partner portfolios of CMEs with high growth rate are characterised by a smaller number of partners, lower level of repeated partnerships and higher collaboration intensity, while the low-growth CMEs just show an opposite trend; 3) universities have gradually become the most prominent partners of both high-growth and low-growth CMEs, but the firms are also experiencing a significant growth in their portfolios. By contrast, the role of research institutes is decreasing rapidly, especially in low-growth CMEs. Finally, four typical collaboration patterns are drawn from in-depth analysis of Chinese collaborating firms.

Analysis of the Business Alliance in Food-Related Industries : International Comparison between Niigata Prefecture of Japan and Heilongjiang Province of China

In this study, the actual conditions of a business alliance in food-related industries, its influence on the performance of enterprises and the role of research institutions and administrative bodies were clarified by an analysis based on the results of a questionnaire survey for both Heilongjiang Province of China and Niigata Prefecture of Japan. First, from the analysis of food related companies, it was clarified that a business alliance is developed based on the business environment and the management strategies of the companies, and contributes to the performance of the company by encouraging innovation. Second, from the analysis of the research institutions, it was shown that if these institutions only stay with the purchase of the information etc., even when participating in the network, a business alliance seldom leads to a technology transfer and technological development no matter how high the expectations for making the study results a business. Third, from the analysis on the administrative bodies, it was clarified that the approach for the “Industry Accumulative Development” policy developed by the district installation was not widely advanced, and the realities revealed an insufficient innovation in the development district installation. In conclusion, based on the above-mentioned analytical results, constructing a network by promoting business alliances between enterprises, and forming an industrial cluster can be effective cluster strategies.JFL Classification: M16, O19, L25, R11

The role of research institutions in the formation of the biotech cluster in Massachusetts: The MIT experience

Based on the MIT experience and that of other US universities, the formation and sustained existence of biotechnology company clusters are discussed. A cluster's origin and continued health are dependent upon government funding of state-of-the-art science in universities and institutions. Effective technology transfer is also necessary with a formal legal infrastructure for university participation and sufficient funds to file patents. The formation of new companies requires a business infrastructure in the community and talented people: researchers; technology transfer professionals; entrepreneurial company founders; scientists and managers to staff the companies; and knowledgeable investors. Finding people gets easier as clusters grow. It takes a whole community to build a biotechnology cluster – but once built, the cluster can achieve a sustaining life that strengthens itself.

The role of research institutions in the formation of the biotech cluster in Massachusetts: The MIT experience

Based on the MIT experience and that of other US universities, the formation and sustained existence of biotechnology company clusters are discussed. A cluster's origin and continued health are dependent upon government funding of state-of-the-art science in universities and institutions. Effective technology transfer is also necessary with a formal legal infrastructure for university participation and sufficient funds to file patents. The formation of new companies requires a business infrastructure in the community and talented people: researchers; technology transfer professionals; entrepreneurial company founders; scientists and managers to staff the companies; and knowledgeable investors. Finding people gets easier as clusters grow. It takes a whole community to build a biotechnology cluster – but once built, the cluster can achieve a sustaining life that strengthens itself.

Mental Health Research in Low and Middleincome Countries: Role of Research Institutions

Mental Health Research in Low and Middleincome Countries: Role of Research Institutions

The role of research institutions in seed-related disaster relief: Seeds of Hope experiences in Rwanda.

The article describes the efforts of a coalition of agricultural research centres, Seeds of Hope (SOH) in the rebuilding, of Rwanda, after the genocide and war of 1994. Research involvement in emergency relief and rehabilitation was unusual at the time and SOH had to forge its unique complementary role. Focusing on crop and variety development and conservation it: provided technical advice to relief agencies on seed procurement; used its baseline ken to assess the effects of war on seed diversity and seed security; made preparations to restore specific germplasm (which, fortunately, proved unnecessary) and spent substantial effort on rebuilding human resource capacity in research as well as basic scientific facilities. The involvement of SOH highlighted the critical, yet very different, roles for research during emergency versus rehabilitation periods and demonstrated the cost effectiveness of building in a diagnostic component--before massive seed or germplasm distributions are programmed.

Assessing the Role of Research Institutions in US Economic Development

Assessing the Role of Research Institutions in US Economic Development

University-industry research interactions: A guide to the proceedings

Concern for economic growth in the industrialized countries has focused attention on society's use of technical resources. One mechanism for enhancing the effectiveness of the reservoir of science and engineering is university-industry interactions. There are growing indications that such linkages are now becoming more formal, more frequent, more planned. Why is this so? What objectives are served? How can these interactions produce the most effective use of our technical resources to serve universities, industry, and society? These questions are addressed from different viewpoints in the papers contained in this collection. There are different objectives, and, therefore, different emphases from the many countries represented. There are different characteristics for each major industry sector, and there are indications that the nature of the industry is at least as important in determining the degree of university-industry cooperation as the nature of the country. And there are a number of issues of particular interest that call for special attention, such as the role of research institutes or the problems of regional economic development.