Role Of Public Space Research Articles

공용 공간의 패러다임 변화와 질적 공간 분석 - 500병상 이상 국내 종합병원 진입층을 중심으로 -

Entrance floor in hospital has became important space for medical service in holistic perspective and image enhancement. However, basically a discussion of the qualitative properties and the role of public space is paucity in change of public spaces paradigm. In accordance with this problem, this study consider the change of paradigm in public space based on earlier studies and create classification criterion of space. According to the criterion, G/D ratio and the qualitative spatial area ratio of 26 general hospitals which were planned over 500 beds are analyzed by case study method. The conclusion of this study is as follows. 1) The space according to the medical function is variable element. So the public space should be planned from function-subordinate space to self-reliance space in the future. 2) There is no correlation between the high G/D ratio and the high ratio of qualitative spacial area. In other word It's hard to say that the public space which G/D ratio is high is qualitative space. 3) Since 2000, various types in accordance with the circulation system is applied to public space. And ratio of qualitative spacial area is relatively high in the street type and the concourse type. 4) The qualitative spatial area ratio of stay space is higher than passage's one.

El papel de los centros comerciales como simulacros de espacios públicos: el centro comercial Centro Mayor, Bogotá, Colombia

Public space is in an integral part of the cultural richness of cities, and an essential element in the functioning of a democratic society. Made up of the networks of streets, sidewalks, parks and plazas, public space is what makes urban centers living entities. Though its importance is consistently recognized around the world, public space in Latin America has held a special role in society. In the context of Colombia, the role of public space has been shaped not only by its function as a gathering space for citizens, but it has been marked by decades of armed conflict. It was in this context in Colombia that the construction of major shopping malls emerged, becoming an increasingly important part of the commercial sector of Colombian cities, and, according to some authors, providing an alternative ‘public' space in which citizens could gather. This study, through a review of the literature and a survey, summarizes some of the changes that have occurred in the urban public realm of Bogota in the past decades, and hypothesizes the role that major commercial centers are playing in the daily lives of the city's residents.

On Design and Politics of Co-producing Public Space: The Long Marches and the Reincarnation of the ‘Forecourt’ of the Pakistani Nation

The rise in the political power of social media technologies has led to claims about their democratizing and empowering functions. On the one hand, the a-spatial theorization of this ‘rise’ undermines the value and role of public space. On the other, it raises questions about traditional ways of conceptualizing this space. With the intention of broadening the concept of public space, this article investigates key socio-political processes behind temporal events like the ‘long march’ or Occupy movements, and how spatial forms of streets and public spaces interact in producing the image, value and meaning of public space. I assemble a theoretical framework in order to analyse a specific case: the ‘long marches’ and reincarnation of the ‘forecourt’ of the Pakistani nation that materialized in three public spaces in Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad. By focusing on the spatiality of contemporary long marches, my analyses carefully unravels the intertwinement of design and politics in socio-spatial … these public spaces, and concludes that social processes and spatial forms co-define each other.

Assessment Sense of Place, Citizens of Urban Public Space, with Emphasis on the Street a Case Study, Imam Street Mahabad

Socio-demographic features have been reported as an important factor in human attachment to places in several studies. So, regarding the role of public spaces on human social life, this study tries to examine this effect in a certain case in Iran regarding some socio-demographic indicators like: gender, age, education, marriage statue and job. With this aim, we surveyed place attachment in one of the most important public spaces in Mahabad, based on four its dimensions: functional, emotional, behavioral and cognitive attachment. Therefore, significance of the correlations between those socio-demographic indicators and different aspects of place attachment was evaluated. The interviews carried out with 598 of Mahabad citizens that participated in this study by random selection. We analyze the result with SPSS software applying T-test, Pearson correlation and F-test (ANOVA) exams. The results indicate, in comparison with other examined indicators; only user’s education level had significant relation with the place attachment degree and its emotional dimension. In addition, singles, older participants and also labors group reported more behavioral attachment to the place.

Colonial Citizens of a Modern Empire: War, Illiteracy, and Physical Education in Puerto Rico, 1917-1930

Abstract The year 1917 marked a critical moment in the relationship between the United States and its Puerto Rican colony. It was the year the U.S. Congress approved the Jones Act, which further consolidated the island’s colonial relationship to the empire. Through the Jones Act, U.S. Congressmen granted Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship. In turn, Puerto Rican men were asked to fulfill the obligations of their new colonial citizenship and join the U.S. military. The Porto Rican Regiment provided 18,000 colonial military recruits to guard the Panama Canal during the war. How did historical actors make sense of this new colonial citizenship? How did they interpret, debate, and adapt to the newly consolidated colonial status? This essay examines how local teachers and educators defined colonial citizenship. Puerto Rican teachers struggled to promote a citizenship-building project that cultivated student commitment to the patria (the island), while acknowledging the colonial relationship to the United States. In the late 1910s and throughout the 1920s, teachers debated military participation in World War I and the rights and obligations of U.S. citizenship. At the core, these debates were informed by anxieties over broader changes in constructions of gender. In the 1920s, Puerto Rico women aggressively and persistently challenged traditional gender norms. Working-class women joined the labor force in ever larger numbers and led labor strikes. Bourgeois women became teachers, nurses, and social workers. Both groups were committed suffragists. The historiography on citizenship and gender in the 1920s has focused on women’s emerging role in public spaces and their demands for just labor rights and the franchise. In this article, I propose we look at teachers, as intermediate actors in the colonial hierarchy, and examine their anxieties over changing gender norms. They debated men’s capacity to serve in the U.S. military and promoted modern physical education for the regeneration of boys and girls in the service of their patria. Debates among teachers in the 1920s sought to define the new category of colonial citizenship. As they did so, they helped liberalize some gender norms, while ultimately reinforcing patriarchy.

Creating sense of community: The role of public space

A strong sense of community has been associated with improved wellbeing, increased feelings of safety and security, participation in community affairs and civic responsibility. Although interest in how the broader built environment influences sense of community is gaining momentum, there is a dearth of empirical research examining the association between sense of community and the quality of public space. This study investigates the relationship between four public spaces – Public Open Space (POS), community centres, schools and shops – and sense of community in residents of new housing developments in the Perth metropolitan area, Western Australia. Data was obtained from a cross-sectional survey (n = 911), a POS audit, and Geographical Information Systems, and analysed using linear regression. The perceived quality of neighbourhood POS and shops was significantly and positively associated with sense of community. This relationship appears to be unaffected by how frequently people use these spaces. High quality public spaces may be important settings for enhancing sense of community within residents of new housing developments.

English

  During recent years, the concept of social capital has become one of the most popular exports from sociological theory into everyday languages. Social capital has evolved into something of a cure-all for the maladies affecting society in all the countries around the world. The idea of social capital is particularly concerned with the cultivation of good well, fellowship, sympathy, and social intercourse among those that make up a social unit. Most recently, the idea of social capital has been the work of Robert (1993, 2000) who has lunched social capital as a focus for research and policy discussion. Although, scholars concentrate their efforts on the issue of social capital and its impact on societies and nations, this paper examines social capital in relation to other notable contributions from Henri (1991, 1996) who made links among urban life, social fabric, space in time, and social capital. This paper aims to figure out the issues involved in public spaces as representational spaces, and it also shed the light on the role of public spaces in creating social capital. “The city must be a place of transactions, encounters, festivities. Its spaces must not only reflect these functions; they must provide a stage upon which they can be visibly enacted.” This paper utilizes content analysis methodology as an approach to analyzing ideas generated in the field of social capital and theories in urban planning.   Key words: Public space, social capital, urban design.

The Role of Public Spaces in Tabriz Spatial Structure during Qajar

The Role of Public Spaces in Tabriz Spatial Structure during Qajar

Toward a New Social-Political Theory of the Public Trust Doctrine

This Article puts forward a new social–political theory of the public trust doctrine by demonstrating that the doctrine is a legal tool that embodies both rights-conferring and responsibilities-imposing functions. The new theory, as the Article shows, is capable of yielding effective responses to the criticisms that have been leveled against the doctrine and the conventional theories upon which the doctrine was founded. Based on the role of public space in human development, the Article first discusses how and why the public trust doctrine has functioned to protect public spaces by conferring upon citizens four categories of public rights. The Article then argues that we should regard the public trust doctrine as a legal tool to enforce the public trust principle as a fundamental constitutional principle affording citizens fundamental rights over public space that is indispensable for human development. The protection of the public interest under this principle embodies the fundamental human value of protecting public space and underscores the need for the legal system to be shaped in a manner that effectuates this human value. Moreover, the Article contends that while it grants citizens fundamental rights over public spaces, the public trust principle underlying the public trust doctrine also impresses social responsibilities upon the stakeholders regarding the protection of public space. Through the enforcement of social responsibilities, the doctrine promotes a stewardship ethic of protecting the public spaces in society. In this respect, the Article alters the conventional trusteeship model under the public trust doctrine, which deems the government to be the sole trustee responsible for managing public resources. It demonstrates that the social responsibility model of stewardship requires not only the government but also the judiciary and individuals as members of the public to act as the stewards of public resources.

The Role of Public Space in Urban Renewal Strategies in Rotterdam and Dublin

Urban entrepreneurialism has been well investigated, but few publications focus directly upon the role of urban public space in renewal strategies associated with such. Although generally acknowledged as important, public space is often seen as supportive rather than a driving force of urban redevelopment. We compare two cases, Rotterdam and Dublin, in which, in contrast, public space was regarded as essential to urban renewal. We show how municipalities have been active in improving public space with a view to attracting private investment. Additionally, these cases underscore the importance of the local context in examining entrepreneurial planning agendas in different cities.

Violence in street culture: Cross‐cultural comparison of youth groups and criminal gangs

Violence is a widespread phenomenon in juvenile street culture. But the questions of whether this relationship is a deterministic one, and if not, which are the contributing factors, are largely unanswered. This article focuses on the role of public space, starting with a comparison of the meaning of deviant behavior and crime in street culture in Brazil, Russia, and Germany. Focusing on street culture norms and their relevance for youth groups in everyday life, the author shows that there are worldwide similarities, and these are most likely to be seen in disadvantaged neighborhoods. The article deals not only with the question of how people act in conflicts but also focuses on a social order in which the reputation of men is based mainly on questions of masculinity, honor, and power expressed through aggressive behavior. The results are based on more than one hundred semistructured qualitative interviews with street culture youth, prison inmates, adult family members, social workers, police, and researchers that were conducted in recent years in the three countries.The study also describes a typology of conflict behavior among male street culture youth that helps in understanding why even juveniles who were socialized in the milieu of the street culture can reject violence and do not have to turn to violence in all conflicts. The article examines the similarities in the reasons for violence and fear of violence, as well as the differences in frequency and intensity between violent countries (such as Brazil and the Russian Federation) and less violent countries (for example, Germany).

Participation and the role of Public Space

This article examines participatory rights as human rights and considers their importance to the lives of children and young people. It argues that a broad definition of participation needs to be used which takes us from 'round tables' to understanding that young people participate in many different ways. It points out that failure to recognise and respect the many varied ways that children and young people choose to participate results in a breach of their human rights. It shows how our socio-legal system operates to permit and support these breaches of the rights of children and young people, resulting in their alienation from civic society.

Patients and Disease in the Public Space

A shift in thinking is required in our questioning of the patient’s role in public space and the visibility and construction of “disease”. With a focus on the “patient” rather than on other health sector actors such as scientists, researchers, doctors and specialists, the objective of this volume is to consider and analyse in depth the trends in the disclosure of private life, the role of narratives and the “professionalization” of patients; all of which tends to undermine how this sector tra...

Measuring accessibility and utilization of public spaces in Famagusta

Public spaces have a central role, both physically and functionally, in urban planning and development. Many urban theorists state their significant role as one of the principal components of a healthy urban setting. This is in addition to their functional role, when they increase a sense of community when intensive social interaction takes place in these areas. However, recently, they have started to lose significance, when they are neglected in the urban planning process, or when existing spaces are lost. Additionally, accessibility and utilization of these areas decreases, since public spaces are neglected in urban planning and development processes. In this study, public spaces are assessed in terms of accessibility and utilization, regarding the effects of rapid urban growth on their physical and functional structure. This study first evaluates the significance of public spaces in an urban setting; second, determines the variables effective in terms of their accessibility and utilization; third, assesses the factors affecting the accessibility and utilization of public spaces through a questionnaire survey on the role of public spaces in social interaction, and concludes with an evaluation of the results and suggestions for further research.

Measuring accessibility and utilization of public spaces in Famagusta

Public spaces have a central role, both physically and functionally, in urban planning and development. Many urban theorists state their significant role as one of the principal components of a healthy urban setting. This is in addition to their functional role, when they increase a sense of community when intensive social interaction takes place in these areas. However, recently, they have started to lose significance, when they are neglected in the urban planning process, or when existing spaces are lost. Additionally, accessibility and utilization of these areas decreases, since public spaces are neglected in urban planning and development processes. In this study, public spaces are assessed in terms of accessibility and utilization, regarding the effects of rapid urban growth on their physical and functional structure. This study first evaluates the significance of public spaces in an urban setting; second, determines the variables effective in terms of their accessibility and utilization; third, assesses the factors affecting the accessibility and utilization of public spaces through a questionnaire survey on the role of public spaces in social interaction, and concludes with an evaluation of the results and suggestions for further research.

A City Divided

A City Divided

Is Public Space Suited to Co-operative Inquiry?

This article questions the nature of the philosophical commitment to the problem of 'the public' in modernity. To what extent does the natural form of the public determine the use and value of the instruments of pragmatism in the public-private divide. In this interpretation, John Dewey's ideas about 'the public' are presented in terms of how to solve a specific problem through what he sees as 'co-operative inquiry'. The article also examines the role of public space in the process of democratization through the potential of co-operative inquiry. More often than not, it appears that the politics of public space may be both detrimental and/or beneficial to its end-users in China, Europe, the Americas, Africa, and the rest of Asia.

Ritual, Space, and Authority in Seventeenth-Century English Cathedral Cities

In seventeenth-century English cathedral cities, civic authorities and cathedral clergy vied vigorously for control over the ritual use of urban space. A close examination of this contest in its spatial context is essential to a thorough understanding of serious disputes linking the struggle for civic autonomy to religious culture. Moreover, it provides a window onto the role of public space in the devotional, communal, and political experience of English dwellers during a turbulent and transitional period.

Why are the design and development of public spaces significant for cities?

Much of the recent interest in urban design has focused on the creation and management of public spaces of cities. My aim in this paper is to explore the nature and role of public space and its sig...

From a Public Re-Creation to Private Recreation: The Transformation of Public Space in South Street Seaport

ABSTRACT:This article documents the development process involved in transformating South Street Seaport, on the east side of Lower Manhattan, from an open-air museum and public space to a privately controlled and commercialized space. It criticizes the “Disneyfication” literature that has attempted to describe this type of transformation for its focus solely on the designs of spaces—and not on their social production. The article then describes the political and economic forces that have led to the production of spaces like South Street Seaport in American cities in the last 20 years. It concludes by discussing the nature and role of public spaces in democratic societies.