Role Of Propolis Research Articles

Possible Protective Role of Propolis and Nigella Sativa Oil against the Toxic Effects of Chlorpyrifos on the Liver and Testes of Adult Albino Rats

Objective: Pesticides are major contaminants of our environment. Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a broad spectrum organophosphate insecticide, is one of the most used organophosphate pesticides in domestic and industrial applications all over the world. This work was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of propolisand nigella sativa oil against the toxic effects of Chlorpyrifos on the liver and testes of adult male albino rats. Material and methods: Eighty adult male albino rats were used in this study. They were divided into 8 equal groups: Group I (negative control group); Group II (positive control group); Group III gavaged with propolis (400mg/Kg b. w.); GroupIVgavaged with nigellasativa oil (100 mg/Kg b.w.); Group V with CPF 6.75 mg/ Kg b. w. / (1/20 of the oral LD50); while group VI gavaged with propolis and CPF, group VII gavaged with nigella sativa oil and CPF, and groupVIII gavaged with both propolis and nigella sativa oil and CPF in the same previous doses. All treatments were given by oral gavage once daily for 12 weeks. Blood samples were obtained for assessment of total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Liver and testicular specimens were obtained for assessment of malondialdehyde (MDA) and histopathological examination by light and electron microscopes. Results: CPF induced chronic toxic effects in the liver and testes which were evidenced by significant increases in hepatic and testicular MDA and significant decrease in TAC serum levels. These results were confirmed by structural and ultra-structural alterations in liver and testes of CPF treated rats. Administration of propolis or nigella sativa alone or in combination ameliorated CPF induced toxic effects, but the most remarkable effects were observed in rats treated with combination of Propolis and nigella sativa. Conclusion: Combination of propolis and nigella sativa had marked protective effects against CPF-induced toxicity in liver and testes of adult albino rats.

A Comparison of the Constituents of Propolis from Different Regions of the United Kingdom by Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry using a Metabolomics Approach

Nine samples of propolis from different parts of the UK were extracted and profiled by high resolution LC-MS. The data were aligned and features were extracted into 0.02 amu windows. The profiles contained thousands of features. In order to establish a platform for comparison of the samples the top 125 features by average peak intensity across the samples, after excluding abundant dimer peaks, were selected for further characterisation by MS2. Of the top 125 features around 90% of the peaks could be assigned an identity with some degree of confidence. Only ca 50% of these putatively identified compounds had been reported in propolis before. The compounds fell into a few major categories: flavonoid esters and possibly some flavonoid ethers, phenyl propanoid esters, glycerol esters, flavonoid glycosides and hydroxylated fatty acids. Pinobanksin was the most abundant compound by average response across nine samples. The flavonoids pinocembrin, pinobanksin, galangin and chrysin showed a relatively low degree of variation across the samples whereas some compounds such as flavonoid esters and glycerol esters were much more variable in their abundance. The role of propolis in preventing infections in the bee hive has yet to be established but the approach taken in this paper provides a potential method for trying to correlate hive health with the composition of the propolis gathered by the hive if suitable metadata were collected.

Effect of propolis on erythrocyte rheology in experimental mercury intoxication in rats.

In the present study, changes in erythrocyte rheology in association with mercury toxicity and the role of propolis were analyzed in rats. Forty male Wistar Albino rats that were 4-5 months old were used in the study. The control group was administered normal saline intraperitoneal (ip) injections; the mercury chloride group was administered HgCl2 (4 mg/kg, ip); the propolis group was administered propolis (200 mg/kg, by gavage); and the HgCl2+ propolis group was administered HgCl2 (4 mg/kg, ip) + propolis (200 mg/kg, by gavage) for 3 days. The following parameters were analyzed: hematological parameters, plasma potassium (K) levels, methemoglobin, 2,3-DPG, erythrocyte deformability, and hemolysis as a percentage. The results revealed that leukocyte count significantly increased, and a significant decline occurred in the platelet count (p < 0.01). Serum K(+), MetHb, 2, 3-DPG, and hemolysis percentage significantly increased in the rats exposed to mercury (p < 0.01). However, the values of rats administered only with propolis were close to the values of the control group and the changes were avoided by the administration of propolis as protection in the rats exposed to mercury chloride.

Effect of Propolis on the Reproductive Toxicity of Deltamethrinin Male Albino Rats

The present study was undertaken to assess the effects of the pyrethroid insecticide, deltamethrin on reproduction of male albino rats and the possible ameliorative role of propolis. Treating rats with deltamethrin (1/10 LD50) brought about marked reduction in sperm counts, increase in sperm head abnormalities and a decrease in serum testosterone and L.H concentration. Histological examination of the testes revealed severe degenerative changes in seminiferous tubules with reduction of germ cells. Moreover, total carbohydrates and proteins diminished in the testicular tissue. Animals treated with deltamethrin and propolis showed an improvement in the testicular damage, increase in sperm count, increase in testosterone and L.H, and decrease in sperm head abnormalities. Testicular carbohydrates and proteins increased. It is supposed in this work that propolis ameliorated deltamethrin-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats and this might due to the antioxidant activity of its flavonoids compounds.

Role of propolis on biochemical parameters in kidney and heart tissues against l-NAME induced oxidative injury in rats

Nitric oxide (NO), produced by endothelial NO synthase, is recognised as a central antiinflammatory and antiatherogenic principle in the vasculature. Epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated that a growing list of natural products, as components of the daily diet or phytomedical preparations, may improve vascular function by enhancing NO bioavailability. In this article, we investigated antioxidant effects of propolis on biochemical parameters in kidney and heart tissues of acute NO synthase inhibited rats by Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME). There was increase (p < 0.001) in the activities of catalase and malondialdehyde levels in the l-NAME treatment groups when compared with control rats, but NO levels were decreased in both kidney and heart tissues. There were statistically significant changes (p < 0.001) in these parameters of l-NAME + propolis treated rats as compared with l-NAME-treated group. In summary, propolis may influence endothelial NO production.

The Role of Propolis in Inflammation and Orofacial Pain: A Review

In recent years, the use of natural products and holistic or alternative medicine has gained popularity among the public, due to the potential side effects and safety concerns of conventional allopathic formulations. Natural products have been used since ancient times in folk medicine, involving both eastern and western traditional medicine. Among these natural products, a resinous bee product named propolis has gained popularity. It has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. Due to these properties there has been an increasing interest in the use of bee propolis in contemporary dentistry. In dentistry propolis has been tried out almost in every field such as to treat oral cancer, recurrent ulcers, fungal infections, in restorative dentistry as a cariostatic, desensitizing and pulp capping agent, in endodontics as an intra-canal medicament, intra-canal irrigant, in dental trauma as a storage media for an avulsed tooth, in oral surgery to treat dry socket after tooth extraction, in prosthetics to treat denture stomatitis, in periodontics to treat gingivitis, periodontitis and to control bone resorption. Despite having numerous advantages and uses, the role of propolis in orofacial pain is probably the least understood. Hence, this review highlights the anti-inflammatory and pain relieving mechanisms of propolis at the molecular level in orofacial pain. Review Article Annual Research & Review in Biology, 4(4): 651-664, 2014 652

Role of Propolis in Osteointegration Enhancement in Allograft Autoclaved Implanted in Femur of Dogs

The orthopedic surgeon is often faced with the loss of bone substance indiaphyseal region of long bones. Our study is based on a biological approach to the filling of segmental bone loss by implanting an autoclaved orthotopic allograft of one centimeter length covered and uncovered with propolis in the femoral diaphysis. The experiment involved eight adult dogs, from local breed and different sex; split into two groups. An autoclaved allograft without propolis was implanted for the first animals group then the same graft this time covered with a thin layer of propolis has been implanted to the second animals group. The aim of our study is to determine if the propolis accelerates the osteointegration of the allograft covered with propolis, to follow up that process radiologically until obtaining a total consolidation. The results show that the use of a graft covered with propolis enhance and accelerate the osteointegration process; it has been demonstrated by an early passage of the callus at both proximal and distal interfaces, with an average duration of four weeks and eight weeks respectively.

Histological and immunohistochemical study of the effect of monosodium l-glutamate on the jejunal mucosa of adult albino rat and the possible role of propolis

Histological and immunohistochemical study of the effect of monosodium l-glutamate on the jejunal mucosa of adult albino rat and the possible role of propolis

Role of propolis in dentistry: review of the literature

AbstractBackgroundPropolis (also called bee glue) is a resinous substance derived from bees. It has long been used in medicine for its beneficial properties, including antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, antidiabetic and local anaesthetic effects. In dentistry, propolis has been used for the prevention of dental caries and periodontal diseases, as an interim transport medium for avulsed teeth, and in endodontics, orthodontics and periodontics.ObjectiveTo highlight the role of propolis in dentistry.MethodsA PubMed search was made using the keywords propolis, beeglue, antimicrobial, dental and herbs without any limits on the date of publication. No specific inclusion or exclusion criteria were applied as the purpose of the review was to make it as comprehensive as possible.DiscussionThe role of propolis is discussed in various branches of dentistry, including: preventive dentistry, dental traumatology, endodontics, periodontology, orthodontics and oral oncology.ConclusionAlthough most research published in the dental literature on propolis is based on in‐vitro studies or animal studies, extrapolating the results of these present studies to clinical practice may be too early as these results may not be necessarily replicated in human trials. In future, propolis may find a definitive role in one or more applications in dentistry; however, clinical trials are necessary to isolate the individual components responsible for its beneficial effects and to study them.

Role of propolis (bee glue) in improving histopathological changes of the kidney of rat treated with aluminum chloride

Humans are frequently exposed to aluminum from various food additives, therapeutic treatments and the environment, and it can be potentially toxic. This study is aimed to elucidate the protective effects of propolis against aluminum chloride (AlCl3 )-induced histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in kidney tissues of rats. Sixty Wistar Albino male rats (average weight 250-300 g) were divided into three equal groups. The first served as a negative control. The second received AlCl₃ (34 mg/kg bw, 1/ 25 LD 50). The third were administered AlCl₃ (34 mg/kg bw, 1/ 25 LD 50) plus propolis (50 mg/kg bw). Doses were given once daily via a gavage for 8 weeks every day. The results showed that shrunken glomeruli, intraglomerular congestion, loss of apical microvilli, degeneration of mitochondria and widened rough endoplasmic reticulum were also observed in the Proximal Convoluted Tubules of these animals. Treatment with propolis ameliorated the harmful effects of AlCl₃ ; this was also proved histopathologically by the noticeable improvement in the renal tissues. There were also significant variations in the expressed of ki-67 and p53 proteins. It can be concluded that propolis may be promising as a natural therapeutic agent in AlCl₃ -induced renal toxicity and oxidative stress in rat kidneys.

Role of Propolis on Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity and Blood Pressure in Nitric Oxide Synthase-Inhibited Hypertensive Rats

Reduction in the synthesis or bioavailability of nitric oxide plays a significant role in the development of hypertension. Propolis is a resinous product collected by honeybees from various plant sources. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamines. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of propolis on blood pressure (BP), TH, and total RNA levels in the adrenal medulla, heart, and hypothalamus tissues in chronic nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-inhibited rats by Nw-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Rats received NOS inhibitor (L-NAME) for 15 days to produce hypertension and propolis for the last 5 days. TH activity and total RNA levels significantly increased in adrenal medulla, heart, and hypothalamus tissues in L-NAME-treated groups (P < .05). TH activity and total RNA levels of L-NAME+propolis-treated rats reduced (P < .05) compared with L-NAME-treated groups. TH activity in propolis-treated rats was reduced to the control values. L-NAME led to a significant increase in BP compared with the control group. Propolis administration to L-NAME-treated rats reduced BP but this was not statistically significant compared to L-NAME-treated groups. These results suggest that propolis decreases TH activity in NOS-inhibited hypertensive rats and thereby may modulate the synthesis of catecholamine and BP.

Role of propolis in improving the histological and ultrastructural changes of liver after treatment with tamoxifen

ABSTRACT AIM: Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy in women world wide. Estrogen levels appear to be associated with an increased risk for the development of breast cancer. Tamoxifen (TAM), a non steroidal antiestrogen, is used as a chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agent for breast cancer. Propolis has been reported to be important antioxidant. This study aims to elucidate the protective effects of propolis on rat liver after treatment with TAM. METHODS: Three groups of adult female albino rats were used; each containing 10 rats. Group 1 (control): rats were administrated with 0.9% NaCl. Group 2 (experimental): rats were received a diet with 20 mg/kg bw TAM. Group 3 (experimental): rats received a diet containing propolis (50 mg/kg bw) prior to daily TAM 20 mg/kg bw. Paraffin sections were used for histopathological studies. RESULTS: Histopathological degenerative effects in the form of vacuolar degeneration, fatty changes and hydropic degeneration were noticed in TAM treated rat liver. Karyolysis and karyorrhexis were also seen. Dysplasia and chromatin clumping were observed in scattered hepatocytes. Histopathological and ultrastructural changes were diminished in rats treated with propolis prior to TAM. CONCLUSION: The present study noticed the protective effect of propolis in improving the histological and ultrastructural changes of liver after treatment with TAM.

Role of propolis in improving male rat fertility affected with aluminum chloride cytotoxicity

BACKGROUND: Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) is commonly used in daily life but it can be induce reproductive toxicity. Propolis has been reported to be important antioxidant. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of propolis against reproductive toxicity of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) in male rats. METHODS: 60 male albino rats were divided into three equal groups, the first served as negative control, the second received AlCl3 (34 mg/kg bw, 1/ 25 LD 50), the third received AlCl3 and treated with propolis (50mg/kg d.w.) .Treatment was continued for 70 days. RESULTS: AlCl3 caused a decrease in body and testes weights and testosterone hormone. In addition, histological changes as damages within the seminiferous tubules and vascular degeneration of the germ cells and Sertoli cells cytoplasm were observed. On the other hand, electron microscopy study showed changes in the testis seminiferous tubules such as atrophy of the tubular membrane, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and nucleus. Our results revealed that propolis alleviated the reproductive toxic effects of AlCl3. CONCLUSION: Treatment with propolis alleviates AlCl3-associated hazards and protects the testicular tissues from AlCl3 toxicity.

Propolis effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine production and Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 expression in stressed mice

Introduction Propolis is a beehive product and its immunomodulatory action has been well documented; however, little is known concerning its activity on the immune system of stressed mice. This work investigated a possible role of propolis against the immunosuppressive effects induced by stress in mice, assessing the pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and IL-6) production and Toll-like receptor (TLR-2 and TLR-4) expression by spleen cells. Methods BALB/c mice were divided into 3 groups: G1 was considered control; G2 was submitted to restraint stress for 3 days, and G3 was treated with propolis and immediately submitted to stress. After sacrifice, spleens were removed and TLR-2 and TLR-4 gene expression was analyzed, as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Serum corticosterone levels were determined by radioimmunoassay as a stress indicator. Results Stressed mice, treated or not with propolis, produced higher corticosterone levels, whereas IL-1β and IL-6 production was inhibited. TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression was inhibited in stressed mice, while propolis exerted an immunorestorative role in TLR-4 expression. The immunosuppressive effects on IL-1β and IL-6 production and on TLR expression by stressed mice might have occurred due to a higher corticosterone production during stress. Conclusion Propolis treatment did not antagonize the inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine production, however it restored at least partially TLR2 mRNA expression and counteracted the inhibition on TLR-4 expression in stressed animals, contributing to the recognition of microorganisms during stressful conditions.

NF-κB-activated tissue transglutaminase is involved in ethanol-induced hepatic injury and the possible role of propolis in preventing fibrogenesis

The increased expression and cross-linking activity of tissue transglutaminase (tTG) have been demonstrated in acute liver injury and fibrosis. We focused on the molecular mechanisms that contribute to ethanol-induced tTG expression and investigated the efficacy of propolis components in preventing both the tTG expression in vitro and fibrogenesis in vivo. We demonstrate herein that both ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways can regulate the effects of ethanol on NF-κB-dependent transcription and these signaling pathways may be involved in activation of ethanol-mediated tTG expression. We also found that administration of pinocembrin (PIN), one of the major components of propolis, inhibited tTG activation and significantly prevented the development of thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver cirrhosis. The present study suggests that tTG may be an important member of the cascade of factors necessary for ethanol-induced liver fibrogenesis and PIN could serve as an anti-fibrogenic agent.

Applications of Propolis in Dentistry: A Review.

Propolis is a resinous substance obtained from the beehives that has antioxidant, anti-bacteria, anti-virus, anti-fungal, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to review the studies about the role of propolis in improving dental and oral health. This study reviewed the published articles regarding the applications of propolis in dentistry. An electronic search of the literature was carried out in Farsi electronic databases including Google, Medlib.ir, SID, Iranmedex and Magiran as well as English electronic databases such as PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge. These databases were searched for articles published between 1997 and October 20, 2017. Non-dental books and journals were also manually searched. This study reviewed published articles on the efficacy of propolis for surgical wound healing, caries prevention, treatment of dentin hypersensitivity, treatment of aphthous ulcers and propolis as a storage medium for avulsed teeth, root canal irrigating solution and mouthwash. The result of the reviewed article showed that propolis is effective an agent that is used for multiple purpose in oral health.