Role Of Probiotics Research Articles

Critical Analysis of the Efficacy and Limitations of GLP-1 Pharmaceuticals in Obesity Management: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Introduction and purpose
 Obesity, a pervasive global pandemic intricately linked to various comorbidities, necessitates a comprehensive and nuanced approach. This article delves into the intricate realm of obesity guidelines, underscoring the significance of lifestyle modifications, preventive measures for childhood obesity, population-based strategies, clinical management protocols, and vigilant monitoring.
 GLP-1 drugs, originally designed for type 2 diabetes management, exhibit multifaceted effects beyond glycemic control. They influence appetite regulation, gastric emptying dynamics, and potentially contribute to cardiovascular health improvements. However, the commendable effects come with a caveat - potential side effects necessitating careful consideration in clinical decision-making. Despite gaining popularity through celebrity endorsements, this article firmly underscores the need to view GLP-1 pharmacotherapy as a recommended intervention rather than a miraculous solution.
 A brief description of the state of knowledge
 Integral to the obesity discourse is the imperative to address weight stigma, demanding evidence-based approaches in both clinical and public health domains. The narrative extends into the future landscape of obesity pharmacotherapy, contemplating the potential role of probiotics. Emphasizing the necessity for long-term studies and randomized trials, it positions probiotics as a low-risk alternative with significant potential in mitigating obesity while simultaneously addressing concerns related to antibiotic resistance.
 Summary
 The pursuit of a balanced and effective approach to obesity management necessitates a nuanced understanding of medical interventions, consideration of societal perceptions, and exploration of innovative possibilities within the evolving landscape of healthcare.

MetaProbiotics: a tool for mining probiotic from metagenomic binning data based on a language model.

Beneficial bacteria remain largely unexplored. Lacking systematic methods, understanding probiotic community traits becomes challenging, leading to various conclusions about their probiotic effects among different publications. We developed language model-based metaProbiotics to rapidly detect probiotic bins from metagenomes, demonstrating superior performance in simulated benchmark datasets. Testing on gut metagenomes from probiotic-treated individuals, it revealed the probioticity of intervention strains-derived bins and other probiotic-associated bins beyond the training data, such as a plasmid-like bin. Analyses of these bins revealed various probiotic mechanisms and bai operon as probiotic Ruminococcaceae's potential marker. In different health-disease cohorts, these bins were more common in healthy individuals, signifying their probiotic role, but relevant health predictions based on the abundance profiles of these bins faced cross-disease challenges. To better understand the heterogeneous nature of probiotics, we used metaProbiotics to construct a comprehensive probiotic genome set from global gut metagenomic data. Module analysis of this set shows that diseased individuals often lack certain probiotic gene modules, with significant variation of the missing modules across different diseases. Additionally, different gene modules on the same probiotic have heterogeneous effects on various diseases. We thus believe that gene function integrity of the probiotic community is more crucial in maintaining gut homeostasis than merely increasing specific gene abundance, and adding probiotics indiscriminately might not boost health. We expect that the innovative language model-based metaProbiotics tool will promote novel probiotic discovery using large-scale metagenomic data and facilitate systematic research on bacterial probiotic effects. The metaProbiotics program can be freely downloaded at https://github.com/zhenchengfang/metaProbiotics.

Probiotics in Infancy and Childhood for Food Allergy Prevention and Treatment.

Food allergy represents a failure of oral tolerance mechanisms to dietary antigens. Over the past few years, food allergies have become a growing public health problem worldwide. Gut microbiota is believed to have a significant impact on oral tolerance to food antigens and in initiation and maintenance of food allergies. Therefore, probiotics have also been proposed in this field as a possible strategy for modulating both the gut microbiota and the immune system. In recent years, results from preclinical and clinical studies suggest a promising role for probiotics in food allergy prevention and treatment. However, future studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms of action of probiotics in food allergies and to design comparable study protocols using specific probiotic strains, defined doses and exposure times, and longer follow-up periods.

Microbiome and Abdominopelvic Radiotherapy Related Chronic Enteritis: A Microbiome-based Mechanistic Role of Probiotics and Antibiotics.

Chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain after radiotherapy continue to be a problem in cancer survivors. Gut microbiomes are essential for preventing intestinal inflammation, maintaining intestinal integrity, maintaining enterohepatic circulation, regulating bile acid metabolism, and absorption of nutrients, including fat-soluble vitamins. Gut microbiome dysbiosis is expected to cause inflammation, bile acid malabsorption, malnutrition, and associated symptoms. Postradiotherapy, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phylum are significantly decreased while Fusobacteria and other unclassified bacteria are increased. Available evidence suggests harmful bacteria Veillonella, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Ruminococcus are sensitive to Metronidazole or Ciprofloxacin. Beneficial bacteria lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are relatively resistant to metronidazole. We hypothesize and provide an evidence-based review that short-course targeted antibiotics followed by specific probiotics may lead to alleviation of radiation enteritis.

Role of probiotics in managing various human diseases, from oral pathology to cancer and gastrointestinal diseases.

The imbalance of microbial composition and diversity in favor of pathogenic microorganisms combined with a loss of beneficial gut microbiota taxa results from factors such as age, diet, antimicrobial administration for different infections, other underlying medical conditions, etc. Probiotics are known for their capacity to improve health by stimulating the indigenous gut microbiota, enhancing host immunity resistance to infection, helping digestion, and carrying out various other functions. Concurrently, the metabolites produced by these microorganisms, termed postbiotics, which include compounds like bacteriocins, lactic acid, and hydrogen peroxide, contribute to inhibiting a wide range of pathogenic bacteria. This review presents an update on using probiotics in managing and treating various human diseases, including complications that may emerge during or after a COVID-19 infection.

The role of nutritional support with probiotics in outpatients with symptomatic acute respiratory tract infections: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dietary study

BackgroundA number of laboratory data and clinical studies have shown that probiotic bacteria may be beneficial in respiratory viral diseases. We investigated the role of probiotics in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID -19), post-disease symptoms, and humoral immune responses to viral antigens.MethodsThis was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, multicenter study. We included symptomatic patients aged 18–65 years without risk of severe disease, and positive antigen/PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. Patients received (Bifidobacterium (B.) lactis BI040, B. longum BL020, Lactobacillus (L) rhamnosus LR110, L. casei LC130, L. acidophilus LA120, 5 billion CFU total) or placebo 1 capsule a day for 28 days and recorded symptoms. Three months later patients completed Post-COVID-19 Questionnaire (PCQ-19). On days 0–5 and 28–35, blood was sampled for IgG to nucleocapsid protein (NCP) and receptor binding domain (RBD)/spike 1 (S1) protein. The primary outcome measure was a patient global symptom score on day 10 of observation. The difference between groups was assessed using the Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsSeventy-three patients were assessed for clinical endpoints and 44 patients were evaluated for antibody production. At day 10, the median global symptom score (interquartile range) was lower in the probiotic group (0.0 (0.0–2.0) vs. 2.0 (1.0–5.0), P < 0.05). The probiotic group had a shorter duration of fatigue and anxiety after COVID -19 (P < 0.05) and a greater change in IgG concentration on RBD/S1 (225.9 vs. 105.6 binding antibody units/mL, P < 0.05).ConclusionsUse of probiotics alleviates acute and post-disease symptoms, and improves humoral immune response to viral antigens.Trial registrationRegistered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04907877, June 1, 2021.

Research progress on the mechanism of exercise fatigue and the role of probiotics in counteracting it

Research progress on the mechanism of exercise fatigue and the role of probiotics in counteracting it

Role of Probiotics in Prevention of Avian Coccidiosis

Role of Probiotics in Prevention of Avian Coccidiosis

Role of Probiotics in the Treatment and Prevention of Common Gastrointestinal Conditions in Children.

Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. Although recommendations for probiotic use should be strain-specific, many systematic reviews, including recommendations from different societies, recommend probiotic use in general, providing no relevant information for healthcare professionals regarding which probiotic to recommend for which clinical indication, at what dose, and for how long. This narrative review aimed to present the available evidence on the use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of common gastrointestinal diseases in children, considering the strain and dose used. Furthermore, this study summarizes the evidence on the possible side effects and quality of products containing probiotics.

Bifidobacterium pseudonumeratum W112 alleviated depressive and liver injury symptoms induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress via gut-liver-brain axis.

Several studies indicated that depression is associated with liver injury. The role of probiotics in alleviating depression is focused on improving the abnormalities of the central nervous system through the gut-brain axis, while the effect on liver injury is still unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the potential link between the antidepressant effect of a potential probiotic strain Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum W112 and its effect on alleviating liver injury. The 4-week-old Kunming mice were exposed to chronic stress for 4 weeks to establish a depression model. The depression-like behavior and related biomakers in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice were altered by supplemented with W112 for 2 weeks. Meanwhile, the modulation effect of W112 the gut microbiota in CUMS mice also result in an increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria and a decrease in the abundance of harmful bacteria. Significantly, liver injury was observed in CUMS model mice. W112 improved liver injury by reducing AST/ALT in serum. Quantitative PCR results indicated that the mechanism of action of W112 in ameliorating liver injury was that the altered gut microbiota affected hepatic phospholipid metabolism and bile acid metabolism. In short, W112 could significantly improve the depressive and liver injury symptoms caused by CUMS. The gut-liver-brain axis is a potential connecting pathway between the antidepressant effects of W112 and its alleviation of liver injury.

The effectiveness of probiotics as an adjunct therapy in patients under mechanical ventilation: an umbrella systematic review and meta-analysis.

The literature regarding the role of probiotics in critically ill patients who have undergone mechanical ventilation (MV) is unclear; therefore, this umbrella systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out to clarify the effects of probiotics on the clinical outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients. The Scopus, PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar online databases were searched up to February 2023. All meta-analyses evaluating the impact of probiotics in patients under MV were considered eligible. The assessment of multiple systematic reviews (AMSTAR) questionnaire was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. Data were pooled using the random-effects approach. Thirty meta-analyses and nine clinical outcomes were re-analyzed. Probiotics significantly decreased ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence, nosocomial infections, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, hospital length of stay, ICU mortality, hospital mortality, MV duration, duration of antibiotic use, and diarrhea. The obtained results of the current umbrella meta-analysis indicate that probiotic administration could be considered an adjunct therapy for critically ill patients; however, no specific probiotic treatment regimen can be recommended due to the diverse probiotics used in the included meta-analyses. The following microorganisms were used at various doses and combinations throughout the studies: Lacticaseibacillus casei, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, L. acidophilus, L. delbrueckii, L. bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium longum, B. breve, B. salivarius, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactococcus raffinolactis, B. infantis, B. bifidum, Streptococcus thermophilus, Ligilactobacillus salivarius, L. lactis, B. lactis, Saccharomyces boulardii, L. rhamnosus GG, L. johnsonii, L. casei, S. faecalis, Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus mesentericus, L. sporogenes, S. boulardii, L. paracasei, B. subtilis, and Enterococcus faecium.

Mechanisms of probiotic modulation of ovarian sex hormone production and metabolism: a review.

Sex hormones play a pivotal role in the growth and development of the skeletal, neurological, and reproductive systems. In women, the dysregulation of sex hormones can result in various health complications such as acne, hirsutism, and irregular menstruation. One of the most prevalent diseases associated with excess androgens is polycystic ovary syndrome with a hyperandrogenic phenotype. Probiotics have shown the potential to enhance the secretion of ovarian sex hormones. However, the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. Furthermore, comprehensive reviews detailing how probiotics modulate ovarian sex hormones are scarce. This review seeks to shed light on the potential mechanisms through which probiotics influence the production of ovarian sex hormones. The role of probiotics across various biological axes, including the gut-ovarian, gut-brain-ovarian, gut-liver-ovarian, gut-pancreas-ovarian, and gut-fat-ovarian axes, with a focus on the direct impact of probiotics on the ovaries via the gut and their effects on brain gonadotropins is discussed. It is also proposed herein that probiotics can significantly influence the onset, progression, and complications of ovarian sex hormone abnormalities. In addition, this review provides a theoretical basis for the therapeutic application of probiotics in managing sex hormone-related health conditions.

Role of Probiotics in Cancer Management

Role of Probiotics in Cancer Management

Unraveling the role of probiotics in affecting the structure of monoglyceride gelled emulsions: A low-field 1H NMR study

The capacity of monoglyceride (MG) gelled emulsions (MEs) in protecting probiotic cells of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus against stresses suffered during food processing, storage, and human digestion has been recently demonstrated. These findings open new perspectives on the possible participation of probiotics in the stabilization of emulsion structure. To unravel this aspect, rheological analysis and Low-Field 1H NMR investigations were performed on MEs having different aqueous phases (water or skimmed milk) and stored for increasing time (1 and 14 days) at 4 °C. Loaded and unloaded samples were considered. Results highlighted that probiotics initially hindered the ability of MG to self-assemble in the multiphase environment, interacting in some way with MG crystalline lamellar structure, as confirmed by rheological and 1H NMR analysis. During storage, an increase of proton compartmentation was observed in loaded MEs indicating the role of probiotics in stabilizing MG structure at a molecular level. Such a result was more evident when the system was composed of milk, suggesting that the presence of milk-native components (i.e., lactose, proteins, and minerals) favored the cell-structure interactions. Such preliminary results could open new perspectives in considering probiotic cells as having an active role in the stabilization of food structure.

Role of Probiotics in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Role of Probiotics in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Role of Probiotics in the Immunity of Humans and Animals

Role of Probiotics in the Immunity of Humans and Animals

Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics in the Management of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics in the Management of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Biomedical Sciences

Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Biomedical Sciences

Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus CCFM1312 enhanced mice resilience to activity-based anorexia.

Probiotic intervention, already showing promise in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders like depression, emerges as a potential therapy for anorexia nervosa (AN) with minimal side effects. In this study, we established an activity-based anorexia (ABA) model to probe the pathogenesis of AN and assess the impact of probiotics on ABA mice. ABA resulted in a compensatory increase in duodenal ghrelin levels, impairing the regulation of feeding and the brain reward system. Intervention with Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus CCFM1312 ameliorated these ABA-induced effects, and the activation of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) was observed following probiotic administration, revealing the advantageous role of probiotics in AN through the vagus nerve. Furthermore, our metabolomics analysis of cecal contents unveiled that S. salivarius subsp. thermophilus CCFM1312 modulated gut microbiota metabolism and thereby regulated intestinal ghrelin levels.

The Beneficial Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics for Control of Zoonotic Parasitic Diseases

The Beneficial Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics for Control of Zoonotic Parasitic Diseases