Role Of Private Foundations Research Articles

Giving Journeys: The Role of Private Foundations

ABSTRACTThe giving journeys of individuals, relating to their life stories and life places, have been positioned in the literature as romanticized versions of self. This research adopts a theory of philanthropic identity narratives using a journey metaphor, and explores the role and journeys associated with establishing a giving structure in the form of a private foundation. Findings from interviews with managers and trustees of private philanthropic foundations undertaken in two phases, 7 years apart, show that establishing a foundation shifts the emphasis of a giving journey from being individual‐focused to philanthropy‐focused, facilitating a legacy of giving rather than self. This paper contributes to theoretical and practical understandings of philanthropic journeys by adding a foundation lens, highlighting the shift in emphasis between identity and action, where establishing a giving structure is less about an individual founder's identity and more about focused philanthropic activity, irrespective of what that particular focus may be.

Philanthropic Justice: the Role of Private Foundations in Transitional Justice Processes

In recent years, political transitions have become a major area of interest to private actors, including philanthropies. More and more philanthropic foundations have chosen to donate money to support transitional justice processes across the globe. However, philanthropies often take on not only the role of a funder but also the role of an active participant in transitional justice (TJ) mechanisms. They push for the building of long-lasting partnerships with state authorities and international organizations, and, sometimes, take over and administer certain transitional justice processes. As a result, philanthropic foundations wield considerable power in transitional justice, especially when the state cannot or will not act. Given the significant and growing role of philanthropy in both established democracies and states in transition, it is necessary to look more closely at issues of philanthropic involvement in TJ processes. Their activity remains largely outside the margins of international law scholarship. This article aims to make philanthropic contributions a more visible object of scholarly scrutiny. This article will introduce the legal problems related to “philanthropic justice,” including concerns that speak for the need of more attention to the phenomenon. It will first show how private foundations engage in transitional justice mechanisms and spell out the concerns related to this philanthropic engagement in transitional justice. It will proceed with a discussion about the potential reasons why private foundations engage in international legal matters such as transitional justice. Further, the article will explore the United Nations’ legal frameworks on cooperation with the philanthropic sector. The last substantial part will cover the issues of responsibility of private actors under international law and why it is important in the context of transitional justice.

Educational research – public responsibility, private funding?

ABSTRACT Like other Nordic countries, Denmark is a mixed-economy welfare society, where capitalist production and market logics coexist with public policy having social cohesion and equality as important priorities. Educational and pedagogical research, which is a main knowledge base for policy and practice in schools and the education system, is also seen as a field of public responsibility, carried out mainly in universities and other public research institutes. In recent years, however, a number of private actors have engaged in funding research related to education and learning. The actors include private organizations doing research in connection with product development and privately established foundations initiating research and development projects. The interplay between public and private funding and management can promote quality research combining new general knowledge with societal relevance; but it can also lead to narrow criteria for topics and methods, unsettling important balances in the field of educational research. The article examines and discusses these developments, especially the role of private foundations, as well as the conditions for fruitful interaction between the public sector and private actors in educational research.

The Power of Peer Review on Transdisciplinary Discovery

This study examines the tension between the academic evaluation system and the development of unconventional research agendas. While scholars have studied the evaluation of research that crosses disciplinary boundaries from the perspective of peer reviewers, they have paid comparatively little attention to the experiences of the performers of unconventional science. This study asks how researchers develop unconventional research agendas to address a long-standing health problem and, in the process, make sense of the actions of a site visit committee organized to advise a foundation funding the project. This study develops a process narrative on the development of a specific transdisciplinary team proposing to study premature birth. The findings show that when the performers and the evaluators of unconventional science developed competing understandings of the research agenda, transdisciplinary discovery became limited as a particular research topic became taboo. Yet, the study also reveals how the performers of unconventional science challenged the power of the site visit committee by making it seem as though they followed the committee’s decisions. These findings raise questions about the role of private foundations as funders of academic research and the suitability of traditional evaluation procedures for assessing transdisciplinary discovery.

Going global? Micro-philanthrocapitalism and Danish private foundations in international development cooperation

ABSTRACTDuring the past decade, academic attention to the role of private foundations in international development cooperation has greatly intensified. The largest foundations have increased their global giving and moved towards strategic social impact, but we do not know if such processes have also occurred at a more micro level. This article explores this issue by studying the international activities of Danish foundations. It finds that grant-making on global issues is increasing, and that several foundations have undergone transformations in their approach to grant-making, making them surprisingly similar to established development organisations.

Improving Health Services: Background, Method and Applications.

IMPROVING HEALTH SERVICES: BACKGROUND, METHOD AND APPLICATIONS Walter Holland 2013 Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 978 1 78347 018 1; eISBN: 978 1 78347 019 8 Pages: 272It is difficult to conceive of the discipline of Health Services Research (HSR) predating the 1970 creation of Walter Holland's Social Medicine and Health Services Research Unit at St Thomas' Hospital Medical School.However, as this fascinating journey of the history of HSR reveals, population based studies were undertaken in the United States dating from the first decade of the 20th century. Holland points to major differences between the US and UK. One was the role of private foundations in supporting HSR in the US, the Carnegie Foundation, Milbank Memorial Fund, Rockefeller Foundation, the Commonwealth Fund and the W.R. Kellogg Foundation to name a few.The Milbank Memorial Fund, founded in 1905, had a substantial impact, not only in the selection of topics chosen for analysis but, more importantly, for the development of a 'publication that provided a respected forum for the publication and dissemination of the results of the HSR'. By comparison in the UK public funding directly supported much of the early research.Having 'dipped his lid' to the birth of HSR in the US, Holland's' book focuses on what he knows best and was incredibly influential in the development of HSR in viz the UK. Given the similarities between UK and Australia, it is this development, which most influenced the discipline's growth in Australia.Holland's prime motivation over the past five decades has been the use of evidence to assist the development of health policy and planning and evaluation of health practice.This focus inevitably leads to the interconnection of health politics and policy and the book is resplendent in describing such clashes.The work initially undertaken at St Thomas' Hospital were questions initiated by the NHS administration and hence the immediate link between the HSR and national policy was established. Within the hospital, John WynnOwenwas appointed as a health service manager jointly by the administration and the research unit. In subsequent years as Director General of NSW Health, Wynn Owen continued the emphasis on promoting HSR to aid policy formation.Holland's mentors and, no doubt, aided by being a St Thomas' graduate, contributed greatly to Holland's skills developments! At the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Sir Richard Doll and Professor Donald Reid over sighted his epidemiology training followed by a stint at the Department of Epidemiology at Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene.The waxing and waning during the 1970s and 1980s of support for funding HSR within governments, and Holland's involvement in these debates, is beautifully described through a series of quotes from key players of the day. …

The Role of Private Foundations in Addressing Health Care Workforce Needs

There is an increased awareness among policy makers, providers, and educators that the size, composition, geographic distribution, and skill mix of the health care workforce is of great importance in determining the likelihood of success in achieving our societal goals for health care reform. As academic and governmental institutions work to address these pressing questions, private foundations can and should play an important role in supporting the design, execution, and evaluation of innovative educational programs that will address these needs. Foundations also can and should play a role in generating information that will better inform health care workforce policies and in convening thought leaders to make recommendations that will advance the field of workforce studies.The author details current efforts by the Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation and other private foundations to address health care workforce needs. Foundations can play important roles as catalysts for change in our educational processes, and they can serve as important links between education and health care delivery systems. Partnerships among foundations and between private foundations and federal agencies can be powerful forces in helping to better align the skills of future health professionals with changing patient demographics and a changing health care system.

Private foundations, philanthropy, and partnership in education and development: mapping the terrain

There has been increasing interest on the role of private foundations in education finance and delivery. We argue that this is due to a macro-policy context of stagnating levels of official development assistance for education and an uncritical acceptance of a logic of neutrality and the efficiency and effectiveness of of partnerships and philanthropy. This paper reports on the results of a literature review on private foundations in education and development. It found significant contestation against the claims of neutrality, efficiency, effectiveness. It also identifies salient methodological and substantive issues for the development of a research agenda on the issue.

Coercion, possibility, or context? Questioning the role of private foundations in American higher education

As an academic, I grapple with the role of private foundations in higher education; on the one hand, as a critical scholar-activist committed to radical social and economic change, and on the other hand, as a participant in foundation-funded academic projects. I recognize the contradictory position I occupy within an institution that has historically served the status quo. In this paper I attempt to deal with the question of whether foundation funds, historically made possible by our unjust social system, have the capacity to contribute to the systemic social and economic changes I – alongside like-minded colleagues – strive to realize. Specifically, I look at the role of foundations in American higher education for the purpose of agitating hegemonic ideas and challenging us to ask difficult questions about our day-to-day practices.

Between past and future: the Roma of Central and Eastern Europe

Foreword Ian Hancock Acknowledgments Introduction Will Guy PART ONE: 'A TRULY EUROPEAN PEOPLE': THEMES AND ISSUES Chapter 1 Romani Identity and Post-Communist Policy Will Guy Chapter 2 Historical and Ethnographic Background: Gypsies, Roma, Sinti Elena Marushiakova and Vesselin Popov Chapter 3 Citizens of the World and Nowhere: Minority, Ethnic and Human Rights for Roma Nicolae Gheorghe and Thomas Acton Chapter 4 Communist Roma Policy 1945-1989 as seen through the Hungarian case Michael Stewart Chapter 5 The Emergence of European Roma Policy Martin Kovats Chapter 6 Romani Refugees: the EU Dimension M?ta Castle-Kanerov? Chapter 7 In the Name of the Roma? The Role of Private Foundations and NGOs Nidhi Trehan PART TWO: THE FIFTH WORLD ROMANI CONGRESS AND THE IRU Chapter 8 The International Romani Union: an East European answer to West European questions? Thomas Acton and Ilona Kl?mov? PART THREE: DIVERSITY IN ROMANI EXPERIENCE: COUNTRIES OF THE REGION Chapter 9 Russia: Politics of Performance Alaina Lemon Chapter 10 The Baltics, Belarus, Ukraine and Moldova: Life in the Former USSR Valdemar Kalinin and Christina Kalinina Chapter 11 Poland: The Clash of Tradition and Modernity Chapter 12 Germany and Austria: The 'Mauer im Kopf' or Virtual Wall Susan Tebbutt Chapter 13 The Czech lands and Slovakia: Another False Dawn? Will Guy Chapter 14 Hungary: Politics, Difference and Equality Martin Kovats Chapter 15 Romania: Representations, Public Policies and Political Projects L?szlo Foszto and Viorel Marian Anastasoaie Chapter 16 Bulgaria: Ethnic Diversity but a Common Struggle for Equality Elena Marushiakova and Vesselin Popov Chapter 17 Albania: Awakening from a Long Sleep Tracy Koci Chapter 18 Former Yugoslavia: A Patchwork of Destinies Donald Kenrick Notes on contributors

Whither the role of private foundations in support of international security policy?

Whither the role of private foundations in support of international security policy?

The role of non-profit corporate foundations in Korea: Positive and negative perspectives

There are two opposing views on the role of private foundations, especially the corporate foundations. Korean people seem to think that corporate foundations have been used as a device to transfer the wealth of rich families with favourable tax treatment. Considering the curret status and past performance of corporate foundations, the evidence seems to lend support to this negative view at the moment. The corporate foundations have performed within a very limited range of activities and have not made many efforts to develop non-profit activities to meet the expectations of Korean society. The negative view does not imply that corporate foundations have not contributed to Korean society. But the negative view can be regarded as a criticism of the past performance of corporate foundations and the way they have been managed.

The Changing Role of Private Foundations: Business as Usual or Creative Innovation?

This paper examines the role of private foundation support for health and human services for the elderly. Findings from a telephone survey of 265 foundations on the impact of public policy changes since 1981 on foundations and nonprofit organiza tions indicate that while foundations are "filling in" for government funding cut- backs, their grants are not innovative.

Abortion--the role of private foundations.

An historic precedent for the role of foundations in abortion reform may be drawn from the corresponding part thee played in the evolution of American birth control policy. That private foundations here made a large contribution to bridging the “support gap” between the first stirrings of interest in change and its tangible implementation is now well known. Even when government began to show unmistakable interest in support of research, domestic programs and technical assistance in the family planning field during the sixties, it was necessary for private foundations to initiate and maintain the momentum of countless projects until the slower legislative and policy- making process could catch up with changing public opinion. Du Coeur once noted. “Liberality consists less in giving a great deal than in gifts well timed.” Thus, modification of old laws, enhancement of social acceptance, emergence of public policy and evolution of modern technology were supported by private foundation activities as family planning gradually found its appropriate place in modern health services. A similar evolution in the field of abortion is more difficult, since it involves even more sensitive and controversial issues Nevertheless, whereas significant acceptance of birth control in the United States took fifty years, the corresponding process with regard to abortion seems to be spanning little more than a decade. The fact that the recently passed Tydings Bill specifically excludes abortion from federally supported family planning activities, and that only a handful of states to date have dealt substantially with their outmoded abortion laws, serves to remind us of how much needs to be done. What then is the role of foundations in hastening and abetting this evolution?

Medical Care: Social and Organizational Aspects

This book is as various as its subject. It consists of a series of 36 articles, originally published in the New England Journal of Medicine , on topics ranging from medical education, health services, and healthrelated organizations, to public and international health. The authors are experts of many kinds, predominantly physicians from the Boston and New York areas. The prevailing tone is that of expository status reports or position papers by experienced administrators. Most of the pieces are authoritative, and all are informative, although there is generally more opinion than fact. Notable exceptions are Weinerman's original and factual analysis of outpatient services, Anderson's survey of health service systems in various countries, and Peterson's review of the evaluation of the quality of medical care. Some articles stimulate interpretive thought, such as Ellis on regionalization of hospital services and Robertson on the role of private foundations in medicine. An occasional passage, such as