Role Of Political Ideology Research Articles

Understanding sexual prejudice: The role of political ideology and strategic essentialism

AbstractDespite the increased visibility and acceptance of the LGBTQ community, sexual minorities continue to face prejudice and discrimination in many domains. Past research has shown that this prejudice is more prevalent among those holding conservative political views. In two studies, we merge strategic essentialism and motivated ideology theoretical perspectives to empirically investigate the link between political orientation and sexual prejudice. More specifically, we examine how conservatives strategically use different forms of essentialism to support their views of gay individuals and their reactions to messages aimed at changing essentializing beliefs. In Study 1 (N = 220), we demonstrate that conservatives endorse social essentialism (i.e., the belief that gay and straight people are fundamentally different from each other) more than liberals do. In turn, they blame gay individuals more for their sexual orientation and show more prejudice toward them. At the same time, conservatives endorse trait essentialism (i.e., the belief that sexual orientation is a fixed attribute that cannot be changed) less than liberals do, which in turn predicts greater levels of blame and prejudice for conservatives relative to liberals. In Study 2 (N = 217), we additionally show that conservatives, but not liberals, are resistant to messages aimed at increasing trait essentialism and reducing prejudice toward sexual minorities. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of these findings.

Elections and selection: The role of political ideology in selection decisions

Political ideology is a central belief that drives individuals' behavior not just in the voting booth but also in other aspects of life. As political divisiveness in society has increased, the ramifications of this shift may permeate organizations ultimately affecting how individuals interact with one another. Through the lens of social cognition and person-organization fit, this paper considers the effect of political ideology of job applicants in selection decisions by discussing 1) the definition of political ideology and subsequent stereotyping, 2) the increasing divisiveness rooted in political ideology, 3) the implication in selection decisions influenced by political ideology, and 4) the consequences for firm level diversity. Further, a model is provided to illustrate the relationship of political ideology to various phases of the selection process. Propositions to foster further study of these phenomena are provided within.

Sociocultural and individual manifestations of sexual stigma: The role of political ideology and prejudice in discrimination against sexual minorities

Understanding the complex manifestations of sexual stigma is crucial in helping to prevent discrimination toward sexual minorities. In this research, we examined the role of heterosexism within political ideology systems and the process through which these systems promote discrimination by focusing on sexual prejudice. Across four studies, we tested the predictions that more conservative political ideologies and greater levels of sexual prejudice will be associated with more negative evaluations of an applicant with a sexual stigma, and that prejudice will mediate the link between ideology and evaluation. We employed an experimental paradigm such that participants were presented nearly identical information in an intern applicant evaluation context, however, cues to sexual stigma were either present or absent. Overall, conservative ideology negatively predicted evaluation in the stigma, but not the control, condition and greater levels of sexual prejudice more strongly negatively predicted evaluations in the stigma, relative to control, condition. Finally, whereas ideology indirectly predicted candidate evaluation through prejudice generally, the effect was stronger for the applicant with the sexual stigma. This research extends the scholarship linking ideology to sexual stigma by examining employment discrimination and testing the mediating role of prejudice linking ideology to discrimination. By examining the role of ideology, it also broadens the research on bias in employment contexts. Understanding the role of both political ideology as well as individual sexual prejudice in discrimination may facilitate efforts to dismantle discrimination.

The Role of Perceived Justice, Political Ideology, and Individual or Collective Framing in Support for Environmental Policies

Effectively addressing environmental challenges such as climate change will require adopting policy measures that have some impact on collective human behavior. The present research examined attitudes toward different environmental policies, specifically focusing on the role of perceived justice. Justice was measured in two ways: as an assessment of the fairness of a particular policy and as a general tendency to endorse statements related to environmental justice. Because justice judgments can be context specific, policies were presented in four conditions, in a 2 × 2 design manipulating the type of impact described, ecological or societal, and the level of focus, individual or collective. The roles of political ideology and environmentalism were also investigated. Results from an online sample of 162 US residents showed that non-coercive policies, overall, were rated as more acceptable. Environmental justice statements were strongly endorsed, and justice in both its specific and general forms was a determinant of policy acceptance. In particular, ratings of the fairness of specific policies were a stronger determinant of acceptability than perceived effectiveness of the policy. Type of impact had little effect, but policies tended to be rated as more acceptable when they were framed in terms of the collective rather than the individual. Although a liberal ideology was associated with acceptance of environmental policies in general and with endorsement of environmental justice, controlling for endorsement of environmental justice eliminated the effect of political ideology in most, but not all, cases. Implications for policy support are discussed.

Governance of the Fifth Schedule Areas: Role of Governor

The indigenous communities all over the world are experiencing various forms of alienation. Among all, alienation of rights over land, forest and other natural resources is the most serious one. Indigenous people of India are known as adivasis meaning the ‘first inhabitants’ with official name of ‘Scheduled Tribes’. The socio-economic and political alienation of Scheduled Tribes has manifested itself in the form of insurrections. The issues concerning the political insurrection in central and eastern India are multi-dimensional in nature. To illustrate, these issues relate to land acquisition in Scheduled V Areas, rights over the natural resources, agrarian transformation, governance conflict, socio-economic and political exclusion of the disadvantaged sections of the society, needs of youth, poverty and the role of political ideology. One of the important aspects of governance which has not been dealt with adequately in the literature is the role of governors and the president in ensuring peace and good governance in Scheduled Areas. The main purpose of the article is to explore the status of governance with particular reference to the role of governor in establishing peace and good government in the Fifth Scheduled Areas. Through discourse and document analysis of Annual Governors’ reports accessed through Centre for Policy Research, it is found that the Office of Governor has failed in fulfilling the constitutional responsibility of ensuring the peace and good governance in Scheduled V Areas. It is high time for the governor’s office to effectively participate in the nation-building process by enabling proper implementation of the progressive laws enacted for the well-being of Scheduled Tribes.

A Research Agenda on Political Ideology in Consumer Research: A Commentary on Jung et al.’s “Blue and Red Voices”

Abstract Jung, Garbarino, Briley, and Wynhausen’s (this issue) findings, though intriguing, leave critical unanswered questions that warrant further inquiry into the role of political ideology on consumption. We posit three research questions that constitute a sociocultural research agenda on the role of political ideology on marketplace redress.

It's a man's world! The role of political ideology in the hiring process for leadership positions

Previous research on gender discrimination has explored whether and why women are less likely than men to occupy leadership positions in organizations. The current research contributes to this lite...

Consumer reactions to corporate tax strategies: The role of political ideology

This study contributes to research on how stakeholders react to corporate tax strategies (CTSs). In two experiments we show that consumers are more likely to react negatively to ‘aggressive’ rather than to reward ‘conservative’ CTSs. The impact of CTSs on consumer reactions is mediated by the perceived ethicality of the firm and moderated by individuals' political identification. Right-leaning consumers are less likely than left-leaning consumers to punish companies engaging in tax avoidance. This moderation depends on the personal connection customers have with a particular brand: both left-leaning and right-leaning consumers punish firms they feel close to when such firms engage in aggressive CTSs. The study extends our understanding of the benefits and risks associated with different CTSs. It contributes to debates on the morality of CTSs, showing that political ideology shapes individuals' perceived ethicality of corporations engaged in aggressive tax avoidance.

The politics of education revisited: Anthony Crosland and Michael Gove in historical perspective

This article traces continuity and change in the governance of British education through the comparison of two ministers, Anthony Crosland and Michael Gove. Taking Maurice Kogan's seminal The Politics of Education as the point of departure, the article highlights the role of political ideology in large-scale educational change, taking school reorganization as a case study. The article argues that the recent tenure of Michael Gove indicates that large-scale change within the British education system still requires a (more or less) coherent ideological framework and considerable commitment on the part of the individual minister.

Resistance to Change: A Social Psychological Perspective

Resistance to change has been a central topic in social psychology since the inception of the field. It has been addressed by theorists as diverse as Thorstein Veblen, William McDougall, Kurt Lewin, Leon Festinger, and William J. McGuire, among others. Decades of research show that people are resistant to changing beliefs that are logically or psychologically connected to systems of beliefs and values that are important to them (i.e., ideologies). In this article, I describe some of the studies that I and others have conducted on the role of political ideology and system justification motivation in fostering skepticism and resistance to scientific information about climate change.

PARAMETERS OF PUBLIC POLICY CHANGE

Research has identified a wide range of factors that influence the health of children and their health as adults. Key among these are early childhood conditions, care, and education, housing security and income security. A number of indicators have been developed to measure the health of children such as the incidences of infant mortality and low birth weight. In international comparisons with other rich countries, Canada ranks poorly. These health outcomes are not inevitable but are shaped by the quality and distribution of a wide range of social determinants. Public policies shape access to and quality of the social determinants of children’s health (SDCH). Because the SDCH are amenable to public policy, it is important to understand public policy and the public policy development process in order to promote policy change. Yet few health practitioners who work with children consider or understand how the public policy development process works. This article examines three models of public policy development: pluralism, policy paradigms, and political economy. It will be argued that of the three models, political economy, with its focus on the role of political ideology and power distribution, provides the most compelling explanation of the public policy development process and provides means to bring about policy change to improve the health of children.

Political Ideology and Organizations

Research has begun to show that the political ideology of organizational participants is an important predictor of behaviors in organizations. While a number of recent studies have identified the impact of ideology on topics such as firms’ social participation and strategy, much more theory and research is needed to understand the full influence of ideology. This symposium seeks to shed additional light on the role of political ideology in organizations with four theoretically driven empirical papers. Specifically, the papers in this symposium contribute to research on ideology by: 1) examining the influence of political ideology at different levels of analysis, including at the CEO, top-management team, board, and organizational levels; 2) considering a range of behaviors and outcomes related to political ideology, including firm performance, risk, capital allocation, turnover, responsiveness to negative events, and external recognition; and 3) proposing several theoretical mechanisms that drive these relationships, including a consideration of the risk, equality, and fairness perceptions inherent in political ideology. To the Extreme: CEO Political Orientation and Extreme Corporate and Career Outcomes Presenter: Jonathan Bundy; Pennsylvania State U. Presenter: Timothy David Hubbard; U. of Georgia Presenter: Scott D. Graffin; U. of Georgia Presenter: Dane Christensen; Pennsylvania State U. Board Actions and Political Ideology: The Case of Financial Restatements Presenter: Warren Boeker; U. of Washington, Seattle Presenter: David M. Gomulya; Nanyang Technological U. Presenter: Uisung David Park; U. of Washington The Effects of Top Executives’ Political Ideology on The Efficacy of Pay Arrangements Presenter: M.K. Chin; Indiana U. Presenter: Cynthia E. Devers; Texas A&M U. / Oxford U. CCR Presenter: Abhijith G. Acharya; Singapore Management U. Organizational Ideology and Corporate Strategy: A New Vantage on

Support for Performance‐Based Funding: The Role of Political Ideology, Performance, and Dysfunctional Information Environments

As performance‐based mechanisms for accountability have become increasingly commonplace in the public sector, it is apparent that administrative reactions to these reforms are central in determining their effectiveness. Unfortunately, we know relatively little about the factors that drive acceptance of performance‐based accountability by administrative actors. This article employs data collected from an original survey instrument to examine the perceptions of presidents at American public colleges and universities regarding performance funding. The author finds that acceptance of performance as a basis for funding is driven by a variety of factors, including the partisanship of the state legislature, organizational performance (measured by institutional graduation rates), dysfunction in the external information environment, and the political ideology of university presidents.

International Law and Public Attitudes Toward Torture: An Experimental Study

AbstractDomestic approaches to compliance with international commitments often presume that international law has a distinct effect on the beliefs and preferences of national publics. Studies attempting to estimate the consequences of international law unfortunately face a wide range of empirical and methodological challenges. This article uses an experimental design embedded in two U.S. national surveys to offer direct systematic evidence of international law's effect on mass attitudes. To provide a relatively tough test for international law, the surveys examine public attitudes toward the use of torture, an issue in which national security concerns are often considered paramount. Contrary to the common contention of international law's inefficacy, I find that legal commitments have a discernible impact on public support for the use of torture. The effect of international law is also strongest in those contexts where pressures to resort to torture are at their highest. However, the effects of different dimensions in the level of international agreements' legalization are far from uniform. In contrast to the attention often devoted to binding rules, I find that the level of obligation seems to make little difference on public attitudes toward torture. Rather, the relative precision of the rules, along with the degree to which enforcement is delegated to third parties, plays a much greater role in shaping public preferences. Across both international law and legalization, an individual's political ideology also exerts a strong mediating effect, though in varying directions depending on the design of the agreement. The findings have implications for understanding the overall impact of international law on domestic actors, the importance of institutional design, and the role of political ideology on compliance with international agreements.

Globalization and a Conservative Dilemma: Economic Openness and Retributive Policies

Globalization is associated with economic openness and, in this sense, is in line with conservative free market ideology that embraces less government intervention. Globalization is also associated with greater contact with dissimilar outgroups and potential threats from terrorists and seems to run against conservative attitudes toward outgroup threat and civil liberties. We report research employing two nationally representative samples of 1,000 adults (collected in 2006 and 2008) that explored conservative individuals’ attitudes as American views of terrorism evolved following 9/11. Despite diminishing estimates of the likelihood of terrorist attacks, conservatism remained strongly associated with support for seeking revenge for foreign terrorist attacks and for restricting the civil liberties of foreign visitors and noncitizens in order to prevent terrorism. These trends were not accounted for by differences in levels of perceived threat or by demographic characteristics distinguishing conservatives from others. Results are discussed in the context of globalization and the role of political ideology.

The role of political ideology: Reviewing Social Services Reform of the Conservative Government in 1980s and 90s Britain

The role of political ideology: Reviewing Social Services Reform of the Conservative Government in 1980s and 90s Britain

Attitudes toward Social Welfare and Their Variances: The Roles of Political Ideology and Political Knowledge

Attitudes toward Social Welfare and Their Variances: The Roles of Political Ideology and Political Knowledge

Gut Reactions to Criminal Wrongdoing: The Role of Political Ideology

Gut Reactions to Criminal Wrongdoing: The Role of Political Ideology

Self-interest or Ideology? The Attitude of Norwegian Medical Specialists towards Private Welfare Services

A striking common characteristic in many Western countries at the turn of the millennium is the debate on the role of private actors in public health care systems. Following the long line of Norwegian political scientists paying attention to attitudes towards privatization, this article uses data from 2005 on medical specialists to investigate their preferences for private welfare services, and to uncover the relative role of political ideology and self-interest in affecting their attitudes. So far, few attempts have been made to test in depth the impact of ideology and self-interest as alternative explanations of the attitudes of a professional group toward a policy issue that is important to its interests. The analysis documents the fact that both public and private specialists display scepticism towards leaving welfare services in the hands of private actors. The empirical model for the multivariate analysis builds on the large body of literature on political attitudes, and incorporates variables that are derived from economic and psychological theories in order to test the impact of ideology and subjective self-interest (emphasis on high salary for job satisfaction) and objective self-interest (private economy). In addition, the model also controls for a vector of individual characteristics and professional background. For the group of full-time public specialists, both subjective and objective self-interest, together with ideology, turns out to be the major determinants of view on private welfare services. The attitudes of the private specialists are, on the other hand, not at all affected by self-interest – only by ideology.

A Different Nuclear Threat: Press Coverage of the Three Mile Island and the Chernobyl Nuclear Accidents in Soviet and American Elite Newspapers

This study examined the news cov erage of the Three Mile Island and the Chernobyl nuclear accidents and the role of political ideology in deciding the content of news in two elite U.S. newspapers, the New York Times and the Washington Post, and two elite Soviet newspapers, Pravda and Izvestiya. The findings indicated that the U.S. press coverage of Chernobyl had a predominantly negative bias compared to the U.S. press coverage of Three Mile I sland. Soviet press coverage of Three Mile Island had a more negative bias than the news cov erage of Chernobyl. The study concludes that both the U.S. and the Soviet news media were heavily influenced by the Cold War climate and the dominant ideology of each society.