Role Of Physical Attractiveness Research Articles

An Attractive Target: Do Perceptions of Physical Attractiveness Shape Victimization Risks in Women’s Prisons?

ABSTRACT Emerging research suggests that physical attractiveness may yield outcomes beyond preferential treatment, such as increasing the vulnerability to victimization during adolescence. Despite growing awareness of individual and institutional victimization risk factors during incarceration, research has yet to consider the role of physical attractiveness. Drawing on survey data collected from 223 women across two Pennsylvania prisons, this article investigates whether perceptions of physical attractiveness operate as protective or risk factors for victimization experienced while incarcerated. Logistic regression results show a significant positive association between interviewer-assessed perceptions of physical attractiveness and incarcerated women’s self-reported resident-on-resident victimization. Dominance analysis results indicate that perceptions of physical attractiveness ranked nearly as high as histories of abuse in predicting incarcerated women’s risk of victimization. This study uncovers an unintended consequence of physical attractiveness for imprisoned women, demonstrating their heightened susceptibility to in-prison victimization.

Beautiful inside and out? The role of physical attractiveness in predicting altruistic behaviour

AbstractPhysical attractiveness has been found to influence labour market outcomes, including employment and remuneration. Researchers have also found links between attractiveness and dimensions that are likely to impact career or academic success, such as trust and cooperation. There is less research on physical attractiveness in interactions that are not inherently reciprocal in nature. We are interested in whether altruistic decisions are impacted by perceptions of physical attractiveness in South Africa, a country with significant racial and cultural diversity. We use a dictator game (n = 338, for 1689 decisions) to experimentally investigate whether people perceived as more attractive are treated with more altruism and whether attractive people behave more altruistically. We find more altruism shown towards attractive respondents, particularly from decision‐makers who see themselves as less attractive. Less attractive decision‐makers also show more altruism than decision‐makers who rate themselves as more attractive.

Opinion of Recruiters About the Role of Physical Attractiveness in the Process of Selection: Qualitative study

Attractive people often take an advantage in their life and offer preference over those who are unattractive. These problems may be ethical, cultural or social, but they may also Important impacts on the recruiting process and maybe key to problems discrimination. The present study describing the phenomena of physical attractiveness ensures effects the recruitment process with some of the basic condition outline in the implicit personality theory. The sample size was constituted 20 and saturated on the 10 of participants (6 males and 4 female) phenomenology: Non - probability Purposive sampling technique was used. Those participants were involved as the leading recruiter such as director, cos’, selection board member and principal of institutes as these were from hospitals, education institutes, Ngos and local government and ruler department in order to ensure maximum variation sampling technique as them belong to different heads of institutes. The data was collected through in depth interview by using semi-structure open ended questionnaire. These phases were: familiarization with data, generating initial codes, searching for themes among codes, reviewing themes, defining and naming themes and producing the final report were analyzed. Five themes were emerged as a results of the study, each themes were individually discussed to comprehend over its meaningful features, Performa for hiring candidate’s, Gender preferences according to the job status, Communication and Confidence level, Knowledge about the Desired Field and Qualification and Experiences. It was concluded from the respondents interview that physical attractiveness has important impact for the selection of employ whether government organization or non-government organization.

美的就是好的?外貌吸引力在亲密关系中的作用

美的就是好的?外貌吸引力在亲密关系中的作用

Role of Physical Attractiveness in Mate Selection by Educated Women in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

The present study was conducted to probe the role of physical attractiveness in mate selection among educated females of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data for the study were collected through pre-tested questionnaire from 278 sampled working women from three public sector universities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa i.e. The University of Agriculture, University of Peshawar and Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar. Results reveal that the females principally preferred well dressed, tall, broad shoulder, clean shaved, fair colored and physically attractive males with the same age and living in nuclear families. At the same time, there was a strong tendency of females towards westernization and materialistic values regarding mate selection. Despite emphasizing on physical characteristics, the females were also less concerned about physical appearance. A very large majority preferred economically sound intelligent man who have good job. The study recommends that an awareness campaign through mass media, religious leaders, civil society and political parties’ needs to launch to inform both the educated and uneducated females and their parents about the nature and impact of religious misinterpretations, western values, materialistic outlook and idealism affected the mate selection decision mainly.

The Role of Physical Attractiveness in Tennis TV-Viewership

What is beautiful is good, the ancient Greek lyric poet Sappho wrote over 2,500 years ago. Studies in social sciences, anthropology, psychology, and economics have shown various effects of physical attractiveness. Physically attractive people are hired more often, receive faster promotion, and generally earn more per hour; thus, there is a beauty premium. However, within the context of sports, little is known about consumer preferences concerning athletes’ physical attractiveness. In this study, we analyze 622 live tennis matches from 66 Grand Slam tournaments between 2000 and 2016, examining the relationship between attractiveness, measured by tennis players’ facial symmetry, and TV-viewership. We show that facial symmetry plays a positive role for female matches while there is no significant effect for male matches. The effect persists in several sub-sample regressions and robustness checks. Our results have important implications for managers in the field of sports. TV-broadcasters will likely acknowledge additional revenue potential from advertising due to increased viewership and change their programming accordingly. We contribute to the sports management and economics literature in that we introduce a new method to measure facial symmetry and show that physical attractiveness plays a positive role in tennis TV-viewership.

Effects of Non-conformity on Perceived Status and Competence: Examining the Moderating Role of Physical Attractiveness

The present study attempts to examine how people perceive non-conforming behaviour and what do they infer about subjects who demonstrate non-conformity. Interviews were conducted to determine the operational definition and perception about non-conformity. Analysis of the interviews revealed that non-conformity is attributed to not abiding by the rules that have been defined or laid out by an authority in a particular context. Scenario-based experiments were conducted, and the obtained data were analysed to reach a conclusion regarding observers’ perception about non-conforming individuals in a collectivist culture. The results showed that non-conforming behaviour leads to a negative inference about status and competence. Also, we found that the attractiveness of non-conforming individuals does not lessen the negative inferences derived by the observers in a collectivist culture. The findings can be extended to devise several communication and signalling strategies to influence the mass behaviour in a collectivist culture, like India. The study provides us insights about achieving social objectives as well as driving behavioural change in a collectivist context.

The Double Beauty Premium

We study the role of physical attractiveness and gender in a two-player market entry game with a safe and a risky option. Participants are provided with pictures of their co-players’ faces before they make their decisions. We find that co-players’ attractiveness affects individual decision making through two distinct transmission channels, a stereotype-based and a preference-based channel. Both are interacted with gender. Females expect other females who are rated as physically attractive to be less risk averse. As subjects behave rationally with regard to their beliefs, good-looking females face less risky decisions in same-sex dyads. Males also enter the market less often when facing a female co-player. However, males’ motivation is preference-based because their predictions of females’ behavior are not affected by females’ appearance. Thus, physically attractive females face less market entries in both same-sex and mixed-sex settings, but for different reasons. This confirms the existence of a twofold beauty premium in the labor market.

Differential Roles of Physical Attractiveness and Earning Capability in Explaining Sense of Power among Dating Individuals in China: A Gender Comparison

This cross-sectional study examined how self-assessed physical attractiveness and earning capability were associated with individuals’ sense of power through self-perceived mating success and investment size in romantic relationships among 196 young adults (88 men, 98 women) from Nanjing, China. Using path analysis, we tested the following hypotheses: self-assessed physical attractiveness would be more strongly associated with self-perceived mating success among women than men, whereas self-assessed earning capability would be more strongly linked to self-perceived mating success among men than women (H1); relative physical attractiveness, as compared to their partners’, would be more strongly associated with men’s rather than women’s self-perceived investment size, whereas relative earning capability would be more strongly related to women’s rather than men’s investment size (H2); for both men and women, self-perceived mating success would be positively associated with sense of power, whereas self-perceived investment size would be negatively associated with sense of power (H3). Results indicated that self-perceived physical attractiveness and earning capability were associated with self-perceived mating success similarly for both men and women, failing to support H1. Whereas relative physical attractiveness was negatively associated with investment in the relationship similarly for two genders, the negative association between relative earning capacity and investment size was only significant for women. H2 was partially supported. Finally, self-perceived mating success and investment size were significantly associated with sense of power in the expected directions for both genders, lending support to our H3. Results are discussed in light of gender differences in mate preferences and the investment theory.

Looks and Lies: The Role of Physical Attractiveness in Online Dating Self-Presentation and Deception

This study examines the role of online daters’ physical attractiveness in their profile self-presentation and, in particular, their use of deception. Sixty-nine online daters identified the deceptions in their online dating profiles and had their photograph taken in the lab. Independent judges rated the online daters’ physical attractiveness. Results show that the lower online daters’ attractiveness, the more likely they were to enhance their profile photographs and lie about their physical descriptors (height, weight, age). The association between attractiveness and deception did not extend to profile elements unrelated to their physical appearance (e.g., income, occupation), suggesting that their deceptions were limited and strategic. Results are discussed in terms of (a) evolutionary theories about the importance of physical attractiveness in the dating realm and (b) the technological affordances that allow online daters to engage in selective self-presentation.

Gendered ageism and “lookism”: a triple jeopardy for female academics

PurposeThis study set out to explore employees' experience and understandings of gender and age in higher education to identify if women in higher education experienced the double jeopardy of gendered ageism. Further the role of physical attractiveness and appearance in higher education is explored.Design/methodology/approachRich data were afforded by the qualitative method of in‐depth interviewing of 48 employees in a matched by gender, age grouping and academic status design. The recorded transcripts were subject to content and interpretative phenomenological analyses.FindingsThis study supports previous findings in different workplace settings that women, both academics and non‐academics, experience the double jeopardy of being discriminated against on the grounds of their age and gender in a way that men do not experience. Emergent themes are women: question they experience age discrimination as any perceived discrimination may be gender related and not only age‐related (uncertainty); are socialised to tolerate acceptable levels (tolerance); grow to love the perpetrators (identify with the status quo). Physical attractiveness and appearance are seen as relevant to the workplace in higher education. Non‐academics see academics as being career driven by their lack of attractiveness and or poor appearance. Male academics perceive women academics as unattractive and dressing down in appearance. Young female academics play down their “looks”, i.e. attractiveness and appearance so the effect is minimal (minimisation) as they perceive these be a disadvantage in their careers. Male academics do not report such considerations. “Lookism” thus presents a further prejudice that female academics experience beyond gendered ageism.Research limitations/implicationsOne experienced interviewer was used to enhance consistency of interviewing but there may be concerns about possible interviewer effects and the generalisability of the findings within higher education.Practical implicationsHaving identified and elucidated “lookism” as a concern for female academics, its extent and sequalae in higher education may be addressed.Originality/valueThis is the first study to show female academics experience the triple jeopardy of gendered ageism and how they look i.e.“lookism”.

Mating strategies of young women: Role of physical attractiveness

The female physical attractiveness stereotype has been reported to contain both desirable (sociable, poised, interesting) and undesirable (snobbish, likely to request divorce and have extra‐marital affairs) personal qualities. To investigate whether such an attractiveness stereotype is cross‐cultural, I asked men and women from Azore Island, Guinea‐Bissau, Indonesia, and the U.S. to judge the attractiveness of female figures differing in body weight and waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) and to rank these figures according to perceived personal attributes. There was a strong cross‐cultural consensus for attractiveness; figures with low WHR were judged to be more attractive than figures with high WHR within each weight category. Participants also judged attractive figures as less faithful than less‐attractive figures. To explore the basis of a possible “darker side” of the attractiveness stereotype, behavior tactics of young U.S. women were examined. Compared to women with high WHRs, low‐WHR women reported engaging in more flirting to make dates jealous, suggesting some truth to the attractiveness stereotype. Taken together, these findings suggest that female attractiveness influences the type of mating strategies employed by women.

Physical Attractiveness on Cognitive Evaluations of Saleswomen’s Performance

The present study examines the role of physical attractiveness in the causal attribution process of saleswomen’s performance. Sex-role stereotyping and attribution theory provide the theoretical framework for examining the influence of physical attractiveness in the evaluation process. Specifically, we develop hypotheses of how physical attractiveness, sex role stereotyped products and performance information affect: (I) causal attributions used to explain saleswomen’s performance, (2) expectations for future performance, and (3) decision confidence. Contrary to the practitioner literature, our experimental results support recent research showing that physical attractiveness plays a limited role in evaluator causal attributions and expectations for future performance of saleswomen. However, physical attractiveness appears to have a significant influence on evaluator decision confidence.

Physical Attractiveness and Sexual Harassment: Does Every Picture Tell a Story or Every Story Draw a Picture?1

The role of physical attractiveness in perceptions of sexual harassment (SH) was investigated in two studies. In the first study, 164 undergraduates were given a complainant's description of either a verbal or physical incident of SH. Photographs varying physical attractiveness of the alleged harasser and victim were provided. Results showed gender differences in perceptions of incident characteristics and an attractiveness bias for both harasser and victim. There was evidence that characteristics of the setting affected ratings of physical attractiveness. A second study with 211 undergraduates, utilized a formal grievance paradigm with attractiveness varied through verbal labels in the complaint. Results showed gender differences in perceptions, as well as a tendency for subjects to identify more with same gender stimulus persons.

Sexual nature, sexual culture

This multidisciplinary study of human sexuality examines the influences of nature and nurture, biology and culture, and sex and gender in the sexual experiences of humans and other primates. Focusing on the idea that sexual pleasure is the primary motivational force behind human sexuality and that reproduction is simply a byproduct of such pleasurability, this book examines sexuality at the individual, societal and cultural levels. Beginning with a look at the evolution of sexuality in humans and other primates, the essays in the first section examine the sexual ingenuity of primates, the dominant theories of sexual behavior, the differences in male and female sexual interest and behaviour and the role of physical attractiveness in mate selection. The focus then shifts to biological approaches to sexuality, especially the genetic and hormonal origins of sexual orientation, gender and pleasure. The essays go on to look at the role of pleasure in different cultures. Included are essays on love among the tribes-people of the Brazilian rain forest and the regulation of adolescent sexuality in India. Finally, the text addresses methodological issues in the study of human sexuality, paying particular attention to the problems with research that relies on people's memories of their sexual experiences.

Role of Physical Attractiveness in Endorsement

The research in physical attractiveness supports the common observation that physical atlractiveness communicators are more successful than unattractive communicators. Also, the literature on advertising suggests that attractive individuals are perceived more favorably to the brand endorsed products. The purpose of the present study is to examine the product and the influence of the endorser where the product influencer is not the user (e.g., Antacid). While in the purchase of cosmetics, the endorser lends the credibility and expertise and acts as an influencer. Therefore, the hypothesis was that endorser expertise, knowledge, credibility, and trust-worthiness would be rated far lower for the antacid.

Role of physical attractiveness in endorsement: An empirical study

Role of physical attractiveness in endorsement: An empirical study

The role of physical attractiveness in the assessment of elderly patients

The degree to which patient physical attractiveness affects judgements of professionals and relatives of patients as well as the psychosocial adjustment of elderly was investigated within the context of a longitudinal quasi-experimental design. In contrast to previous analogue and cross-sectional research, no evidence was found to support the contention that physical attractiveness has a potent impact on any of the variables under study.

Physical Attractiveness and Selection Decision Making

Empirical research on the role of physical attractiveness in employment selection is reviewed. Physical attractiveness is conceptualized as a beneficial status characteristic, although further investigation of the magnitude of the bias is needed. Conceptual and methodological problems impeding understanding of physical attractiveness are noted and a descriptive model specifying the role of attractiveness in selection decision-making is offered.

The Role of Physical Attractiveness in Romantic Love: A Review of Matching Hypothesis

The Role of Physical Attractiveness in Romantic Love: A Review of Matching Hypothesis