Role In Mythology Research Articles

“СЕЙТЕК” ЭПОСУНДАГЫ МИФТИК-ЭПИКАЛЫК ОБРАЗДАР

The article is dedicated to the exploration of the mythical and epic images in the epic “Seytek,” which is the final chapter of the “Manas” trilogy. This epic is the most extensive and artistically refined piece of folk epic heritage. The Kyrgyz people can rightfully be proud of the richness and diversity of their oral poetic traditions. The epic “Seytek” is composed of a collection of mythological and epic images, including characters and narratives from various folklore traditions, such as those of the Scandinavians, Central European peoples, and others spanning from the west to the east and from the north to the south. It incorporates elements starting from ancient Greek folklore and extending across the literature of various cultures, containing valuable information about mythical and epic figures. The scientific article specifically notes that the Kyrgyz people are rich in heroic epics. The role of mythology in the development of world literature is invaluable. It is clear that the mysteries of natural phenomena and various amazing forces invented by people are best described in epic works. It is worth especially noting that the epics introduce the reader to the concept of the ideal, the way of life of the ancestors and create the opportunity to appreciate them.

A Literature Review of the Integration of Ancient Indian Mythology in Clinical Medicine: A Holistic Approach to Health and Healing.

The fusion of mythology and ancient Indian medicine, particularly Ayurveda, is a fascinating synthesis of cultural heritage and scientific endeavor. Ayurveda encompasses a wide range of practices, including pharmacology, anatomy, physiology, surgery, and obstetrics, and integrates the rich tapestry of Hindu mythology, providing a comprehensive understanding of health and disease. The inclusion of mythological figures and narratives in the discourse of ancient Indian medicine offers a unique perspective on the integration of spiritual and empirical knowledge, highlighting the role of mythology in shaping the foundational principles of clinical medicine. The discourse explores the profound impact of Ayurveda and its mythological underpinnings on contemporary clinical practices, underscoring the timeless wisdom embedded in ancient narratives. These stories represent the bedrock of holistic medical practices, emphasizing the parity between mind, body, and spirit that is increasingly validated in modern therapeutic paradigms. The philosophy and methods detailed in the age-old texts of Sushruta and Charaka, coupled with the allegorical tales of Dhanvantari and Bharadwaja, contribute significantly to the foundational principles underpinning today's holistic medical approaches. The enduring legacy of Ayurveda and its mythological narratives continues to influence and inspire a holistic approach to health care, underscoring the indelible connection between ancient wisdom and modern medical practices.

Ethnoprimatology of the Shipibo of the upper Ucayali River, Perú

In the Anthropocene, primate conservation can only take place when considering human culture, perspectives, and needs. Such approaches are increasingly important under the growing impact of anthropogenic activities and increasing number of threatened primates. The Amazon rainforest, rich in cultural and biological diversity, where indigenous people play a crucial role in primate conservation, provides ample opportunity to study human–primate interactions and the sociocultural context in which they occur. Human activities threaten the Amazon’s fragile ecosystems and its primates, which play a key role in its maintenance and regeneration. This study focuses on one of the largest indigenous groups in the Peruvian Amazon: the Shipibo. Interviews and participant observation were used to investigate local perceptions of animal presence and depletion, food preferences, and how primates are incorporated into daily life and culture. Since time immemorial and still today, primates remain important in Shipibo culture, mythology, and subsistence. Local Shipibo participants consistently identified the presence of 13 species of primate. Primates were among the preferred species for consumption, pet keeping, and held a fundamental role in mythology, traditional knowledge, and storytelling. Large-bodied primates were often mentioned as being locally extinct, with reports and observations suggesting increasing consumption of smaller-bodied primates. Commonly perceived reasons for primate depletion include noise disturbance, hunting, and population growth, often in parallel. This study sheds light on the cultural context of an area rich in biodiversity, where primates, essential for ecological balance and integral to Shipibo lives and identity, are being depleted. We highlight the need for an inclusive ethnoprimatological approach to conserving primates and preserving indigenous heritage while improving local livelihoods.

PERANCANGAN APLIKASI GAME EDUKASI TENTANG MITOLOGI INDONESIA BERBASIS ANDROID

The rapid development of technology has significantly impacted various aspects of human life, including education and entertainment. One emerging trend is the utilization of technology to create engaging and interactive educational games. With technological advancements, educational games have become effective tools to teach various concepts and skills to the younger generation. However, in the era of globalization, the role of mythology in the lives of the younger generation has been overshadowed by foreign cultures' influence and technological advancements. By combining technology, elements of mythology, and educational aspects, a game based on Indonesian mythology becomes an innovative and attractive solution to ignite the interest and awareness of the younger generation towards their cultural heritage and national history. In this research will developed a technology-based educational game with a focus on Indonesian mythology using Unity, Adobe Illustrator and Visual Studio. The game was designed to present information about Indonesian mythology in an engaging and interactive manner, captivating the interest of the younger generation in learning and getting acquainted with their cultural heritage.

Decolonial Myths and Demi-gods of the Tropics: The More-than-Human Worlds of Manasa and Olokun

In response to the current age of the Anthropocene, Posthumanist studies explore multispecies' entanglements and encounters in order to move away from the colonial binaries that separate humans from the environment. Adding to these studies, this paper explores the role of mythology in decolonising the Westerncentric strategies of narration. Amitav Ghosh’s Gun Island and Rita Indiana’s Tentacle, envision the relationship of the human with other species against the deepening climate crisis, bringing to the fore the often-discounted discourses of cultural myths. In Gun Island, Manasa, the quintessential nagini is a folk deity of fear-based Nature worship from the Bay of Bengal, and an outsider to the established pantheon of Hindu gods. The Yoruba deity, Olokun, and his/her incarnations, move across the three time periods in Tentacle emerging as the saviour of the Caribbean islands. The novels reinterpret and re-evaluate the tropical Indigenous myths to implement alternate approaches of knowing and being in the world. This article seeks to explore how posthumanist and decolonial perspectives in these mythologies create new alliances that stretch across space, time, and species, symbolising the relationality of all life. The paper delves into the power of the mythical deities to highlight the existence of an interconnected network of human and more-than-human realms.

The role of mythology in contemporary literature: A Descriptive Study of Selected Fiction

The role of mythology in contemporary literature: A Descriptive Study of Selected Fiction

Mythodesign as a Sociocultural Technology of Designing Modern Myths: Visual Aspect

The purpose of the study is to reveal the role of mythology as a manipulative tool for the creation of social illusions, which form the “picture of the world”. Consider relationships between mythodesign and art, and advertising. Justify that advertising design is an aesthetic facet of mythodesign. Research methodology. The methodological basis of the research is made of the analytical, systematic, and comparative methods, as well as theoretical developments in the field of art history, cultural studies, and psychology. Scientific novelty consists in deepening and expanding aspects of the analysis of design technologies that reflect the dynamics of form formation in the system of different spatiotemporal cultural coordinates. Mythodesign is characterized as multiple interpretations of an informational text in visual forms, where the specificity of the phenomenon lies in the fact that it is based on a matrix-type message, understandable for everyday consciousness, and oriented to its inherent archetypes of world perception. It is considered and theoretically justified that advertising design is an aesthetic component of mythodesign. Conclusions. Mythological consciousness is an integral part of the human worldview. Research of mass culture myth-making gives reason to talk about the great possibilities of mythodesign in creating a virtual “picture of the world” and social illusions in various spheres of life. It is justified that mythodesign creates design models in which objects are transformed into mythological components of almost endless sequences that are synchronized with the same infinity of ideas about the “picture of the world”. The aesthetic facet of mythodesign can be characterized as a creative series of images created by advertising design and perceived by society as a sensory reality. It was found that the objects of the natural environment, “passing” through the visual design objectification, become signs that the consciousness assigns certain meanings. In such a situation, the instrumental potential of mythodesign, which allows visual information to be shaped into aesthetic images, becomes relevant.

АВТОРСЬКИЙ МІФ ВІЛЬЯМА ФОЛКНЕРА: СНОУПСИЗМ vs АМЕРИКАНСЬКА МРІЯ

The article presents an analysis of William Faulkner՚s authorial myth, with a particular focus on the concept of «Snopesism» in the context of the American dream. The aim is to clarify the nature of the mythological component of Faulkner՚s Yoknapatawpha trilogy as a system of perception of America՚s national identity in the context of globalization. The article seeks to determine the author՚s attitude towards the functioning of the myth of the American dream in the conditions of globalization, multiculturalism of American society, and the coexistence of national and global cultures, through the analysis of the true meaning and purpose of the concept of «Snopesism» in the Snopes saga. The analysis of the mythological discourse of Faulkner՚s Yoknapatawpha trilogy sheds light on the functions and role of mythology in the search for national self-identification in the conditions of globalization. Reading Faulkner՚s novels from the perspective of their mythological component holds theoretical significance for understanding the features of modern interpretation and perception of the most widespread and basic myths of the American nation. Faulkner modulates or ignores historical data, but the basic structure of history with three turning points (rise-fall-reconstruction) is evident in his novels. The rise represented the Old South, which Faulkner was nostalgic for, but he did not idealize the plantation myth or the plantation aristocracy. The fall is the Civil War and Reconstruction, which forms a watershed between the Old South and the post-war South of the Snopes and Popeyes. The New South is the third moment, with the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, and racial and class segregation. Faulkner՚s portrayal of the New South is an artistic study of the emerging class – the Snopes family, who struggled to change their status after the Civil War and Reconstruction. The Snopes represent the white underclass that cared only about profit and status, and for whom the end justified any means. They work their way from a sharecropper՚s shack to the upper echelons of Jeffersonian society through a series of tricks, bravado, lies, fraud, theft, and law-breaking. The article analyses the philosophy of «Snopesism» through each representative of the Snopes family. The article argues that the southern tradition, with its rich arsenal of concepts and images, plays a key role in American society and fiction, defining the main content of moral values that influenced the formation of the national character of Americans. The mythology of the frontier, images of frontier heroes, pioneers, and people who carry out a civilizing mission is one of the elements of the Puritan epic in fiction. Another complex of national mythology is formed on the basis of the concept of the «American dream», which continues to define the features of the American way of life. These three mythological traditions constantly interact and intersect with each other, forming integral mythological images that reflect the peculiarities of American society, the nation, and national heroes. The increasing multiculturalism of American society and globalization significantly affect the nature and content of modern national mythology. However, traditional national myths continue to determine the main vectors of the country՚s national development. Ethnic mythology is transformed into the traditional key mythologemes of the USA. The article concludes that the study of Faulkner՚s novels from the perspective of their mythological component provides significant theoretical insights into the features of modern interpretation and perception of the most widespread and basic myths of the American nation. Keywords: William Faulkner, authorial myth, Yoknapatawpha, Snopes trilogy/saga, American dream, Snopesism, American literature of the South.

МИФ КАК ОСНОВА МУЗЫКАЛЬНОГО СМЫСЛОМОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ В ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ А. БАКШИ

The modern cultural situation is characterized by the increasing role of mythology and mythmaking. The relevance of the study of myth and the mechanisms of mythologization is associated with its special role in music and theater, with the desire to know the deep, essential connections and relationships, the common in the special. The purpose of the work is to comprehend the mechanism of creative approach to the myth. In the XXth – early XXIst centuries, artistic creativity is not only inspired by images, myth plots, but creates its own myth based on archetypes in the system of mythological modelling. The interaction of music and myth at the point of the ritual opens up new possibilities of meaning and expression. The use of myth in its cognitive aspect gives music a stable structure, fixing semantic points in the form of a plot, a story. Myth acquires the energy of a living voice in sonic mysteries. In the work of the composer A. Bakshi, the musical formulas that contribute to the expression of mythological content are actualized. The article identifies three approaches to the use of mythopoetic structures: myth as a plot basis of musical image, work with sound equivalents of archetypal components of myth, and creation of mythologizing sound structures. In the first case, myth serves as the narrative source of one of the sections of the mystery "Polyphony of the World", 2001. Mythological thinking becomes a way and method of working with musical matter (performance "Hotel Room in the City of NN", 1994); finally, myth is created by sound expression ("Sidur-Mystery", 1992). Aesthetically, myth is interpreted as an artistic and semantic matrix, leading to the comprehension of the sonic material.

Neomythology in works of art

The article draws attention to the role of mythology in the literature of the twentieth century, particularly in postmodernism. It is asserted that the use of myth allows you to achieve various artistic goals: create images, convey relationships. It is noted that the mythological symbolism fits well into the process of formation of intertextuality as the main feature of postmodernism. The main statements are illustrated through the work of Ch. Aitmatov on the example of the novel “When the mountains are served” (“The Eternal Bride”). The writer uses mythological plot, which is transformed and acquires a new sound and meaning, corresponding to modern reality. In the modern world, the synthesis of mythology and realism has become an integral part of culture. These changes gave impetus to the search for new signs and symbols in the literary process. Myth, parable, legend have an active formative influence on modern prose, contribute to the appearance of images-symbols, images-metaphors, images-allegories. The myth, crystallized for centuries and even millennia of its existence in the minds of different peoples, people of different eras, gives the most vivid examples of life situations, eternal emotions – such as love, loyalty, hatred, betrayal, selflessness. Ch. Aitmatov’s mastery in this work consists primarily in the fact that the actual biblical events are pushed into the background here, as it were, and the author's main attention is focused on the study of the psychosocial state of the planet. The theme of Zoroastrianism is introduced through myths: the people believe that this is the only way to return the “Eternal Bride”. In the image of Ch. Aitmatov, myths change their structure. They become closer to modern life, synthesizing samples of the mythical creativity of the Kyrgyz people with the actual problems of our time, the writer creates a truly philosophical and psychological novel embodying the sacred covenant of the ancestors about love and protection of nature. Thus, the commonality between the symbolic image of Zhaabars and Arsen seems obvious, the writer turns to the origins of national cultures, to mythopoetic models of artistic thinking, deeply reveals the spiritual world of his heroes. In his works, Ch.Aitmatov through folk mythology was able to reveal the multifaceted symbolism of the meaning of human existence, preserved in the mythological consciousness of the people. It is no coincidence that the myth - making of Ch. Aitmatov became not only a school for Turkic writers, but also a moral reference point in the development of the mythological tradition. It is discussed the features of postmodernism at the final part of the article, its difference from other directions. The use of mythologems, their creative processing is evidence of the originality of the mythological thinking of modern writers.

Etymological Aspects of Apollo’s Mythology

The present study focuses on how etymology could play an important role in the mythology of Apollo. Obviously, when it comes to the issue of the meaning of names, one often enters the realm of speculation. However, in many instances of Apollo’s mythology, etymology seems to reflect important aspects of the myth. These aspects start with Apollo’s family and birth, and continue with his role in Greek mythology. The accord between etymology and mythology appears to be more than a simple coincidence.

The Relationship Between History and Mythology in Sondheim and Weidman’s 'Assassins'

This article analyses Sondheim and Weidman’s Assassins to explore the way in which historical events are transformed into mythology. Following Barthes’ (1972) Mythologies, I propose that Assassins demonstrates how mythology simplifies history to serve a dominant narrative. Assassins creates a dialogue between contrasting historical narratives through the Balladeer, who embodies a simplified mythology, providing ironic contrast to Sondheim’s complex characterisation of the assassins. The characterisation of Guiteau provides an example to examine Sondheim’s character in comparison with historical and fictional accounts, in order to appreciate how mythology alters the perception of this figure. The scene with Lee Harvey Oswald invites discussion of cultural mythologies defining American national identity: the American Dream, independent freedoms and gun culture. These mythologies arise from historical mythology, but also through commodity fetishism and conspiracy theories. Assassins restores the complexity of characters who are otherwise reduced by mythology to consider how cultural mythology leads to the formation of these assassins, and to challenge the biased narrative of American historical mythology. By comparing Assassins to the historical accounts and folk songs it references, we can better understand the role of mythology in Assassins, illuminating the process by which historical mythology is produced, and indeed produces the fictionalised assassins.

The role of Scandinavian mythology in the formation of national identity

Special attention in this article is paid to the relationship between mythology and the modern idea of mentality. The conceptual foundations of national identity in the framework of the constructivist theory of international relations correlate with historical retrospect. The experience of assessing cultural characteristics suggests a close connection of the modern manifestation of identity with folklore, customs, histories and traditions of a certain society. The national identity of the people inhabiting the Kingdoms of Norway, Sweden and Denmark from the point of view of the soft power of states often refers to Scandinavian mythology. The role of the mythological perception of national identity helps to correctly interpret the peculiarities of the Northern mentality, contribute to building a cultural dialogue in the modern world. The main conclusion of the article is that the hermeneutical approach to the analysis of documents of Scandinavian mythology helps to understand the current trends in the development of Northern societies. The national question in the framework of constructivist theory is based on identity, which is closely related to historical retrospect, understanding the basics of which allows you to build a modern dialogue. The novelty of this study lies in the assessment of mythological cognition from the point of view of its role in the formation of the national identity of the Northern peoples. According to the constructivist theory of international relations, he argues that the modern world is built at the expense of invisible constructs, a detailed analysis of which helps to find a balance in the system of international relations.

Human-nature relationships in the collections of the National Archaeological Museum of Naples: a botanical perspective

The portrayal of plants depicted in works of art in antiquity can provide insights into human–nature relationships. We have identified the botanical species sculpted on marble and stone and depicted on wall paintings, vases, mosaics, and furnishings in the National Archaeological Museum of Naples, which houses the greatest collection of Greco-Roman antiquities in the world. In detail, the main objectives of the present study were to analyse and discuss the symbolic role of some plants more strongly linked to a deity or involved in other aspects of Greco-Roman life and customs. The attention was particularly devoted to their symbolic role in mythology, their use in medical and ritual practices, their artistic meaning in domestic representations and their representation in Nilotic scenes. URL: https://www.upjs.sk/pracoviska/botanicka-zahrada/odborne-aktivity/contents-abstracts/

Mythology as a Driver of Creative Economy in Waterfront Regeneration: The Case of Savamala in Belgrade, Serbia

This article explores the impact of mythology on urban planning within the creative economy framework. In an urban environment, mythology provides new potentials and introduces the possibilities of built heritage as well as its prose and narrative forms, historical contexts, and social relations. Activists, artists, and other cultural workers promote the culture of freedom of expression in this authentic space. Their bottom-up approach allowed Savamala to become one the most interesting quarters of Belgrade. Meanwhile, the Belgrade Waterfront project is nearing completion and the question whether it will preserve the cultural heritage of Savamala arises. This article investigates the role of mythology in Savamala’s riverfront regeneration, the use of narrative myths and mythical spatial potentials, and the role of mythology in urban planning today.

SEMANTIC FILLING OF THE TREE MYTHOLOGEME IN NATURPHILOSOPHY OF P.S. BAKHLYKOV

The article deals with the semantic variants of the mythologeme "a tree" in the novel of the Ugra writer P. Bakhlykov "Bear's Pad". In the work, the mythologeme is one of the dominants of the formal and substantial organization of the artistic space. This mythologeme plays an important role in the natural philosophy of the author. It allows you to describe the basic parameters of life and reconstruct the universal mythopoetic concept of the world order. The semantic structure of the image of a tree in the novel goes back to the archetypal foundations of the worldview of the Russian and Khanty peoples inhabiting Siberia. The article analyzes the meaning and functions of real natural objects - cedar, birch, spruce, larch, pine, their role in mythology, in the formation of sacred space, in cult practice. These trees can serve as symbols of the World Tree and the Tree of Life. The main role in the novel is given to the image of a cedar, the cult of which was most developed in this territory.

Folklore Motifs In Alisher Navoi’s Epic “Sabai Sayyar

The article deals with the traditions of folklore in the works of Alisher Navoi, the role of mythology and folk art in the epic “Sabai Sayyar”, the plot of the epic in folklore, the connection of the main motives with folklore; folklore traditions in the interpretation of the composition and image system of the epic “Sabai Sayyar”; the sources of the plot of the epic “Sabai Sayyar” in the folklore of the peoples of the East and the artistic evolution of the epic plot are analyzed. The plot of the epic “Sabai Sayyar” is clarified in connection with the traditions of Uzbek folk epics.

Comparative analysis of mythological role of Layla in poems of Nezami and Jami and its representation in Iranian painting

Comparative analysis of mythological role of Layla in poems of Nezami and Jami and its representation in Iranian painting

Reading Through Recovered Ancient Chinese Manuscripts ed. by Shirley Chan

Reviewed by: Reading Through Recovered Ancient Chinese Manuscripts ed. by Shirley Chan James Sellmann (bio) Reading Through Recovered Ancient Chinese Manuscripts. Edited by Shirley Chan. Sydney: The Oriental Society of Australia, Inc., 2020. Pp. xvii + 362. Shirley Chan and twelve other established scholars prepared fourteen insightful, detailed textual analyses of several of the recovered ancient Chinese manuscripts. The book consists of a Preface, Acknowledgements, fourteen chapters, and a list of contributors. The five chapter titles that begin with Chinese are written in Chinese, with English abstracts. In the Preface Shirley Chan notes the diversity in unity of the essays. The authors use their respective areas of specialization and different disciplinary methods to explicate the philosophical, philological, historical, and literary contents and contexts of the recovered texts. Their unifying focus is "how do these recovered texts shed new light on important aspects of ancient China, from text-thought interactions, mythology and philosophy to theoretical construction and philological analysis, scholastic lineages and their evolution pertaining to a particular genre of literature?" (pp. vii-viii). Most of the chapters are based on papers the authors had presented at a conference held at Macquarie University on "Reading the Old in the Light of the Newly Discovered: An International Symposium on Chinese Philosophy and Ancient Chinese Texts" in December 2014. The authors analyze several of the texts discovered over the past century that date to the pre-Qin, Han, and Tang dynasties, respectively. Cai Xianjin authored chapter 1, "上古宇宙生成論的創世文化思維Ancient Chinese Creation Myths and Cosmogony." It is often noted that early Greek mythology influenced the development of Greek philosophy. Sinologists who only focus on the Confucian classics tend to play down the role of mythology in the development of Pre-Qin (Chinese) philosophy. Cai compares two received texts, the Book of Changes and the Laozi, with four excavated texts, namely the Warring States Chu Silk Manuscript: Section 1 from Zidanku in Changsha, The "Great One Generates Water" (Taiyi sheng shui 太一生水) in the Guodian Bamboo Slips, the "Constancy, at the Outset" (Hengxian 恆 先) in the Shanghai Museum, and The Yellow Emperor's Four Classics: "Fundamentals of Dao" (Huangdi sijing: Daoyuan 黄帝四经：道原) in the Mawangdui Silk Manuscripts, and proceeds to argue that mythological genesis stories influenced the development of cosmogony and ontology in early Chinese philosophy. [End Page 1] Chapter 2 is by Shirley Chan, "From Nothing to Something: Reading the Shanghai Museum's Hengxian 恆 先 (Constancy, at the Outset)." After a concise review of how "constancy" (heng) is used in other pre-Qin works, Chan makes a strong case for her interpretation of the work's title, which underlies the interpretation she presents in the rest of the essay. She argues that the Hengxian develops a political philosophy and offers advice for the ruler and ministers to model the constancy of nature's cosmic patterns so as to maintain an orderly society and state. Chapter 3 is an English translation of a previously published article in Chinese by Li Rui. "The Early Chinese Concept of de 德 "explicates early uses of the character de to establish its fundamental meaning and how this meaning changed over time. Analyzing received and excavated texts to explore the meaning of de, qi, and dao, he builds a case that the Laozi further developed various connotations of these key concepts. Li argues that the development of an anthropocentric focus on efficacious praxis led to the promotion of de over the cosmic dao in Daoism. Hence, the HuangLao philosophers were moved to set the de chapters before the dao chapters of the Laozi as is seen in the arrangement of the Mawangdui Laozi. As dao studies continued to develop in the Han, scholars, likely Liu Xiang, rearranged the Laozi into its received order with the dao chapters preceding the de chapters. Ding Sixin authored "馬王堆帛書《易傳》的哲學思想 Philosophical Thinking in the Mawangdui Silk Manuscripts Yizhuan 易傳." Chapter 4 makes the case that the silk manuscript Yizhuan influenced the received edition. Chapter 5, entitled "Reading Laozi 老 子 Section 54," by Barbara Hendrischke, offers a comparative analysis of poem 54 by examining the various versions of the Laozi from Mawangdui and Guodian with the received Laozi, and comparing the text of poem 54 with the Great Learning, and especially the Hanfeizi's commentarial chapters...

LA IMPORTANCIA ECONÓMICA Y TEOLÓGICA DEL LUGAR DE NACIMIENTO DE EL IBIS

The article gives a new explanation for the masses of sacred ibises and their remains inside the Egyptian ibis burial places (Ibiotapheia) especially in Ptolemaic times. We find no traces of a continuous flow of pilgrims visiting sanctuaries of Thot and offering single ibis mummies to venerate Thot privately. The many new Ptolemaic nourishing places of the ibis (Ibiotropheia/Ibion) are economically closely connected to the distribution of new Fields of the ibis, sold by the administration also to foreigners like kleruchoi-soldiers. This happened in combination with the installation of many new cult places and cult statues of Ibis- and Baboon-gods, all maintained by an Ibion-organisation. Every newly founded local ibion in the Nile valley delivered selected sacred ibises to a new local Greek-Egyptian Hermaion where they fulfilled roles of gods during feast days and oracle procedures. Collection of dead ibises from the Ibion and their deification, then the mass burial of all animal remains and finally the rebirth of young sacred ibises inside an Ibion secured the immortality of the Ibis-god. This Ibis- god protected all over Egypt the pharaoh’s New Year feast and his enthronisation corresponding to the mythological role of the ibises as supporters of Thot during the first creation.