Role In Mucosal Immune System Research Articles

Peran Imunitas Mukosa terhadap Infeksi Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of major health problems in the world, with high morbidity and mortality rates. According to Global Tuberculosis Report 2015, Indonesia ranks as country with the 2nd highest number of TB cases in the world. Airway was described as a ‘gateway’ to the main pathogens, allergens and particles from the external environment. It has surveillance function that filtering beneficial and non-beneficial antigens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) as the causative agent of TB. MTB is a mucosal transmitted pathogen, infects human through mucosal tissue of respiratory tract. Airway mucosa was considered as the first barrier as well as inductive sites to initiate mucosal immune response against MTB. In this literature, the role of mucosal immune system, in this case especially airway mucosa, and its role against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in humans will be further discussed.

Research progress of blood immunoglobulin E and mucosal immune destruction in the related immune diseases

A series of clinical problems caused by mucosal immune damage in children′s immune diseases need to be paid more attention. The pathogenesis is complex and the clinical manifestations are various, which may lead to misdiagnosis and missed the right treatment. The clinical phenotypes of allergic, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and primary immunodeficiency diseases often overlap.The immunological characteristics of mucosal immune system, the characteristics of several related clinical immune diseases, the characteristics of serum immunoglobulin(Ig) E and IgG, the difference roles between specific IgE and IgG in allergic and autoimmune diseases, the role of mucosal immune system and probiotics, mucosal immune system and vaccine, the role of mucosal immune system in the diagnosis and treatment in the related immune diseases were reviewed in this article. The treatment of IgG4-related diseases and other aspects are elaborated to show the research progress of blood IgE and mucosal immune damage in immune diseases. Key words: Blood immunoglobulin E; Immune disease; Mucosal immunity

Dominant Negative FADD/MORT1 Inhibits the Development of Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes With a Marked Defect on CD8αα+TCRγδ+ T Cells.

Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) play a critical role in mucosal immune system, which differ from thymus-derived cells and develop locally in gut. Although the development of IELs has been studied in some detail, the molecular cues controlling their local development remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that FADD, a classic adaptor protein required for death-receptor-induced apoptosis, is a critical regulator of the intestinal IEL development. The mice with a dominant negative mutant of FADD (FADD-DN) display an abnormal development of intestinal IELs with a marked reduction in the numbers of CD8αα+TCRγδ+ T cells. As a precursor for CD8αα+ development, lamina propria lymphocytes in lin-negative expression (lin− LPLs) were analyzed and the massive accumulation of IL-7R−lin− LPLs was observed in FADD-DN mice. As IL-7R is one of Notch1-target genes, we further observed that the level of Notch1 expression was lower in Lin− LPLs from FADD-DN mice compared with normal mice. The downregulation of Notch1 expression induced by FADD-DN overexpression was also confirmed in Jurkat T cells. Considering that IL-7 and its receptor IL7-R play a differentiation inducing role in the development of intestinal IELs, the influence of FADD via its DD domain on Notch1 expression might be a possible molecular signal involved in the early IELs development. In addition, loss of γδ T-IELs in FADD-DN mice aggravates DSS-induced colitis, suggesting that FADD is a relevant contribution to the field of mucosal immunology and intestinal homeostasis.

Role of Salivary Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Immunoglobulin- A in Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis

Background: Until today, the etiology of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) remains unknown, although hints of its etiologic basis lay on genetic susceptibility, infectious agents and alterations in immune mechanics.Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible alterations in salivary tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Immunoglobulin-A (IgA) level in patients with RAS and its relation with clinical types of disease.Subjects and Methods: Salivary TNF-α levels were investigated in 50 RAS patients and 25 healthy controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Single radial immune diffusion method was used for estimation of IgA level in two studied groups.Results: Salivary level of TNF-α was significantly higher in RAS patients than in healthy controls (p<0.001), Moreover, the level of TNF-α was significantly increased in minor type of disease than in major and herptiform types (p<0.05). On the other hand, the level of IgA showed no significant differences between patients and healthy controls and neither among clinical types of disease (p>0.05).Conclusion: These findings suggest that saliva provides an ideal medium for the detection of proinflammatory markers of the oral cavity, moreover; salivary TNF-α may play an important role in pathogenesis of this disease and it may also have an important role in the search of new treatments for this disease. As well as these results indicated to a possible role of mucosal immune system in pathogenesis of RAS.