Role Of Molecular Tools Research Articles

The Role of Molecular Tools in Genetic Diversity Conservation of Indigenous Chicken Production, Tanzania: Short Communication

Molecular techniques refers to methods used in molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics and biophysics which involve manipulation and analysis of DNA and RNA. Molecular techniques can also be used in biology to study genetic diversity and variation. Genetic diversity refers to the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species. It shows similarity and variation that exist between breeds of the same species. Genetic diversity serves as a way for populations to adapt to changing environment. An increase loss of genetic diversity has been observed in most of agricultural species and particularly chicken genetic resources are considered to be the most threatened. Selective breeding by humans have led to the creation of many breeds characterized by high productivity, leading to the displacement of local breeds and posing a threat to the survival of many native breeds. Genetic resources are the building blocks for chicken development. The relevance of genetic diversity conservation in chicken production cannot be overemphasized because genes play a great role in formation of breeds and species. With recent advances in molecular technology, a number of techniques for in-depth genome analysis and evaluation of genetic variation in different breeds of chicken have been developed.

Role of Molecular Tools in Tissue Transplantation

Testing for histocompatibility antigens of donor-recipient pairs is a crucial component in solid organ and bone marrow transplantation. The technology behind this testing has developed substantially from the first observations in the 1950s of leukoagglutination using sera of multiparous women to the polymerase chain reaction methodologies of the 1990s. Molecular techniques have begun to unravel the structure and interrelationships of the major histocompatibility complex genes. Increased understanding of these genes through the use of molecular tools will contribute to the improved success of tissue graft survival.