Role Of Mexico Research Articles

Exploring the training of school principals as educational leaders in Mexico

The study aimed to investigate novice principals’ pre-role training in educational leadership. The research was originally intended as a mixed-methods approach; an online questionnaire was applied for data collection to answer the research question: Are public secondary school principals trained to be successful leaders when they undertake this role in Mexico? The questionnaire explored principals’ pre-role formal and informal training, their sense of readiness and the main challenges undertaking the position. It reached 29 responses ( n = 29), this very small sample is not representative, but provides insights for examining larger trends in school leaders’ training/preparation in Mexico. Most participants of this study did not have formal pre-appointment training in educational leadership. This seems to be related to Mexican recruitment processes for principalship, where leadership instruction is not required. Informal pre-role training/preparation was more reported to be helpful by participants. Their leadership was limited mainly by challenges related to administrative tasks. The study suggests the need to analyse and improve the Mexican recruitment process for principals, addressing pre-role training and job induction. If larger-scale studies corroborate this scenario, more detailed recommendations would be developed.

Description of three new species of Hyalella Smith, 1874 (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Southeast Mexico.

Lacandona tropical rainforest is an area with an important hydrological and biological role in Mexico, nevertheless there are few studies about freshwater macrofauna. In this study, we described three new species collected in three different water bodies in the Lacandona tropical rainforest: H. parva from lake Nahá with a minute body size without mucronations on pleonites 1-2, H. montebellensis from lake La Esmeralda with two dorsoposterior carinae on pleonites 1 and 2 (mucronations) and one seta almost at mid-ventral margin of gnathopod 1, and H. lacandonis from lake Península with minute dorsal mucronations on pleonites 1-2 and 2-3 setae on the hind margin of basis of gnathopod 1. Hyalella montebellensis n. sp. and H. lacandonis n. sp. have almost the same number of articles in flagellum of antennae 1-2, both species present four pappose setae on the inner plate of maxilla 1 and telson subquadrate, longer than wide.

100 years of Management in Mexico, background and current trends

Business Managementn (administration) has been a relevant topic in the Mexican economy in the last 100 years. In this essay we will analyze the different historical periods and their relationship with the administration, also, we will present the techniques and tools, most used at the time in our country. The paper begins with a brief introduction where management will be defined and the importance of the context of the Mexican economy and its relationship with management in Mexico will be explained. It will also present the research questions that will be addressed in the following sections. The second chapter will analyze the role of administration during the Porfiriato (1876-1911). It will analyze how the economic policies implemented during that period favored private investment and how foreign companies played a key role in Mexico's economic development and thus in the nascent concept of administration. The third chapter will study administration during the Revolutionary period. The role of the revolutionary leaders in the regulation of private investment and the nationalization of some foreign companies will be analyzed. The fourth chapter will discuss administration during the era of globalization. It will explain how the economic liberalization of the 1990s and the signing of free trade agreements affected private investment in Mexico, as well as its influence on the administrative techniques used. Finally, the fifth chapter will present the current challenges of private administration in Mexico (the Internet era). We will discuss global competition, investment in technology (internet of things) and the need for regulation to ensure that private investment contributes to the economic and social development of the country.

Citational Gothic: Silvia Moreno-Garcia's Mexican Archive

Abstract: Mexican Canadian writer Silvia Moreno-Garcia's meteoric rise after the publication of Mexican Gothic (2020) has placed her at the center of contemporary genre fiction. This essay discusses the ways in which her approach to genre, and particularly to the Gothic, is informed by a citational dynamic in relation to what the article calls her "Mexican Archive"—that is, the rich network of references to the history and symbolic production of Mexico. The essay contends that this archive sets Moreno-Garcia apart from other Latinx fiction writers in her disengagement from US-centered ideas of race and Mexicanness. The article discusses in the first part the ways in which we could think about the role of Mexico and Mexican culture in Moreno-Garcia's work. In the second part, a reading of Mexican Gothic unfolds the ways in which this archive intersects with the citational practices and symbolic conventions of genre fiction.

Monitoring Tomato Leaf Disease through Convolutional Neural Networks

Agriculture plays an essential role in Mexico’s economy. The agricultural sector has a 2.5% share of Mexico’s gross domestic product. Specifically, tomatoes have become the country’s most exported agricultural product. That is why there is an increasing need to improve crop yields. One of the elements that can considerably affect crop productivity is diseases caused by agents such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. However, the process of disease identification can be costly and, in many cases, time-consuming. Deep learning techniques have begun to be applied in the process of plant disease identification with promising results. In this paper, we propose a model based on convolutional neural networks to identify and classify tomato leaf diseases using a public dataset and complementing it with other photographs taken in the fields of the country. To avoid overfitting, generative adversarial networks were used to generate samples with the same characteristics as the training data. The results show that the proposed model achieves a high performance in the process of detection and classification of diseases in tomato leaves: the accuracy achieved is greater than 99% in both the training dataset and the test dataset.

"Dr. Ignacio Chávez" Conference: The role of Mexico in viral hepatitis elimination for the year 2030.

"Dr. Ignacio Chávez" Conference: The role of Mexico in viral hepatitis elimination for the year 2030.

Carbon Lock-In and Contradictions—Applied Guide to Academic Teaching of Mexico’s Energy Transition

The energy sector plays an important role in Mexico’s development trajectory. Mexico makes an interesting case study because it shows how difficult it is to reduce fossil energy dependence despite geographic and climatic conditions that favour renewable energy deployment and use. Resolving path dependencies and the related carbon lock-in are key to Mexico’s sustainable energy transition. This applied teaching guide contemplates the use of a case-illustration typology to identify and discuss how the politics about carbon lock-in affects Mexico’s sustainable energy transition. This methodology is an innovative endeavour that aims to apply the case study in classrooms with the intention to encourage discussions and solution-oriented approaches when tangible actions are identified by the educator and students. This methodology elevates the case study to a “living” case study that leads to recommended actions. The applied teaching guide allows educators, who are mostly researchers, to reflect on how Mexico’s case study could be explained not only to promote the students’ understanding of the challenges, but also to provide educators/researchers the skills on how to effectively disseminate knowledge. Mexico’s carbon lock-in involves oil and oil-run power plants that are costly to build but relatively inexpensive to operate. To conclude, this case study identifies potential entry points for transitioning towards sustainable energy in Mexico—resources that can promote the use of clean energy despite carbon lock-in. For example, focusing on electrification—particularly the carbon-intensive sectors—can help Mexico transit towards sustainable energy despite institutional constraints. Complementing this case study is a teaching guide with recommendations for using Mexico’s energy transition in courses on sustainability. By understanding how to explain the case study, the educator/researcher can better structure the complexity of the case study. This approach introduces a “learning activation framework” to identify emerging opportunities that can advance sustainable energy transitions in different cases of carbon lock-in. The framework also gives students a chance to help dismantle or cope with carbon lock-ins. Mexico’s energy transition makes a valuable teaching example because its energy transition is part of a broader developmental goal. This teaching guide’s systematic approach can maximise the students’ learning experience.

Foreign policy of A.M. López Obrador: Declarations and reality

The paper examines the foreign policy of Mexico during the first years of President A. M. López Obrador (AMLO) administration (2018‒2020). The research aims to both identify the key priorities of the country’s foreign policy (i.e., relations with the United States and Latin American countries, particularly in the context of the Venezuelan and Bolivian crises, as well as the Central American migration crisis) and to weigh it up against traditional patterns of Mexico’s foreign policy behavior, as well as to assess its overall feasibility. The latter issue is all the more relevant since the center-left administration of AMLO is constantly criticized for its ‘populism’. The paper shows that Mexico continues to prioritize relations with the United States not only in terms of economic cooperation (within the USMCA framework) and in addressing the migration crisis but also in terms of the overall foreign policy agenda setting as well. However, the author emphasizes that although the pressure from the United States is significant and can take various forms, Mexico manages to pursue an independent and multifaceted policy, as the Venezuelan and Bolivian crises have shown. Such a policy is based on the traditional principles that have crystallized during the years of maneuvering between the interests of the great powers and which, according to AMLO and the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs, should not be subject to any revision. These principles include non-interference in the internal affairs of other states and respect for their sovereignty, as well as respect for the right to political asylum. It is these principles that may contribute to reinforcing the international role of Mexico both regionally and globally despite a rather limited involvement of the current administration in foreign policy matters and its focus on domestic issues. Thus, the author concludes that beneath the populist rhetoric of A. M. López Obrador lies a fairly traditional foreign policy, warranted by the domestic situation and international environment.

The Politics of Temporary Protection Schemes: The Role of Mexico’s TVRH in Reproducing Precarity among Central American Migrants

Using Mexico’s Tarjeta de Visitante por Razones Humanitarias (TVRH) as a primary case study, this article examines how states can use temporary protection schemes as border security measures while claiming to provide protection. Although the TVRH offers a legal pathway and status to move within Mexico, it equally restricts certain rights due to its temporary nature. It becomes a form of differential inclusion by which the state has the right to be able to “exclude and define the limits” of a particular population but also claim inclusion on humanitarian grounds. Despite the claim of protecting migrants, the application of this regular status can essentially become a form of interdiction, which sustains the political framing of migration as ultimately a “threat” that needs to be governed. On the ground, migrants with these temporary regular statuses occupy a liminal space and live a precarious existence similar to those migrants who do not possess a legal status at all. This power imbalance exists more often as states prefer to grant a temporary immigration status, which ensures less responsibility and support that accompanies more rights and protections. Based on policy analysis and field work, the article will examine the TVRH, the processes for obtaining this legal status, and the consequences for irregular migrants.

Evolving together: transboundary water governance in the Colorado River Basin.

Transboundary collaboration between the United States (US) and Mexico in the Colorado River Basin has heightened in recent years, as climate change, population growth, and overallocation threaten the long-term stability of the region. Through a combination of document analysis and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, we examine patterns of change in the governance of the Colorado River, as the US and Mexico navigate socioeconomic, cultural, and political asymmetries to jointly share water over the past two decades. We ask: What key events and environmental agreements have influenced transboundary water governance in the Colorado River over the past 20 years? We draw on the rich scholarship on transboundary water governance, especially around international river basin organizations, to uncover patterns of engagement and collaboration over time. We focus on the binational scale with an eye to study governance at multiple scales including interactions and impacts at the national and subnational scales. Our findings illustrate how Mexico’s role has evolved from a narrow one following a strict interpretation of the 1944 Treaty toward a more creative partnership between the US and Mexico demonstrated in binational negotiations and the creation of joint solutions to emerging challenges around water conservation and ecological restoration. We find transboundary water governance in the basin is influenced by both long-term and short-term contextual changes that can inform strategies key actors employ to bolster institutional resilience and take advantage of opportunities for transformative change. Further, we find that the evolution of the binational relationship is reflected in changes in the negotiation process and structure, which highlights the importance of trust and relationship building, transparency, joint fact-finding, and information sharing to foster collaboration. However, we also find uneven institutionalization of stakeholder participation and transparency in engagement patterns that may ultimately, serve to hinder governance and cooperation in the basin.

Agave pulquero (Agave salmiana), socio-economic and agro-ecological importance and its development perspectives: a literature review

ABSTRACT: Historically, the agave pulquero (Agave spp.) has played an important ecological, economic, social, and cultural role in Mexico. Based on a systematic exploratory review of 125 scientific documents, four areas of knowledge associated with the study of agave pulquero were identified: i) biochemistry (46,4%), ii) socioeconomics (20%), iii) cultural studies (11,2%), and iv) agroecology (22,4%). Research converges on the need to value and preserve agaves since they can play an important role in rural development actions and the life quality of future societies, depending on the diversity of food, industrial, agro-ecological and cultural uses they provide. However, there is a fragmentary construction of the research problems that prevent a comprehensive vision of the producing territories as subjects of development. It is concluded that it is necessary to generate interdisciplinary perspectives for the valorization of the agave pulquero as an asset of rural development, based on inclusive innovation strategies, adapted to the specific needs of producers and consumers.

Migration transformation in Mexico. Challenges and new opportunities for the A. M. Lopez Obrador government

The regional migration system that includes the U.S., Mexico and the Central American countries is currently in a turbulence. Mexico has become a territory where migrant caravans move, where refugees waiting for a decision on the U.S. asylum are concentrated. The Mexican-American border has become a line attracting hundreds of thousands of migrants hoping for good luck. The constant change of the U.S. migration policy principles increases an uncertainty and chaos level at the border. The role of Mexico in the regional migration system has changed radically in the second decade of the XXI century. Now it acts not only as a labor donor, but also as a key migration transit country and the first safe country to provide asylum and international protection. The transformation that took place affected the change in the status of Mexico in relations with the states of the region. The article examines the key changes in the Mexico migration model - the growth of the immigrants and refugees number, the transit migration management, the initiatives aimed at forming socio-economic development tools in the Northern Triangle countries – Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador.

El Código de Paz y la trama del panamericanismo en la década de 1930

El Código de la Paz fue una propuesta de la diplomacia mexicana para construir un instrumento jurídico capaz de aglutinar los tratados y acuerdos anteriores y dotarlo de mayor efectividad al crear una serie de instancias permanentes para intervenir en caso de conflictos en el continente. Como pretende mostrar este artículo a través de la documentación de Alfonso Reyes, su origen y desarrollo durante la década de 1930 estuvo relacionado con la decisión de convertir a México en un hábil negociador de las Conferencias Panamericanas. Así, a través de un caso de estudio poco analizado hasta ahora, se puede observar el papel de México en la triangulación entre los deseos hegemónicos de Estados Unidos y Argentina. Con ello se pretende afianzar las interpretaciones que analizan el panamericanismo como una trama compleja de negociaciones múltiples, desmitificando la idea de que fue un escenario donde los países latinoamericanos tuvieron poca influencia y escasa capacidad de negociación.

Prevalence and virulence of Vibrio species isolated from raw shrimp from retail markets in Reynosa, Mexico.

In this study, the prevalence of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio spp. in shrimp from retail markets in Reynosa, Mexico was determined. A total of 765 isolates, identified as Vibrio spp. (59·1%), V. cholerae (17·8%), V. mimicus (6·7%) and V. parahaemolyticus (4·6%), were obtained; V. vulnificus was not detected. Most of the strains were isolated from supermarkets (48·1%), followed by street vendors (37·3%) and retail stores (14·6%). Moreover, several virulence genes were identified in V. cholerae: toxR (100%), OmpU (76·5%), hlyA (76·5%), VPI (19·9%) and tcpA (5·1%); in V. mimicus: vmh (100%), wzb (74·5%), pilF (54·9%), VPI (43·1%), OmpU (29·4%) and tdh (9·8%); and in V. parahaemolyticus: toxR (100%), tlh (100%), VP1680 (51·4%) and VPI (11·4%). These results show the low safety of this food and the potential risk to consumers' health, since this product in Mexican cuisine is sometimes served raw or semi-cooked. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study shows the prevalence of pathogenic Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio mimicus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from shrimp that is commercialized in Reynosa city. This could represent a risk to consumers' health, since outbreaks related to shrimp contaminated with Vibrio have been previously reported. Additionally, shrimp fishing has a major role in Mexico's economy.

The Role of Mexico in Global Value Chains: Prospects and Obstacles

The article describes the impact of global value chains on the economic development of countries. Trade liberalization has made Mexico one of the leading countries in the world with a production economy and an attractive market for FDI. Nevertheless, Mexico has difficulties due to the uneven development of economic sectors, the low level of R & D expenditures, the lack of sufficient coordination in the preparation and application of skilled labor, and the level of remuneration. The key aspects of Mexico’s current export orientation and its strong link to regional international supply chains are industrial development and job creation programs on the northern border of the country, the so-called maquiladoras industry. The close integration of the dynamically developing sectors of the Mexican economy into the global value chains of North America made it difficult to increase domestic exports. Mexican companies integrated into these chains, as a rule, are highly dependent on imported resources, which limits their contribution to the development of a dynamic and properly structured domestic industry. The article analyzes the main economic indicators of Mexico, which determine the country's involvement in global value chains, and identify the strengths and weaknesses of the country to further expand its international trading activities.

ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВО В МЕКСИКЕ: ОТРАСЛЕВЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ

As the main form of business and employment, small and medium-sized enterprises are key actors for creating more inclusive and sustainable growth, increasing economic sustainability, and improving social cohesion. Small and medium-sized businesses play an important role in Mexico, and the government pays increasing attention to stimulating their activities. Small and medium-sized enterprises create more than half of new jobs, strengthen and develop the country’s domestic market, and support the sectors of the national economy. The article presents the structure of Mexico’s business sectors, the specifics of doing business in the country, the main directions of development, and the impact of the pandemic on entrepreneurship.

Turnover of leaders of authoritarian regimes: conditions, options

The article is devoted to the possibility of changing power within regimes that are considered authoritarian (or hybrid). The practice of some such regimes shows that they still allow for a real and sometimes even regular change of power, without changing their character and, in fact, without allowing the real functioning of democratic institutions. Special attention is paid to the States formed in the space of the former USSR. It is noted that the post-Soviet authoritarian regimes can be separated into a separate subspecies. The article discusses the following options for transferring power under an authoritarian regime. It is possible: 1) as a consequence of contradictions within the ruling group and the involuntary departure of the former leader; or 2) through the execution by the members of the specified group of informal arrangements that can include both the actual transfer — the actual transfer of power to a new person, and an imaginary transfer — the appointment of the regime’s new head, who remains under the tight control of the former ruler, who retains real power. The role of constitutional norms limiting the President’s tenure to two terms is specifically considered. This restriction, in particular, was established in the constitutions of almost all post-Soviet States. But the relevant rules were either canceled (as in Belarus and Azerbaijan) or ignored (as, for example, in Uzbekistan). At the same time, similar rules have played a role in Mexico and China. Separately, the article deals with cases when political transfer is triggered by the work of completely democratic institutions, such as elections or referendums which for some reason are allowed by an authoritarian leader, and leads to real democratization. In particular, the author draws attention to the experience of Chile and Brazil.

Routines and Incentives, and Their Influence on Compliance with the Doctrinal Principles of Fisheries Cooperatives

Fisheries cooperatives play an important role in Mexico, given that they are capable of generating employment, supplying food, stimulating local commerce, and promoting democracy and social integration in the communities where they operate. Fisheries production cooperatives form part of a sector called the social economy. Nevertheless, like all organizations, they face problems in terms of management, worker relations, rule implementation, and continuance over time. The aim of this study is to analyze and identify the degree of influence that exists between the informal constraints of fisheries production cooperatives (specifically in the form of institutional routines and incentives) and compliance with their doctrinal principles. This study uses a non-experimental quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational-explanatory approach. The research methods consisted of the construction of associated indices, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Three hypotheses were proposed. With regard to H1, the results showed that informal constraints in the form of routines are moderately correlated with the level of compliance with the formal rules. Regarding the results for H2, it was confirmed that informal constraints in the form of incentives are very weakly correlated with the level of compliance with the formal rules. And with regard to H3, based on a joint analysis of the variables, only routines significantly influenced compliance with these doctrinal principles. Based on the above, it was concluded that routines and not incentives are the factors that exert the greatest influence on compliance with the doctrinal principles of cooperatives.

Rule‐takers, rule‐makers, or rule‐promoters? Turkey and Mexico's role as rising middle powers in global economic governance

AbstractRising middle powers play increasingly active international roles, yet so far we lack systematic analyses of their aspirations and impact on global economic governance. This paper addresses this gap. I argue that the role that rising middle powers assume in global economic governance depends on the degree of alignment of their regulatory preferences with those of established powers, and on the strength of their regulatory institutions. If their preferences are aligned and they develop high regulatory capacity in an issue area, they will aspire to promote existing global rules in their own region. They will engage in regional rule‐promotion because of growing economic ties to their region, and also because their regulatory agencies are socialized into these rules within transgovernmental networks. I explore these arguments empirically through case studies of two rising middle powers, Turkey and Mexico, in the global governance of competition law and policy.

Effect of an Edible Coating Based on Chitosan and Oxidized Starch on Shelf Life of Carica papaya L., and Its Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties

Papaya production plays an important economic role in Mexico’s economy. After harvest, it continues to ripen, leading to softening, skin color changes, development of strong aroma, and microbial spoilage. The objective of this work was to apply an active coating of chitosan–starch to increase papaya shelf life and to evaluate physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of the coating. Papaya surfaces were coated with a chitosan-oxidized starch (1:3 w/w) solution and stored at room temperature (25 ± 1 °C) for 15 days. Variables measured were color, titratable acidity, vitamin C, pH, soluble solids, volatile compounds by gas chromatography, texture, homogeneity by image analysis, and coating antimicrobial activity. At the end of the storage time, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between coated and uncoated papayas for pH (4.3 ± 0.2), titratable acidity (0.12% ± 0.01% citric acid), and soluble solids (12 ± 0.2 °Bx). Papaya firmness decreased to 10 N for coated and 0.5 N for uncoated papayas. Volatile compounds identified in uncoated papaya (acetic acid, butyric acid, ethyl acetate, ethyl butanoate) are related to fermentation. Total microbial population of coated papaya decreased after 15 days, whereas population of uncoated papaya increased. This active coating permitted longer shelf life of papaya than that of the uncoated fruit.