Role Of Medical History Research Articles

The Role of Medical History and Allergic Tests in the Analysis of Antibiotic Allergy in the Pediatric Population

The Role of Medical History and Allergic Tests in the Analysis of Antibiotic Allergy in the Pediatric Population

The role of medical history in diagnosing pediatric gastrointestinal disorders

The role of medical history in diagnosing pediatric gastrointestinal disorders

Gender representation in surgery: progress and challenges in recent years.

Gender representation in surgery: progress and challenges in recent years.

A new terpenoid from Olea europaea L. leaves and potential aptitude of different leaf extracts as anti-inflammatory agents

Background The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) has played a significant role in medical history, being used to relieve a wide range of illnesses in traditional medicine. The value of olive leaves came from their medicinal and nutritional properties. In recent times, it has been proven that there is a potential role of leaves in cancer prevention and inflammatory illnesses.Objective The purpose of this study was to look at the chemical makeup of methylene chloride fraction and also to evaluate the chemopreventive properties and the anti-inflammatory activity of different olive leave fractions using hepa1c1c7 cells and RAW264.7 macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharides, respectively.Materials and methods Air-dried powdered olive leaves were defatted with hexane, and the marc was then soaked in 80% methanol and successively extracted with CH2Cl2, EtOAc, and n-BuOH. Phytochemical investigation of CH2Cl2 fraction was done. The chemopreventive effect was determined in vitro using a hepa1c1c7 human carcinoma cell line, and the anti-inflammatory was carried out using RAW264.7 macrophages.Results and conclusion One novel compound, identified and given the name oleuropeinone (1), was obtained together with two known compounds, blumenol A (2) and megaritolactonol (3). Spectroscopic data such as 1H and 13C NMR were used to identify their chemical structures. The CH2Cl2 fraction is the most effective fraction to inhibit inflammatory markers inducible nitric oxide synthase and COX-2 protein expression in RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, it has a potent effect in inducing the chemopreventive marker NQO1 protein expression.

Commemorative Naming, Renaming, and the Role of Medical History in Academic Medicine.

The University of Kansas School of Medicine recently confronted challenging questions about commemorative naming. Every year, the school assigns the incoming medical students to advising groups, called academic societies. There are six societies, each bearing the name of a prominent physician from the school's history. Over the years, as students learned about the society namesakes, controversy developed over the naming of the Wahl Society. In 1938, Dr. Harry Wahl led an effort to preserve the racial segregation of the medical school. He fought hard, though unsuccessfully, to defend the established practice of barring the few Black students admitted to the school from continuing into the third and fourth year of the program and graduating. In 2017, with this history in mind, a well-organized coalition of medical students submitted a request to change the name of the Wahl Society. The society is now named the Cates Society, honoring Dr. Marjorie Cates, the first Black woman to graduate from the medical school. In this paper, we offer observations on how medical students' involvement with historical inquiry -- as well as their caution about it limits -- helped to navigate the challenging process of renaming.

From hermeneutics to heteroglossia: ‘The Patient’s View’ revisited

This article explores conceptual and methodological challenges surrounding the recovery of patients’ voices in the history of medicine. We examine the debate that followed Roy Porter’s seminal article, ‘The Patient’s...

Pathophysiology, clinical and experimental possibilities of pericardial tamponade

Acute pericardial tamponade is one of the most emergent clinical scenarios in cardiac surgery. With numerous causes in the background, pericardial tamponade can lead to cardiogenic shock and death. In modern diagnostic era, the recognition of pericardial tamponade is simple, but its management and the long-term effects can still be challenging. Without the detailed understanding of the pathophysiological pathways diagnostic and therapeutic management plans of pericardial tamponade is very difficult. The aim of this review was to give a complex picture of pericardial tamponade, from its role in medical history to pathophysiology and its significance in surgical experimental models. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(5): 163-167.

Роль истории медицины в решении методологических проблем педагогики медицинского вуза

This article discusses the role of medical history in the solution of methodological problems pedagogy of medical institute and the methods of teaching the history of medicine. The author gives the general characteristic of the dif-ficulties that exist in the teaching and learning of the history of medicine at the moment, emphasizes the importance of applying a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to the successful implementation of the educational process at the University, in particular, that the history of medicine is part of a more general fundamental degree “History and philosophy of science". Considerable attention is paid to the role of medical history in the educational system of medical school. The article reveals the role of research on the history of medicine and the use of the biographical method in the study of the life path of prominent representatives of the medical profession in the theoretical-methodological aspect of the problem of humanization of higher professional medical education

Uniphasic Blanching of the Fingers, Abnormal Capillaroscopy in Nonsymptomatic Digits, and Autoantibodies: Expanding Options to Increase the Level of Suspicion of Connective Tissue Diseases beyond the Classification of Raynaud's Phenomenon.

In patients with Raynaud's phenomenon (RP), the role of medical history, capillaroscopy, and autoantibodies in order to provide an early diagnosis of connective tissue disease (CTD) were examined. 115 consecutive adults with uni-, bi-, or triphasic colour changes of the fingers were studied. RP was bilateral in 92.7% of patients. The middle finger was significantly more affected. A lack of association between fingers affected by RP and fingers with capillary abnormalities was observed OR = 0.75 (0.34–1.66). RP with the cyanotic phase had a higher risk at capillaroscopy to have hemorrhages OR = 4.46 (1.50–13.30) and giant capillaries OR = 24.85 (1.48–417.44). The thumb and triphasic involvement have an OR of 1.477 and 1.845, respectively. RP secondary to systemic sclerosis (SSc) had greater value of VAS pain (p = 0.011). The presence of anti-centromere antibodies was significantly associated with a higher risk of SSc (p < 0.001). 44.3% of subjects had uniphasic blanching of the fingers, and among these, 27% was diagnosed as having an overt or suspected CTD. Markers of a potential development of CTDs include severe RP symptoms, positive autoantibodies, and capillary abnormalities. These data support the proposal to not discharge patients with uniphasic blanching of the fingers to avoid missing the opportunity of an early diagnosis.

Misoprostol for pre-term labor induction in the second trimester: Role of medical history and clinical parameters for prediction of time to delivery.

Serious fetal malformations and/or chromosome aberrations detected by modern diagnostic tools in early pregnancy require discussions on induced abortion with pregnant women. Competent counseling includes prediction of the time needed for the whole abortion process. In an attempt to refine our predictions, we evaluated the impact of 11 medical history and clinical variables on time to delivery. We performed a retrospective chart analysis on 79 women submitted for pre-term abortion because of fetal anomalies. Abortion was induced by vaginal application of misoprostol (prostaglandine E1, Cytotec™, Pfizer, New York, USA). We investigated 11 medical history and clinical variables for their impact on the percentage of women delivering within 24 hours (primary endpoint) and on the mean induction-delivery time interval (secondary endpoint). Fifty-three percent (42/79) of women delivered within 24 hours; 83.6% (66/79) delivered within 48 hours. A total of 83.3% of women with a history of late abortion delivered within 24 hours, whereas 50.7% without this history did. Mean induction-delivery time interval was 12.3 hours versus 35.5 hours, respectively. For history of early abortion, the figures were 65.2% versus 48.2% for delivery within 24 hours and 15.6 hours versus 32.5 hours for mean induction-delivery time interval. Current weight of fetus >500 g, weight of last previous newborn of ≤3500 g, previous pregnancies, premature rupture of membranes, and an elevated CRP of >0.5 mg/dL also cut time to delivery. Surprisingly, maternal and gestational age had no remarkable or consistent impact on the mean induction-delivery time interval. None of the differences reached statistical significance. Eighty-three percent of women needed 1000 μg or less for successful delivery. Neither variables of medical history nor specific clinical variables allow for precise prediction of time to delivery in the second trimester. Certain parameters, however, show a trend to reduce the induction-delivery time interval. Our results might serve as initial guidance for patient counseling.

Causes of diplopia in the emergency department

Studies on frequency and underlying diseases causing binocular diplopia in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) are lacking. To evaluate the prevalence of different diseases causing diplopia and the role of medical history, clinical examination, and unenhanced head computed tomography (UHCT) in the identification of secondary diplopia. Diplopic patients presenting to the ED were enrolled prospectively. Cardiovascular risk factors and associated neurological signs and symptoms were reported. UHCT was performed in the ED. Secondary diplopia was diagnosed in 93 of 260 (35.8%) diplopic patients. Among patients with secondary diplopia, the most frequent diagnoses were stroke (45.2%), multiple sclerosis (18.3%), brain tumors (11.8%), and cerebral aneurysms (7.5%). The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was similar in primary and secondary diplopia. Among the 118 (45.4%) patients without associated neurological signs or symptoms (isolated diplopia), secondary diplopia was diagnosed in 13 (11%); UHCT was negative in all 13 cases, with a derived null sensitivity. Eighty of 142 (56.3%) patients with associated signs or symptoms had secondary diplopia. The presence of signs or symptoms associated with diplopia showed a sensitivity of 87% [95% confidence interval (CI): 80-92%] and a specificity of 63% (95% CI: 59-66%) for the diagnosis of secondary diplopia. In this group, UHCT identified 30 of 80 (37.5%) cases, increasing the specificity to 98% (95% CI: 96-99%). One-third of diplopic patients had secondary diplopia. In patients with isolated diplopia, UHCT does not increase diagnostic sensitivity. In patients with associated neurological signs or symptoms, the prevalence of secondary diplopia was high and UHCT showed incremental diagnostic value.

Role of medical history and medication use in the aetiology of upper aerodigestive tract cancers in Europe: the ARCAGE study

The study aimed to investigate the role of medical history (skin warts, Candida albicans, herpetic lesions, heartburn, regurgitation) and medication use (for heartburn; for regurgitation; aspirin) in the aetiology of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer. A multicentre (10 European countries) case-control study [Alcohol-Related CAncers and GEnetic susceptibility (ARCAGE) project]. There were 1779 cases of UADT cancer and 1993 controls. History of warts or C. albicans infection was associated with a reduced risk [odds ratio (OR) 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68-0.94 and OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.60-0.89, respectively] but there was no association with herpetic lesions, heartburn, regurgitation or medication for related symptoms. Regurgitation was associated with an increased risk for cancer of the oesophagus (OR 1.47, 95% CI 0.98-2.21). Regular aspirin use was not associated with risk of UADT cancer overall but was associated with a reduced risk for cancer of oesophagus (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.28-0.96), hypopharynx (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.28-1.02) and larynx (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.54-1.01). A history of some infections appears to be a marker for decreased risk of UADT cancer. The role of medical history and medication use varied by UADT subsites with aspirin use associated with a decreased risk of oesophageal cancer and suggestive of a decreased risk of hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers.

Tuberculosis: an ancient and evergreen disease

Tuberculosis (TB) is a fascinating disease, and still represents a “special laboratory” for immunologists, pathologists, radiologists, respiratory physicians, paediatricians, public-health experts and other specialists. TB, after affecting mammoths and Egyptian mummies, has infected a large fraction of mankind (about one third of them, according to Mantoux-based estimates) of whom no more than 10% of the immunocompetent and up to 50% of immunocompromised individuals, at the end, develop the disease [1, 2]. Due to the consistent transmission rules of TB and its role in medical history, TB epidemiologists have been forced to develop sophisticated epidemiological models aimed at better understanding TB and how better the disease can be controlled and, eventually, eliminated [3, 4]. According to the natural history model, one case of infectious TB is likely to infect approximately 10 persons per year for 2 yrs, thus generating 20 infected individuals [1]. Given that the lifetime breakdown rate ( e.g . the proportion of individuals who will develop TB disease) is estimated to be 10%, and that ∼50% of cases are likely to become sputum smear-positive, one infectious source is likely to add at least another infectious (sputum smear-positive) case to the existing community burden [1, 2]. The World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended interventions, from which the DOTS strategy expanded into the larger vision of the Stop TB Strategy [5], have been effective in decreasing the epidemic curve by recommending, in essence, a set of interventions which need to implemented in order to reach the World Health Assembly targets, e.g. to ensure rapid diagnosis of 70% of existing sputum smear-positive cases and effective treatment of 85% …

Role of medical history in brain tumour development. Results from the international adult brain tumour study

Role of medical history in brain tumour development. Results from the international adult brain tumour study

Role of medical history in brain tumour development. Results from the international adult brain tumour study.

In an international population-based case-control study carried out in 8 centres in 6 countries, we investigated the role of specific medical conditions in the aetiology of brain tumours in adults. Recruited were 1,178 glioma and 331 meningioma cases and 2,493 age- and gender-matched population controls. Only medical conditions occurring at least 2 years before brain tumour diagnosis were considered. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a conditional logistic regression model. Heterogeneity between centres was tested. No association between meningioma and previous medical conditions was observed. For glioma, there was an increased risk associated with epilepsy (RR = 6.55, 95% CI 3.40-12.63), but this was considerably weaker for epilepsy of more than 20 years duration. The risk remained elevated after adjustment for use of anti-epileptic drugs. There was a statistically significant inverse association between glioma and all allergic diseases combined (RR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.49-0.71); this was also observed for specific allergic conditions, namely, asthma and eczema. Subjects who reported a history of infectious diseases (e.g., colds, flu) showed a 30% reduction in risk (RR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.61-0.85). The decreased risks for glioma in subjects reporting a history of allergic conditions or infectious diseases may indicate an influence of immunological factors on the development of glioma. The association between glioma and epilepsy has to be interpreted cautiously and needs further investigation.

The role of medical history in the education of the "humanist" physician: A reevaluation.

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