Role Of Mass Media Research Articles

The role of mass media in the formation of a political worldview

The role of mass media in the formation of a political worldview

IMPACT OF FM RADIO ON THE AUDIENCE IN SMALL CITY

Mass media is immensely dominating the life in the 21st century. With the passage of time, the role mass media has diversified; from being a mere tool for disseminating news, mass media has become a watchdog and opinion-makers. It has become a powerful agent of inducing social change. Globalization, the greater connectivity, cultural exchange over continents and the pacing up of social development in the Third World countries are some of the consequences of the application of mass media. Pakistan, among the Third World countries, has greatly employed mass media to facilitate the development and growth in its far-flung remote areas. Mass media has played an evident role in beefing up the social developments in small-town, remote cities that suffer from inaccessibility often due to weather, landscape or political turbulence. The city of Quetta, the capital of the province of Balochistan is one such where FM radio, the cheapest and easiest source of communication enjoys vast popularity. This study is conducted to explore the aspects in which FM radio as a source of communication has facilitated the people of Quetta. It also studies the utilities of FM radio in Quetta and hence what factors have caused the FM radio's popularity in Quetta to surpass the popularity of other mediums of communication. A survey with a close-ended questionnaire was conducted in which the respondents were asked about their reasons for listening radio and how many hours of the day they listen to the radio. The results concluded from the study showed that radio is equally popular in people of every age group but each age group has different utilities attached to the radio. Young people listen for entertainment purpose while people from middle age groups listen to the radio for news and current affairs programs. The housewives too listen to the radio for daily household tips. It was also ascertained that its easy availability on mobile phones, free of cost and less dependence on electricity for operation are the reasons behind its popularity in Quetta city. I hope that my research work on this particular topic will be helpful upcoming media studies students. It will also be a humble contribution from my side.

Ідеологічні кліше в сучасних українських телепрограмах як вияв постімперського синдрому

Introduction. The interest in the proposed research problem is caused by a number of factors, first of all the especially important role of mass media in the Ukrainian society of the period indicated in the title of the article. At the same time, ideological clichйs, which found their mass use in journalism, as well as in program documents of political parties, public organizations, represented the public (television) discourse of their time, were a reflection of how people really thought and did. This aspect makes it possible to avoid manipulation, to imagine and interpret the recent historical past through the eyes of contemporaries. In addition, the creation of the narrative should take into account the very communicative nature of postcolonial television in Ukraine with its mental content, which was somehow inherent in all subjects of this national dialogue – media owners, journalists, authors of publications (press release), studio guests and etc. Purpose. The aim of the study is to clarify the experience of using the most common ideological clichés in modern Ukrainian media and thus to understand the syndrome that defined the postcolonial essence of Ukrainian society in the period of «farewell to the empire». Methods. Achieving the goal is based on the involvement of ways of socio-spatial thinking, which in modern historiography is defined by the concept of «mental (cognitive) maps». Results. Ideological clichés in the modern media of Ukraine have become a kind of synthesized reflection of the general state and trends of Ukrainian society from the turn of the 1980s to the mid 2010s. The nature of this slice of awareness and representation of Ukrainian postcolonial realities was affected by a whole range of factors, primarily the increased social role of the media in this, «transitional» period in history. Originality. The scientific novelty of intelligence is determined by a reasonable generalization of the main factors of survival of the postcolonial syndrome of the Ukrainian community in the first decades of modern statehood, as they are reflected in the dominant ideological clichés in the media. Conclusion. The problem raised by the authors needs further research, in particular in the context of elucidating the characteristics of postcolonial (post-Soviet, post-totalitarian) society, as its very position at that time particularly affected the media space of Ukraine, which in turn uniquely influenced the lives of people.

A Noisy Opinion Formation Model with Two Opposing Mass Media

Processes of individual attitude formation and their macroscopic consequences have become an intriguing research topic, and agent-based models of opinion formation have been proposed to understand this phenomenon. This study conducted an agent-based simulation and examined the role of mass media in a noisy opinion formation process, where opinion heterogeneity is preserved by a weak intensity of assimilation and errors accompanying opinion modifications. In a computational model, agents conformed to their neighbours' opinions in social networks. In addition, each agent tended to be influenced by one of a two external agents with fixed opinions, that is, mass media that take opposite positions on an opinion spectrum. The simulation results demonstrated that a small probability of interactions with mass media reduces opinion heterogeneity even with extreme mass media position values. However, a large frequency of interactions with mass media increases opinion heterogeneity. Accordingly, intermediate assimilation strength achieves the least heterogeneous opinion distribution. The influence of mass media dampens the effects of network topology. Our simulation implies that mass media can play qualitatively different roles depending on their positions and intensity of influence.

The issues of information trustworthiness during the pandemic

The article analyzes the changes observed in the modern media environment, their specific features, achievements and shortcuts, and especially, during the pandemic. It discusses the role of mass media in an ongoing emergency around the world. In the modern information society, any socially important processes that also affect the safety and health of citizens are accompanied by a flow of false information. The more participants in the process and the more complex the subject area, the wider the space for manipulation and dissemination of disinformation. Such misinformation can be more dangerous than the phenomenon that generated the threat.

Exploring the opinions of the YouTube visitors towards advertisements and its influence on purchase intention among viewers

Online retailing as a mode of transaction has been dominating the market through web-based advertisements since the beginning of the 21st century, replacing the role of mass media. India, being a p...

THE ROLE OF MASS MEDIA IN FORMING THE RELIGIOUS IDENTITY OF CONTEMPORARY STUDENT YOUTH

The article reveals the role of mass media in the process of forming the religious identity of modern student youth. The phenomenon of religious self-determination becomes particularly relevant as a process of religious change, which is influenced by factors whose number cannot but change in the modern world. Theoretically significant for this article are the works of Peter Berger, who develops social constructionism in sociology and considers the role and place of religion in modern secularized society. The work also used the theory of mediatization developed by S. Hjarvard and M. Levheim. The empirical basis is the results of qualitative and quantitative research. Using the results of interviews with UdSU students, it was possible to determine the features of practical student religiousness, as well as students' attitude towards the media. Using the results of an online survey of UdSU students, the relationship to religion and religious figures was analyzed depending on what news the student meets. In addition, the main indicators of religiosity were identified, as well as the sources of news about religion. Religious identity is formed primarily in the family. Students mostly go through the process of converting to religion in early childhood. The process of religious conversion is manifested in different ways - baptism, attendance of religious Sunday schools, discussions about religion, and imitation of family members. During student years, students question their religiosity. As active users of electronic technology, students encounter news about religion in the media (mainly on television and on the Internet). However, if they need information related to religion, students tend to turn primarily to religious officials with whom they know, religious relatives, friends who seem to be authority on the subject, and the Internet. The final decision, however, is made by the student.

Russian Media as Actor of Informational Counter-Terrorism Who Forms Antiterrorist Consciousness

The article deals with the problems of terrorist acts coverage by the Russian media, informational counter-terrorism and formation of anti-terrorist consciousness. The relevance of the study is explained by the fact that terrorism, being a socially dangerous phenomenon that openly demonstrates violence and intimidation towards the public, aims at producing a certain informational effect, which terrorists consider necessary. Therefore, improving the mechanisms of counter-terrorism, including informing the public, is of vital importance. In this relation, mass media should be viewed as both a means of influencing collective consciousness and a tool of information transfer via verbal communication. The article describes the role of mass media in the tragical events of the early XX century in Russia, as well as their missteps and mistakes. The author also analyzes social realia of the present and notes that the contemporary terrorists thrive on publicity. Therefore, those terrorists who do not have access to broadcasting will not get coverage of their actions, which will lead to a considerable decrease in the number of attacks. The author states the necessity of coordinated actions of the authorities, the public and the media aimed at developing a single policy to prevent terrorists from using mass media. Meanwhile, the constitutional principle of freedom of speech should be a priority. The article proposes recommendations on how to increase the efficiency of the media in the sphere of counter-terrorism, and emphasizes their role in forming anti-terrorist consciousness.

COVID-19 and mass-media: the weight of the words

Abstract The events of the year 2020 have had and heavy impact on the whole world. For the first time, each of us felt that we were part of this great globalised family. For the first time, the events that happened on a strict continent were directly related to other continents’ inhabitants. The new words entered to be a part of our vocabulary, and the new way of behaviour have been performed. On the positive side, we could mention that countries have been discovered for people with low geographical culture and the existence of certain professions and certain hospital departments have been discovered. The role of mass-media has been decisive in transmitting the news about Covid 19 in various ways. The article aims to show the role of mass media on the headlines of high ranking newspapers in UK Germany and Italy by analysing the weight of the words. The used methodology was the analysis to analyse the headlines of high ranking newspapers in UK Germany and Italy. Through content analysis, it was possible to individuate how the news-papers attract the audience through the headlines and how they contributed to keeping up the attention and the stress among social reality.

The role and effect of the mass media during electioneering

The role of mass media, especially television, is pivotal during electioneering as it brings to the society information that relate to the election. By so doing, it successfully shapes the opinions and attitudes of society members towards political candidates and parties. In order to gain an insight into the various roles that the media play during electioneering, the study reviewed various published research studies on the role of the media in setting news agenda. Agenda-setting theory was used to clarify who set the agenda between the media and political parties. The findings from the content analysis of the reviewed literature provided a comprehensive and detailed discourse of media effect on society during electioneering. The study concluded that the more the emphasis on a news item, the more the electorates will regard the issue as significant and consequently act (effect) as directed by the news item. The study recommends non-partisan political news coverage by mass media that give equal chance to political parties.

Implication of Brown Envelope Syndrome on Hate Speech and Fake News in Nigerian Media

This study discusses brown envelope syndrome as it is used to promote hate speech and fake news with negative effect on the practice of journalism in Nigeria. Various reasons were advanced from the study why the menace of brown envelope syndrome on hate speech and fake news persists and solutions to it were also explored. Two theories were used in putting the study in proper perspectives. The theories are Agenda Setting and Dependency Theory. The two theories recognize the role of mass media in mobilizing, educating and entertaining the public on vital, social economic and political issues. The study recognizes the role of journalists in promoting hate speech and fake news in order to advance the interest of certain political class. Hate speech and fake news consists of lies and vulgar languages against a particular section of the society. The study found out that journalists use both print and electronic media to spread fake news and hate speech which however has significant effect on the political development of the country. The study recognizes that poor remuneration, inadequate training, job insecurity as well as general economic down turn in Nigeria have been responsible for brown envelope syndrome. Media researchers are of the opinion that proprietors of media houses, and the government should take the welfare of journalists’ very important if journalistic code of ethics and practice would be applied on any erring journalist. The study recommends regular training and staff motivation as necessary for eradicating the menace of brown envelope syndrome, fake news and hate speech among practicing journalists in Nigeria. Appropriate legislation must be put in place by the legislatures to discourage hate speech and fake news in the country. Erring journalist(s) and the media house(s) he or she represents must be sanctioned accordingly to serve as deterrent to others.

Overlooking the Obvious: Communication of Efficacy by the Mass Media During the Ebola Crisis in Liberia.

The role of mass media during a public health crisis is an ineluctable part of providing the public with critical information rapidly, particularly messages about self- and response efficacy. However, little is known about the role local news media play in disseminating efficacy information during infectious disease outbreaks. Here, we use the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Liberia as a case to explore this question. We content analyzed newspaper and radio messages disseminated between March 2014 and March 2015, during the midst of the outbreak. Results show that both radio programs and newspaper articles mentioned over 21 prevention steps at some point, with noticeable differences within which disease prevention messages were communicated most frequently to the public. At least 1 mention of self-efficacy was identified in 31.5% of radio content (n = 127), 23.6% of radio programming (n = 55), and 10.6% of newspaper content (n = 745). Response efficacy, signifying effectiveness of preventive methods, was detected in 25.2% of radio (n = 127), 16.4% of radio programming (n = 55), and 15% of newspaper content (n = 745). This is important as efficacy reporting can impact public readiness to adopt preventative measures and affect beliefs about self- and response efficacy, ultimately decreasing chances of spreading the infection and poorer health outcomes.

Development Of Journalists' Professional English Communicative Competence Using Mass Media

Fluency in a foreign language, professional knowledge, skills, and abilities is becoming the essential qualities of modern journalists. This paper discusses the notion of English professional communicative competence of future journalists. The purpose of the research is to analyze the components of professional, and foreign communicative competence of future journalists. Also, it aims to determine the role of mass media developing professional English communicative competence. The process of research data is based on the developed technology of using mass media products in English classes. It proved the effectiveness of printed, audio-visual, audio, and electronic materials. According to this technology, levels of professional English communicative competence consisted of high, sufficient, average, and low. Experimental work confirms the significance and effectiveness of applied technology in achieving a high level of the research question. Obtained data proved that using mass media materials as learning tools made journalism education flexible, dynamic, exciting, and productive. It was more effective and provided better results in comparison with the traditional ones. The problem of using mass media in professional English communicative competence of journalists, subject matter specificity, and criteria for choosing media texts, forms, and training methods need further studies.

El papel de los medios de comunicación en situaciones de crisis sanitaria. La percepción de la población en torno al control y las normas sociales durante la pandemia del COVID-19

Introducción: El presente trabajo se centra en el análisis de la percepción de la población en torno al papel desempeñado por los medios de comunicación durante la crisis sanitaria derivada de la pandemia del COVID-19, y cómo las personas adoptan determinados roles orientados a la legitimación e implementación del control y las normas sociales. Metodología: Para la consecución del mismo, se diseñó y distribuyó una encuesta de tipo Likert que fue respondida por 704 personas de distintas regiones del Estado español. Los datos han sido posteriormente analizados mediante la herramienta de análisis estadístico SPSS. Resultados: Los resultados indican que el sexo y la edad fueron variables determinantes en la legitimación e implementación del control social entre iguales durante el confinamiento. Los resultados también han puesto en relieve la relación existente entre la forma en la que las personas perciben el rol de los medios de comunicación y su predisposición a acatar y ejercer el control y las normas sociales. Discusión y conclusiones: Tanto la literatura como los datos obtenidos para la realización del presente estudio, muestran la conexión existente entre el rol desempeñado por los medios de comunicación en situaciones de alarma social y de crisis sanitaria, y los procesos de construcción y legitimación de cosmovisiones de la “realidad” derivadas de la desinformación, los bulos y los ruidos informativos.

Neo-liberal Politikaların Medya ve Kamu Hizmeti Yayıncılığına Etkisi

1970’lerde baslayan 1980’lerden sonra etkin bir sekilde varligini hissettiren neo-liberal ekonomi politikalari dunyada iktisadi ve siyasi yapilari degistirmistir. Enformasyon teknolojilerinin hizla ilerledigi bu donemde daralan piyasalar ve issizlik yatirimcilarin medyaya yonelmesine neden olmustur. Iletisim devriminin yasandigi bu surecte, dunyadaki ekonomik gelismelere paralel bir duzlemde, 1980’lerden itibaren Turkiye’de de tecimsel yayincilik anlayisi ortaya cikmistir. Sahiplik/mulkiyet yapisi geleneksel basin anlayisindan farkli olan ticari yayinciligin agirlik kazandigi bu donemde, sermaye-iktidar iliskisinin karmasiklasmasi nedeniyle kamu hizmeti yayin anlayisi geri plana itilmistir. Ancak fikri ozgurluklerin demokratik bir ortamda hur ifadesini bulacagi dusunulen ticari yayincilik, surec icinde tekellesme yoluna gitmis ve kamuoyu adina beklentileri bosa cikarmistir. Calisma, ticari/ozel yayinciligin siyasal iktidara destek veren ayni zamanda iktidardan beklenti icinde olan mulkiyet yapisina; kamu hizmeti yayinciliginin bugunku durumuna ve kamuoyunun ifade ve bilgiye ulasmak gibi demokratik hak ve taleplerine cozum olup olamayacagi uzerine odaklanmaktadir. Bu maksatla neo-liberal iktisadi politikalar odaga alinarak, iktidarin/egemenlerin kitle iletisim araclariyla urettigi hegemonik iliskiler elestirel ekonomi politik baglamda tartisilmaktadir.

Language, Gender, and Ideology: Media-induced Linguistic Innovation in Female Address Terms in China

As we enter the 21st century, we find ourselves living in intensified globalization, characterized by global cultural flows of people, technologies, money, images, and ideas (Appadurai 2020). Language is evolving in response to socio-cultural changes. As such, linguistic innovations via mass media offer a particularly interesting locus to track such global flows. This paper aims to study how popular lexicons in female address terms have emerged out of digital communication and have been widely used and interpreted by different communities interacting with mass media in contemporary China. As China is increasingly integrated into the global economy, the widespread of media networks, such as WeChat, QQ and Microblogs, has increasingly provided Chinese citizens with access to new words and new ways of using old forms. The study thus enquires as to the origin of these linguistic innovations, the linguistic resources required to bring about such changes, the motives for developing such online resources, and the responses by Chinese citizens to these media-induced language changes. By addressing these issues, this paper is oriented toward exploring the role of mass media in language change as well as the relationship between language, identity and ideology, in China, in the context of globalization. Our findings suggest that Chinese female address terms have emerged via mass media, by coining, borrowing, reapprorpiating older forms for new meanings, and by employing multimodality. These media-induced language innovations are not simple responses to the broader socio-cultural changes occurring inside and outside of China. Instead, Chinese citizens, through creating, using, or promulgating new popular lexicons, are able to construct, negotiate, and make sense of multiple selves across those digital spaces. Therefore, Chinese mass media has generated a network of “figured worlds”, within which individuals' identities and agencies form dialectically and dialogically in global cultural processes (Holland et al. 1998). In particular, the circulation of certain female address terms across digital spaces involves the enregisterment of words as part of a sexist register, which has perpetuated the ideologies of male dominance in contemporary China. Both individual and institutional efforts have been made to respond to such sexism and reconstruct gender images and identities.

Role of Mass Media in Dissemination of Agricultural Information among Farmers of Hyderabad, Sindh - Pakistan

This study inspects the role of mass media in terms of spreading information related to agricultural activities in Hyderabad district (Sindh) Pakistan. It also aims to explore the most preferred medium of information among farmers. Three areas including Tando Jam, Hosri and Hatri are chosen from Hyderabad district. The total sample data collected through purposive sampling technique from 180 farmers, whereas 60 farmers are equally selected from each area. The study found a significant role of mass media in disseminating agricultural information. In mass media the most likely source is print media where the daily Kawish and the daily Ibrat are having more readership as compare to other newspapers. Moreover, the newspaper's contents help farmers to get latest information regarding agriculture activities. This study will help public and private institutions in policy making regarding agricultural awareness of farmers. It also helps the mass media stack holder to make policies related to audiences and contents publishing.

Language revitalization through the media: A case study of Amazigh in Morocco

Abstract Given the pivotal role mass media play in effecting political and social change, they can also contribute to the revitalization of an endangered or minoritized language if language policies are effectively implemented. Drawing on official documents regarding Amazigh broadcasting on Moroccan public television and interviews with Amazigh experts and media practitioners, this study scrutinizes the efforts exerted to revitalize Amazigh, the language of pre-Arab populations in North Africa. The results of the study indicate that while the status of Amazigh has changed drastically in the last two decades, its dissemination in public television is hampered by political, economic, and logistic forces. The study has implications for the areas of language revitalization, language shift reversal, language policy, and language planning.

Role of Mass Media and Public Health Communications in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

In Dec 2019, a novel pathogen emerged, and within weeks, led to the emergence of the biggest global health crises seen to date. The virus called ‘SARS-CoV-2’, causes coronavirus disease which was named ‘COVID-19’ by the World Health Organization (WHO). The speedy spread of this infection globally became a source of public worry and several unknowns regarding this new pathogen created a state of panic. Mass media became the major source of information about the novel coronavirus. Much like the previous pandemics of SARS (2003), H1N1 (2009), and MERS (2012), the media significantly contributed to the COVID-19 infodemics. In this review, we analyze the role of mass media and public health communications from December 31, 2019 to July 15, 2020, and make scientific inferences. The COVID-19 pandemic highlights multiple social, cultural, and economic issues arising from the media’s arguable role. The racial prejudices linked to the origin of the virus prevented collaborations among scientists to find a solution. Media coverage of coronavirus news during geographical lockdowns, extended quarantines, and financial and social hardships induced fear and caused psychological stress. Domestic and elderly abuse upsurged. The unscientific cures and unverified medicines endorsed by the politicians and fake doctors proved harmful. The media played a worldwide role in coronavirus disease tracking and updates through live updates dashboard. The media allowed for timely interventions by the Center For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO), enabling a rapid and widespread reach of public health communications. We saw an upward trend for the promotion of health and hygiene practices worldwide by adaption of safe health practices such as increased hand washing, use of face coverings, and social distancing. Media reinforced illness-preventing guidelines daily, and people were encouraged to use telehealth to meet their healthcare needs. Mass media has an imperative role in today’s world and it can provide a unified platform for all public health communications, comprehensive healthcare education guidelines, and robust social distancing strategies while still maintaining social connections. It can enable equal access to healthcare, end discrimination, and social stigmatization. The role of media and public health communications must be understood and explored further as they will be an essential tool for combating COVID-19 and future outbreaks.

Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in infants of six months and below in Malawi: a cross sectional study

BackgroundUNICEF and WHO recommend that all children should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life as breastmilk contains all the nutrients an infant needs during this period. In Malawi, exclusive breastfeeding has been declining from 72% (2009), 70.2% (2014) and 61% in the most recent survey (2015–16). We aimed to determine factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in Malawi.MethodsWe used data from the Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) 2015–2016. Survey records for 2059 mothers of children aged 6 months and below were identified and potential factors influencing infant feeding were examined. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to model determinants of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF).ResultsEBF declined in proportion to the age of the infant. Significant associations with continuing EBF were age of the mother, ethnicity of the mother, sex of infant and number of siblings. Members of the Tumbuka (OR = 1.71, CI. 1.13–2.59) and Ngoni (OR = 2.05, CI. 1.38–3.05) communities were more likely to practice EBF. In addition, mothers with female babies (OR = 1.35, CI. 1.08–1.70) and those with 3–4 children (OR = 1.47, CI. 1.04–2.08) were more likely to engage in EBF.ConclusionWe identify important variations in EBF practices among population sub-groups in Malawi that need to be considered when framing health education messaging. Work is needed to assess the impact of more targeted messaging, whether delivered via ‘ten steps’ to successful breastfeeding under Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) programming or other health education and awareness campaigns to sensitize communities on implications of some cultural practices on the lives of babies. The potential role for mass media, targeted Health Surveillance Assistants’ (HSA) home visits and male involvement also require exploration.