Role Of Laser Research Articles

The role of laser and energy-assisted drug delivery in the treatment of alopecia.

It has been recently established that laser treatment can be combined with topical or intralesional medications to enhance the delivery of drugs and improve overall results in a variety of different dermatological disorders. The aim of this review is to evaluate the use of laser and energy-assisted drug delivery (LEADD) for the treatment of alopecia with a specific focus on ablative fractional lasers (AFL), non-ablative fractional lasers (NAFL), and radiofrequency microneedling (RFMN). A comprehensive PubMed search was performed in December 2022 for "laser-assisted drug delivery" as well as "laser" and "alopecia." The evidence regarding LEADD for alopecia treatment is limited to two specific alopecia subtypes: alopecia areata (AA) and androgenetic alopecia (AGA)/pattern hair loss (PHL). LEADD with minoxidil and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were evaluated for efficacy in both treatments of AA and AGA. LEADD with topical corticosteroids and intralesional methotrexate were studied for the treatment of AA, while LEADD with growth factors and stem cells were studied for the treatment of AGA. Multiple RCTs evaluated LEADD for topical corticosteroids with ablative fractional lasers for the treatment of AA. There is evidence in the literature that supports the use of topical minoxidil in combination with all devices for the treatment of AGA/PHL. All the reviewed studies show a positive treatment effect with LADD; however, some trials did not find LEADD to be superior to monotherapy or microneedling-assisted drug delivery. LEADD is a rapidly emerging treatment modality for the treatment of AGA and AA.

Validation of long arc orbit determination method based on orbital residuals analysis and determination of coordinates of Chinese SLR stations using the LAGEOS satellites

Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) technology is one of the main technologies in the field of space geodesy, it has played an extremely important role in laser ranging data application and research. As a commonly used geodynamic satellites, the main contribution of LAGEOS and LAGEOS-2 is the solution of orbit determination and station coordinates. At present, there are 8 analysis centers of the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS) to release the precise orbit products for the two LAGEOS satellites. However, there is currently no relevant research on the analysis of the consistency of these orbits. So, the authors would evaluate the accuracies of them, and the results show that the orbital accuracies of the two LAGEOS satellites are 3 ∼ 5 cm. SLR is regarded as one of the important input data of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), the analysis center of ILRS provides weekly solutions of station coordinates for ITRF. But, due to the limitation of SLR observation conditions, for example most observations of Chinese SLR stations can be made at night, and laser ranging test cannot be conducted in rainy days, the orbit solution of the seven-day arc may have the problem of less data. Therefore, this paper proposed a method for computing the station coordinates based on long arc orbit determination, and we developed the LAODGEO software (Long Arc Orbit Determination Software for Geodynamic Satellite), which is used to solve the orbits of two LAGEOS satellites and station coordinates of five SLR stations in China. The results show that the obtained orbital precision is basically superior to 3.70 cm, and the 3DRMS values between station coordinates solved by us and the coordinates published by SLRF2014 are mostly smaller than 0.013 m, which is consistent with research results domestic and overseas.

The Role of Lasers in Modern Endodontics: A Narrative Review

The Role of Lasers in Modern Endodontics: A Narrative Review

The Role of Lasers in Urology

The Role of Lasers in Urology

Laser–induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with surface coating to enhance emission line intensity of metallic elements in metal sheet

Emission intensity plays an important role in laser–induced breakdown spectroscopy. A new sample preparation method is proposed to enhance the emission intensity for determining metallic elements. A layer of epoxy resin film is cured on the surface of a metal sheet sample, and a laser beam is used to ablate the film and form a circular hole through it. Results show that by using the proposed method, the emission intensity for Al, Cr, Cu, Fe and W increases by 66.7%–699.6%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) decreases from 6.5%–25.5% to 0.2%–12.9%. This suggests that emission lines with high intensity and low RSD can be obtained using the proposed method. This convenient and low–cost method has the potential for improving the quantification and imaging performance of bulk samples.

CO2 laser cutting of reinforced polyester (CGFRP and GFRP) sheets: An experimental investigation into specific point energy, cutting volume efficiency and material removal rate (MRR)

An experimental investigation into the specific point energy (ESP), cutting volume efficiency (αVol) and material removal rate (MRR) in laser cutting of two different polyester composites (carbon-glass fibre and glass fibre reinforced polyester) has been presented and then the results have been compared in this paper. CGFRP and GFRP sheets with variety of thicknesses were cut with individual laser machines and using different combinations of cutting parameters (power and maximum cutting speed). In this research, a novel comparison has been introduced with using factors such as specific point energy (ESP), material removal rate (MRR) and cutting volume efficiency (αVol), when different materials are cut with different lasers. Results from the systematic variation of individual parameters, as well as the effects of simultaneously changing more than one cutting parameter, can be explained in terms of specific point energy (ESP), material removal rate (MRR) and cutting volume efficiency (αVol). Although two different CO2 laser machines were individually used to cut the materials employed in this experiment, the results to an acceptable extent illustrate a same trend. The results indicate that the cutting volume efficiency (αVol) generally decreases with increasing sheet thickness. The specific point energy (ESP) seems to have a role in laser cutting. The cutting volume efficiency decreases with increasing specific point energy. For a given power density, the material removal rate (MRR) increases with decreasing sheet thickness as well as reducing specific point energy (ESP). With using a given range of specific point energy (ESP), a thickness can be cut in different ranges of MRR.

The Role of Physical Therapies in Wound Healing and Assisted Scarring.

Wound healing (WH) is a complex multistep process in which a failure could lead to a chronic wound (CW). CW is a major health problem and includes leg venous ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, and pressure ulcers. CW is difficult to treat and affects vulnerable and pluripathological patients. On the other hand, excessive scarring leads to keloids and hypertrophic scars causing disfiguration and sometimes itchiness and pain. Treatment of WH includes the cleaning and careful handling of injured tissue, early treatment and prevention of infection, and promotion of healing. Treatment of underlying conditions and the use of special dressings promote healing. The patient at risk and risk areas should avoid injury as much as possible. This review aims to summarize the role of physical therapies as complementary treatments in WH and scarring. The article proposes a translational view, opening the opportunity to develop these therapies in an optimal way in clinical management, as many of them are emerging. The role of laser, photobiomodulation, photodynamic therapy, electrical stimulation, ultrasound therapy, and others are highlighted in a practical and comprehensive approach.

Efficacy and Safety of Picosecond Laser in the Treatment of Melasma: A Network Meta-analysis.

The role of lasers in the treatment of melasma and acquired hyperpigmentation disease of the skin has been suggested by clinicians. However, there is no consensus on the most efficient and safe treatment method. To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of picosecond laser in the treatment of melasma. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese scientific journal database, and Wanfang database were searched. The data for therapeutic efficacy, melasma area and severity score, and incidence rate of adverse reactions were extracted from the included studies. A total of 20 studies involving 1,182 patients were included in this network meta-analysis. Combined therapy with carbamic acid and 1064-nm picosecond laser was the best measure. Melasma area and severity index score of patients after low-power fractional CO2 laser treatment was higher than that of patients after the treatment with 1064-nm picosecond laser. Aminomethyl cyclic acid combined with 1064-nm picosecond laser may have the highest effective rate after treatment. Low-power fractional CO2 laser provided the lowest melasma area and severity index score after treatment, and the incidence rate of adverse reactions after treatment, was highest when intense pulsed light was used.

The nonlocal electron heat transport under the non-Maxwellian distribution in laser plasmas and its influence on laser ablation

The electron heat transport plays an important role in laser driven inertial confinement fusion. For the plasmas created by intense laser, the traditional Spitzer–Härm theory cannot accurately describe the electron heat transport process mainly due to two physical effects. First, the electron distribution function would significantly differ from the Maxwellian distribution because of the inverse bremsstrahlung heating. Second, the long mean free paths of heat carrying electrons relative to the temperature scale length indicate that the electron heat flux has the nonlocal feature. In 2020, we have developed a nonlocal electron heat transport model based on the non-Maxwellian electron distribution function (NM-NL model) to describe the electron heat flux in laser plasmas. Recently, this model is successfully incorporated into our radiation hydrodynamical code RDMG. In this article, we numerically investigated the electron heat flux in laser plasmas, especially the nonlocal feature of heat flux and the influence of the non-Maxwellian distribution. The influence of electron heat transport on laser ablation is also discussed. The simulated plasma conditions based on different electron heat transport models are presented and compared with experiments. Our results show that the nonlocal feature of heat flux and the influence of non-Maxwellian distribution function are considerable in plasmas heated by intense lasers.

The Role of Lasers in Connective Tissue and Inflammatory Dermatoses: A 10-Year Retrospective Review of 60 Patients in a UK Tertiary Laser Clinic.

The role of lasers in the treatment of standard therapy-resistant inflammatory dermatoses and connective tissue disorders has been controversial and evidence supporting the role of lasers in this setting is scarce. To assess the efficacy of lasers in the management of inflammatory dermatoses and connective tissue disorders (CTD). A retrospective case review of all inflammatory dermatoses/connective tissue diseases treated in a tertiary laser clinic between March 2010 and 2020 was undertaken. A total of 60 cases (48 = female) were included and the average age was 51 years (range 21 to 74). The following conditions were treated: scleroderma n = 22 (37%), granuloma faciale n = 10 (17%), sarcoidosis n = 8 (13%), discoid lupus erythematosus n = 7 (12%), and systemic lupus erythematosus n = 2 (3%). Other diagnoses included necrobiosis lipoidica, pyoderma vegetans, hypertrophic lichen planus, and dermatomyositis. The most common type of laser used was pulsed dye laser (PDL) in n = 41 (68%) cases. Eight (13%) patients received treatment with the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. The most common site treated was the face. A good response with a marked reduction of signs was seen in 62% of patients while 10% of the patients did not respond to laser treatment. Self-limiting complications included purpura and hyperpigmentation. Lack of objective assessment and outcome measures. This is the largest cohort of patients to have undergone laser treatment for inflammatory dermatoses/connective tissue disease. Based on this retrospective review, we conclude that lasers can be a useful adjunct in the management of otherwise difficult-to-treat selected inflammatory and connective tissue diseases.

Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: Are Phototherapies Advantageous for Managing Orofacial Lesions? Our Experience With Brazilian Hospitals

Our research group has recently published some case reports on the use of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for managing orofacial lesions in COVID-19 patients, giving a new perspective on the role of laser in daily practice during COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, considering our wide experience with these patients in Brazil, the current commentary paper aimed to briefly present some multicenter cases in which PBMT and aPDT were used concomitantly to manage orofacial lesions in critically ill patients with COVID-19, a condition that has never been addressed in the literature. The proposed laser protocol was effective in wound healing in all the cases; however, the degree of improvement and the period required varied substantially. Given the cases presented, we hope to encourage clinicians to consider using aPDT and PBMT concomitantly for managing COVID-19-related orofacial lesions in intensive care unit patients with respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation.

Role of Lasers in Orthognathic Surgery- A Review

A huge revolution that has taken place in the field of surgery is the application of lasers. In recent decades the application of lasers in medical and surgical fields has significantly raised. Orthognathic surgery is a division of oral and maxillofacial surgery wherein a patient's facial and occlusal function is altered and improved to increase the patient's confidence and self-esteem. The laser can be abbreviated as "Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation". A laser is a device that emits a high-intensity light beam that converts electrical energy into a focused high-energy beam. Lasers have various uses in Oral and maxillofacial surgery, including removing oral mucosal lesions like leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, Fordyce granules, and precancerous lesions. It also helps in removing oral benign lesions, Hemostasis during any surgical procedures, Frenectomy and treatment of ankyloglossia. Apart from these, low-level lasers are also effective in Orthognathic surgeries. Low-level lasers have been used in orthognathic surgery to reduce pain post-operatively, for effective wound healing, and reduce inflammation and trismus. This study aims to search for scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of lasers in the above-mentioned aspects

Role of laser micro‐perforations on ethylene transmission rate in packaging materials used for fresh produce

AbstractEthylene transmission through the packaging plays a vital role in determining the ethylene concentration inside the fresh produce package. Several investigations describing the oxygen, water vapour afnd carbon dioxide transmission in modified atmosphere packaging have been studied previously; however, there is a lack of studies on the ethylene transmission rate. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the ethylene transmission through a laser perforated oriented polypropylene packaging film, commonly used in fresh produce packaging. The impact of the perforation diameter (50–150 μm) and film thickness (20, 25 and 30 μm) at a temperature of 25°C on ethylene transmission rate was investigated. The ethylene transmission rate ( ) varied from 6.75 to 10.06 cm3h−1. It was found to be varied significantly (p ≤ 0.05), proving its dependency on the selected perforation diameter and film thickness. An increase in the perforation diameter of packaging film increased the exponentially, whereas the film thickness had less influence on the . A model based on the perforation diameter and film thickness was employed with an acceptable R2 of 0.98. The model parameters (a = 17.44; b = 0.35; c = 0.14) determined in this study would be helpful in designing a packaging system for fresh produce that minimise ethylene accumulation.

"The Role of Laser in Sports Therapy: Mini Review"

"The Role of Laser in Sports Therapy: Mini Review"

Role of laser in conservative dentistry and endodontics

With dentistry in the high tech era, we are fortunate to have many technological innovations to enhance treatment, including intraoral video cameras, CAD-CAM units, RVGs and Air-abrasive units. However, no instrument is more representative of the term high-tech than the Laser. The rapid development of laser technology, as well as a better understanding of laser interaction with biological tissues, has widened the spectrum of possible applications of lasers in Conservative dentistry and Endodontics. This article reviews the basic mechanism and applications of each laser in conservative dentistry and endodontics.

The Role of Laser in Modern Dentistry: Literature Review

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation is referred to as "LASER." The laser has been applied to a wide variety of hard and soft tissue procedures since Miaman used it for the first time in dentistry in 1960. The use of lasers in contemporary dental practice, where they can be used as an addition to or substitute for traditional techniques, is becoming better understood. Lasers were once thought to be an advanced technology with few practical uses in clinical dentistry.

Analytical Study of Powder Stream Geometry in Laser-Based Direct Energy Deposition Process with a Continuous Coaxial Nozzle

In the process of laser-based direct energy deposition, the particle concentration distribution and geometric characteristics of powder flow play an important role in laser–powder interaction and powder utilization, and they affect the forming quality and accuracy. In the current study, based on the geometry information of a powder nozzle and the divergence angles of a powder jet at the nozzle outlet, the geometric profile of a powder stream is analyzed. A set of formulas for calculating the geometric characteristics of the powder stream is derived based on an analytic geometry method. The influence of each parameter on the geometric characteristics of the powder stream is further studied using single-factor and sensitivity analyses. Validation is performed by comparing the results from the presented analytical expressions with those from experiments and/or simulations in published papers. The analytical formulas provided in this paper are simple and practical, providing a theoretical foundation for the control of powder flow and related processes in the forming process.

The Role of Laser in Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulp Pathology

The Role of Laser in Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulp Pathology

Role of Laser Post Irradiation in Synthesizing Gold-Nickel Oxide Nano-Alloy

Role of Laser Post Irradiation in Synthesizing Gold-Nickel Oxide Nano-Alloy

Role of Lasers in Composite Restorations

The term LASER is an acronym for ‘Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation’. The first laser was introduced in the 1960’s by Miaman. Laser is used to treat a number of various dental conditions like composite restorations etc.. It is most commonly used in restorations for treating hypersensitivity, tooth decay, gum diseases and whitening teeth. Various kinds of lasers such as ND:YAG, Er:YAG, Er:Cr:YSGG are used in various dental procedures. Laser seems to be made for effective removal of dentine and enamel with only minor side effects such as thermal damage. The capability of Er:YAG lasers for the removal of hard tissues in dentistry was exhibited as of now in 1989, Er:YAG (erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet) lasers have been progressively utilized in dental practices and are turning out to be increasingly more an agreeable technique for caries evacuation for patients, as conventional cavity drilling may cause noise and pain. Laser received FDA approval for caries removal and cavity preparations. The use of laser therapy also seems to be promising from many recent researchers. Laser therapy induces surface roughness or even improves bond strength or decreases marginal leakage. There seems to be a general consensus on the fact that Er:YAG is one of the best suited types of lasers because it’s efficiency in dentine is very good without any damage of pulp. Er:YAG lasers are a lot utilized in small scale blasts that may bring visible irregularities. In addition, pain reduction in comparison to bur assisted preparation of cavities has been clearly demonstrated.