Role Of IPRs Research Articles

Role of IPR in an Inclusive Smart City

Role of IPR in an Inclusive Smart City

Role of IPR in Sustainable Development in India

Role of IPR in Sustainable Development in India

Fight for vaccine diplomacy in the global world of IPR and trademarks

The article aims to shed to light on the topic of vaccine diplomacy and the role of IPR and trademarks in vaccine crisis. The research design is explanatory. The data collection methods and the data analysis methods have been discussed. The quantitative analysis has shown that the “regression model” was insignificant as the higher prices of the vaccines allowed the countries to enjoy the profit as the imposition of IPRs forces the poor countries to buy from the “developed countries”. The qualitative analysis tends to show the imposition of IPRs creates barriers for the less developed countries to have vaccines.

The Role of IPR in Fashion Industry

The Role of IPR in Fashion Industry

The Role of IPR in Plant Genetic Engineering

The role and status of Patent laws in the protection of plant species which have been genetically modified is currently uncertain in India. Discussions and debates regarding the same are rife and experts have different views regarding the whole aspect concerning economical and ethical considerations. Genetically engineered plants and modified crop plants are of significant economic value. In India, they face critical challenges, for instance, the requirement of dependable public policies and vigorous frameworks for regulatory control. This becomes much more vital since India desires to be an economic superpower primarily based on innovation. It is very important for a person from the legal field, especially those interested in the field of IPR, to have clarity regarding the protection of genetically modified plants. This humble attempt at a research paper seeks to clarify the same and discusses the various aspects on which one should think while concluding their views on the topic.

Role of IPR on MSMEs in Post COVID-19 Era-in Students Perspective

This study has initiated to analyse the perception of students about the connection between IPR and MSMEs in the present situation. Admits the threat of COVID-19 creates hot pan of problems and crisis. This COVID-19 has no precedent in humankinds recorded history records were found. The 207 countries are affected from the COVID-19. The increasing number of COVID-19 cases has formed a lot of complications and uncertainties day by day especially for a developing country like INDIA. Future India is hold by young minds and hands and the Indian economy is getting ready to become an Innovation and 5 trillion economy in coming days. The economy rebuilding by inclusion and initiation from Government of India through Athmanirbhar, special provisions made for MSMEs sector, Make in India, Atal Innovation Mission, Start-up India, Digital India, Artificial Intelligence, IoT and much more schemes and its contribution. Nevertheless, this 2020 is not allowing us to fulfil our dream.

The role of IPRs on prices, wages and growth in a two country directed technical change model

Abstract We develop a two country, Innovator and Follower, directed technical change model between tradable and nontradable sectors. The Innovator performs innovative R&D. The Follower imitates, in a pre-trade context, and adopts, in a trade scenario, the available technological knowledge. We start by considering the pre-trade context and then we analyze the trade scenario. In both regimes – imitation and adoption – and in BGP, international IPRs protection, R&D productivity, scale-effects intensity and substitutability between sectors determine the stable and unique worldwide economic growth rate and the technological-knowledge bias, which, in turn, affects relative prices and wages. Depending on IPRs protection, imitation and adoption can either amplify or slow down the technological-knowledge bias and thus the real exchange rate, the wage inequality and the worldwide growth rate. For example, under technological-knowledge adoption with positive international IPRs protection and substitutability, wages tend to be higher in the Innovator, technological knowledge and intra-country wage inequality are biased towards the tradable sector, and the real exchange rate accommodates the Balassa-Samuelson proposal.

Role of IPR in Ergonomic Product Development and Design

Role of IPR in Ergonomic Product Development and Design

Climate change and intellectual property rights in Africa: Environmental necessity-economic opportunity

Promoting the development of clean technologies is critical in achieving a low-carbon economy in Africa. The objective of this paper is to shed more light on the role of IPRs in the efforts to mitigate climate change in Africa. This paper argues that the existing IP regime, specifically the patent system, does not necessarily preclude African countries from developing clean technologies that meet world standards. However, African countries lack capacities to adapt, develop, deploy and operate high low-carbon technologies which can give them competitive advantage in the global market. This article proposes that African countries should create an institutional set-up by which innovative strategies can easily be shared to accelerate and facilitate the development and diffusion of clean technologies. The paper concludes that unless African countries adopt appropriate policy mix to stimulate technological catch-up with rest of world in the area of clean technology development and diffusion, they will continue to lag behind and face deepening marginalization in the global economy, irrespective of the IP system regime.

Innovation in the Seed Market: The Role of IPRs and Commercialization Rules

Abstract This article deals with the impact of legal rules on incentives in the seeds sector to create new plant varieties. The first category of rules consists in intellectual property rights and is intended to address a problem of sequential innovation and R&D effort. The second category concerns commercial rules that are intended to correct a problem of adverse selection. We propose a dynamic model of market equilibrium with vertical product differentiation that enables us to take into account the economic consequences of imposing either Plant Breeders’ Rights (PBRs) or patents as IPRs and either compulsory registration in a catalog or minimum standards as commercialization rules. The main result is that the combination of catalog registration and PBRs adopted in Europe is hardly supported by the model calibrated on data for wheat in France.

Intellectual property rights and transfer of clean energy technologies

Transfer of clean energy technologies to developing countries is essential for climate change mitigation; however, it does not happen rapidly enough. On the supply side, industrialised nations’ companies see insufficient IPR protection in developing countries as a barrier to technology transfer while on the demand side, developing countries consider IPR protection as a barrier for them to access the clean energy technologies. This paper examines the role of IPRs in the transfer of clean energy technologies through a case study of wind energy technologies. Legal solutions are explored to make the current IPR regime work for transfer of clean energy technologies in the UNFCCC as well as the WTO framework.

Editorial. The enduring enigma of TRIPS: a challenge for the world economic system

This special issue on trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS) is introduced with a perspective that focuses on the urgency of narrowing the gap in living standards between the rich nations and the poor. The 1997/98 world economic crisis highlights the question of whether creating an international market in intellectual property sufficiently addresses the interests of developing countries in the diffusion and use of knowledge. It is suggested that substantial intervention by international institutions with interests in promoting development is also required. The role of IPRs in economic development is analyzed, and this contribution points to a few areas in which consensus among international IPRs specialists is emerging. Among these is that the role of IPRs is context-sensitive, depending on the particular characteristics of countries in which IPRs systems are introduced, and depending on the specific industries in which these IPRs are employed. This context-sensitive role argues for flexible implementation of the TRIPS Agreement in developing and newly industrializing countries. In WTO implementation of the TRIPS Agreement (including a review of national laws and dispute settlement) and in forthcoming WTO TRIPS negotiations (in areas such as biotechnology and genetics, the digital environment and electronic commerce, exhaustion of rights, non-violation causes of actions, competition and investment), the specific interests of the developing countries must be given a priority. Just as developed countries have traditionally balanced the IPRs interests of producers, consumers, and the science and research communities, so also must the WTO balance respective global interests in technology and creativity. The author urges a more extensive role for institutions such as the World Bank in technology capacity-building.

The interface between competition policy and intellectual property in the context of the international trading system

The author reflects on the relationship between intellectual property rights and competition law. The emergence of a new prospective among economists on this relationship is stressed, suggesting that a dynamic view of the role of IPRs in promoting economic welfare gains generally leads to the conclusion that IP protection is compatible with economic principles favoring competitive markets. The current attitude of competition law authorities toward IPRs in Canada, the European Union, Japan and the USA is described. This attitude reflects a shift away from a more critical approach to IPRs followed by competition authorities in the 1970s. It is postulated that these authorities have accepted a new dynamic view of the economic role of IPRs. The rules of the WTO TRIPS Agreement which address anti-competitive practices are also described. The circumstances in which IPRs may nevertheless facilitate economic outcomes adverse to public welfare are considered. There are certain market segments (e.g., the network environment) in which risks of abuse may be greater than in others. Also, there are risks that overprotection may lead to suboptimal economic outcomes. The exhaustion of rights/parallel imports question is touched on briefly, suggesting that it may not be practicable to extend the EU role of exhaustion to the multilateral arena, but also suggesting that regional rules of exhaustion may be useful.

Reforming intellectual property rights regimes: challenges for developing countries

This paper describes changes to the environment in which developing countries make decisions with respect to IPRs, including changes brought about by the intensification of world trade in technology-dependent goods and services, and changes brought about by the evolution of technologies. It is suggested that innovation has become a more important factor for developing country economies, and that the enhancement of IPRs-related infrastructure has therefore taken on added significance for these economies, IPRs-related infrastructures that are best suited to developing country economies may be different to those that are best suited to industrialized country economies, and the authors offer a number of strategic options for developing countries. International institutions such as the World Bank may play an important role in enhancing the capacity of developing countries to take advantage of innovative activity in the industrialized countries, as well in promoting local innovation. These institutions may play the role of honest broker among countries and groups with different technology-related interests, they may create training programs for technical administrative personnel and judges, they may facilitate improvements in educational institutions that encourage innovative activity, and they may also take a lead role in advanced research on the role of IPRs in international economic development.