Role Of International Cooperation Research Articles

Regulatory Protection and the Role of International Cooperation

Domestic regulations that impede international trade have become a central concern in contemporary trade negotiations. In this paper, I develop a general-equilibrium framework to analyze the welfare consequences of product regulations and their international harmonization. In my model, raising product standards reduces a negative externality associated with consumption but also increases the marginal and fixed costs of production. When a country sets its product standards non-cooperatively, the effects of standards on other countries' wages and number of firms are not internalized, giving rise to an international inefficiency. I show that the World Trade Organization's non-discrimination principle of national treatment cannot lead to an efficient equilibrium when standards affect the fixed cost of production. I then conduct a quantitative exercise and find that current international cooperation on product standards is still far from complete: welfare losses from abandoning national treatment average 1.44 percent, whereas potential welfare gains from efficient multilateral cooperation average 12.59 percent.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RUSSIAN ENERGY DIPLOMACY

In the present study we examined the impact of technology on the development of world energy in the world, as well as on the development of international energy relations. The important role of international cooperation in the field of energy technologies as a key factor in the development and global deployment of energy technologies in the industry. The most effective technology in the world of multilateral cooperation under the auspices of the International Energy Agency (IEA) and other international organizations. It allows the joint efforts of the countries concerned to develop new technologies, test them and implement in production. For Russia, it is very important, because at the moment our country is not only a leading exporter of energy resources, but also has a significant impact on global energy security. At the same time Russia's FEC requires urgent and serious modernization through the development and introduction of innovative technologies on the basis of the study of international experience. Therefore the question of modernization of Russian fuel and energy complex has an international character. One way to accelerate the process of modernization of the organization is a public-private partnership that will largely depend on the nature and possibilities of Russian energy diplomacy, given the geopolitical and economic realities in connection with the sanctions imposed by Western countries against our country.

The Role of International Cooperation in Demarcation of Territorial Boundaries in International Law and Procedures

Non-judicial developments in the field of boundary issues, with the aim of achieving stability and preserve it, move toward the ideal of international community. The ideal is to maintain international peace, order and security. Developments and advances are in the service of this ideal and countries take steps in this direction with responsibility than before and with believe in integrity of international peace, order and security, and apply technical and human progresses in this way. International organizations and countries, as the main subjects of international law, with understanding adverse consequences of instability, use all the tools necessary to achieve this goal and non-judicial developments occurring in delimitation of international territorial boundaries, are in line with this excellent goal. Today, countries cooperate wider than past in different ways and in all fields including boundary issues. Deep understanding toward the importance of international peace, order and security and legal belief to necessity of such cooperation, undoubtedly have facilitate today direction. Of course, the role of international institutions and organizations was very dramatic in developing such belief.

Global Migration Governance

This article maps the global governance processes on migration and assesses whether the human rights of migrants are effectively included and mainstreamed therein. It is argued that the lack of a comprehensive framework for migration governance and the insufficient focus on the human rights dimension in migration management have led to serious human rights violations in the treatment of migrants and asylum seekers, and to a lack of oversight and accountability when these violations occur. The article commences with an examination of the legal and normative framework related to the three areas that have been the main objects of global migration governance: the refugee regime, international labour standards and transnational criminal law regarding human trafficking. It goes on to explore the complex institutional framework of global migration governance and how it has been mostly informal, ad hoc, non-binding and State-led. The article concludes with a discussion on the future perspectives for a human rights-centred approach in global migration governance. It is contended that there is a need to bring the migration dialogue inside the United Nations, as it already plays a key role in international cooperation, with human rights as one of its pillars.

Economic impacts of an international carbon market in achieving the INDC targets

Marked-based emissions trading systems (ETS) are cost effective to facilitate emission abatement and are expected to play an essential role in international cooperation for global emission mitigation. In this analysis we discussed the impacts of a linked ETS in achieving the Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) emission reduction target in 2030 with a multi-regional computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. We find that Global ETS can distinctly reduce the emission reduction cost in Annex I countries. The equilibrium CO2 price in the global carbon market in 2030 is around $29.83 per ton of CO2, lower than that of the United States ($45.19/tCO2) and the EU ($41.50/tCO2), about the same level with that of China ($37.30/tCO2), and higher than that of India ($8.39/tCO2) and Russia ($3.97/tCO2) in National ETS Scenario. As the reallocation of emission permits in linking ETS would alter the energy consumption cost of the participant countries, the permit importers' production would be more cost competitive, especially for energy intensive products. The permit exporters undertake the opposite economic impact. However, the fund transferred from the permit importers could stimulate consumption and investment activities in permit exporter countries and overall the linking ETS increase the economic aggregate of the participating countries.

A Policy for Improving Efficiency of Agriculture Pump Sets in India: Drivers, Barriers And Indicators

The Indian power sector provides significant opportunities for reducing energy consumption by addressing existing inefficiencies of technical, operational and economic nature. Replacement of inefficient agricultural pump sets has been identified as one of the key policy initiatives, which to date, has been limited to a few pilot projects. The policy objectives are to: replace inefficient pump sets, improve distribution grids and provide metering. Adequate readdressing of economic inefficiencies, in terms of electricity pricing, remains a long-term objective. The scalability of such a policy proposal across the country offers many challenges. The paper identifies drivers and barriers for implementation of the policy, role of international cooperation and indicators for policy implementation with international cooperation.

From enforcement to prevention: international cooperation and financial benchmark reform

The London Interbank Offered Rate and forex scandals have shaken public trust in the global financial system. Despite the global nature of the scandals, the role of international cooperation in preventing financial benchmark manipulation has been surprisingly overlooked. Benchmark reform has tended to focus on structural changes to benchmark administration and regulation, with a particular emphasis on benchmark quality, methodology and governance. Where international cooperation has occurred, it has tended to operate ex post, in facilitating cross-border investigations after crises have already been revealed. Where ex ante cooperation has occurred, it has taken the form of high-level standard-setting. It is clear that further cooperation is needed to prevent misconduct rather than to merely punish it. This article addresses the question of international cooperation in the financial benchmark context and concludes that cooperative tools such as ad hoc discussions, supervisory colleges, equivalence measures and regulatory networks have the potential to bridge the preventative gap in this regard.

A framework for technology cooperation to accelerate the deployment of renewable energy in Pacific Island Countries

When considering renewable energy, Pacific Island Countries (PICs) focus on energy security and affordability as primary benefits. In Melanesia, access to modern energy services represents a major unfinished agenda. To that end, Pacific Energy Ministers have endorsed the Framework for Action on Energy Security in the Pacific (FAESP) in April 2011. The associated implementation plan (IPESP) was developed, however never formally endorsed. PICs have instead taken a pathway towards national energy transition roadmaps. This paper describes the current status of the energy sector in PICs, the main challenges and the barriers to the deployment of renewable energy and the role of international cooperation in accelerating deployment. In the context of this analysis, technology cooperation is treated as the sum of cooperation on “orgware”, software and hardware. These three dimensions are explored in the context of the Pacific energy sector, looking at how development finance (DF) is currently distributed among them. Looking at the key barriers identified and the areas where DF has been focused to date, this paper proposes a framework for removal of barriers to the deployment of renewable energy in the Pacific through more focused use of DF and technical cooperation. The framework identifies key goals, actors, activities, resources necessary and indicators to monitor progress.

Adjusting to population ageing: evidence for policy action

Abstract This article discusses the contribution of research evidence to shifting the focus of international policy planning on ageing from predominantly humanitarian aspects to predominantly developmental aspects. Opposing views on the implications of population change for societal development are delineated. Particular attention is paid to efforts aimed at linking research and policy processes in the area of population ageing. The role of international cooperation in developing/strengthening national capacity for evidence informed policy on ageing is reviewed.

The role of international cooperation in the prevention and control of ebola virus disease epidemic in Sierra Leone

The role of international cooperation in the prevention and control of ebola virus disease epidemic in Sierra Leone

The Role Of International Cooperation In Fostering Public Health Response To Asbestos: The Experience Of Italy – Latin American Network

Asbestos (mostly chrysotile) is currently used in numerous Latin American countries. Latin America contributes to the nearly 107.000 annual deaths occurring worldwide because of asbestos related-di...

RUSSIAN PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ACTIVITIES IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1990S AND THE ISSUE OF THE COUNTRY’S NATIONAL SECURITY PROTECTION

The article considers the new approach of the Russian government in the sphere of foreign integration and cooperation with international organizations in the second half of the 1990s. Based on the analysis of factual and documentary proved data the reasons for the transfer of the country’s foreign policy into multi-vector direction and its diversification have been explained. The author’s evaluation of the attempts of Russia to integrate into multipolar world and the role of international cooperation in this process has been given.

The Role of International Cooperation in Preventing Tax Evasion: A Critique on “Assistance in the Collection of Taxes” – A South African Perspective

In this article, the author discusses the effectiveness of the legal framework for assistance in tax collection, with particular focus on South African developments.

BRICS in the response to neglected tropical diseases.

Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa--the countries known as BRICS--are transitioning from emerging economies to leaders in geopolitical affairs. While BRICS face increasing prevalence of noncommunicable disease and injury, they also continue to be burdened by many infectious diseases, including neglected tropical diseases. Neglected tropical diseases are endemic in all of the BRICS countries except the Russian Federation. Lymphatic filariasis is endemic in Brazil and India, soil-transmitted helminths are endemic in Brazil, China, India and South Africa, trachoma is endemic in Brazil, China and India, schistosomiasis exists in Brazil and China and onchocerciasis persists in parts of Brazil. BRICS account for more than 30% of the world's children at risk of infection with soil-transmitted helminths. (1) India alone accounts for nearly half of the world's population at risk of lymphatic filariasis. (2-3) The morbidity and disability caused by neglected tropical diseases such as lymphoedema caused by filarial infection or blindness caused by trachoma --perpetuate poverty and inequality. (4) Since these diseases prevent children from attending school and parents from working, they also decrease education, worker productivity and overall wealth. The five BRICS countries are uniquely positioned--as a group and as individual countries--to ensure that neglected tropical diseases receive the international attention they deserve. Each of these countries is increasing its role in international cooperation. It has been estimated that BRICS provided 5.6 billion United States dollars in foreign assistance in 2010.5 As BRICS launch a new development bank and institutionalize dialogue between their heads of state, they will expand their influence from the regional stage to the global stage and strengthen their role as drivers of innovative cooperation. (5) By demonstrating leadership and addressing their domestic disease burdens, Brazil, China, India and South Africa can make a substantial contribution to reducing the global burden of neglected tropical diseases. By building on their individual and collective mechanisms for shaping policy and promoting cooperation, all five of the BRICS countries can enhance the global response to neglected tropical diseases and help other countries to scale up their neglected tropical disease programmes--to reach the remaining 1.4 billion people worldwide who are at risk of developing one or more of these debilitating diseases of poverty. (4) Global progress Since the World Health Organization (WHO) released its neglected tropical disease roadmap in 2010, the World Bank, major pharmaceutical companies, bilateral aid agencies, endemic countries and other public and private sector organizations have increased their support for the global neglected tropical disease response. In January 2012--in the London declaration on neglected tropical diseases --these partners pledged to increase drug donations, research and development and bilateral efforts in support of the goals set by WHO. The goals are to control or eliminate guinea worm, leprosy, lymphatic filariasis, trachoma and sleeping sickness and to control schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis, soil-transmitted helminths, Chagas disease and visceral leishmaniasis by 2020. The growing momentum to address these diseases was further demonstrated by the Sixty-sixth World Health Assembly's adoption of a resolution that urged Member States to increase their ownership of--and financing for--neglected tropical disease programmes. Although more than 70 endemic countries have now developed national plans to control and eliminate neglected tropical diseases and more than 700 million preventive treatments are being delivered annually, these activities are still reaching less than 40% of the global population at risk. (4) BRICS' engagement Leading by example In recent years, the four BRICS countries where neglected tropical diseases are endemic have made great strides in controlling and eliminating such diseases within their borders--by scaling up and sustaining their national neglected tropical disease programmes. …

The Role of International Cooperation in Community-based Tourism

This paper investigates the role of tourism in rural development specifically with reference to community-based tourism (CBT) as a rural community development approach. A case study method is to unpack a CBT development project in which the influence of international actors is pronounced. Participant observation was used for data collection including reviewing of literature. This paper shows the trajectory of a CBT project being compromised by the influence of international capital within a neo-liberal framework. A major contribution of this paper is the proposition of a CBT model that articulates and delineates the role of external players and the ingredients of a potentially viable CBT project. These ingredients include: convenience to community, primacy of local culture, bottom-up structures, autonomy, self-governance, the promotion of community cohesion, respect for and preservation of the environment, enhancement of the health and educational well-being of communities. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n4p638

Internacionalización y cooperación universitaria: el caso de Cátedra Europa

This article explains the relationship between globalization and internationalization. It also points out the relevance and importance of internationalization for higher education institutions. Furthermore it takes into consideration the pertinence of international cooperation in a globalized world and how international cooperation is useful in the process of internationalization of higher education institutions aligned with achieving their mission and positively contributing to society. The second part of the article is dedicated to the case of Catedra Europa, an international program offered by Universidad del Norte in Barranquilla, Colombia. Catedra Europa is a successful model that illustrates the role of international cooperation in the process of internationalization of a higher education institution.

La protection de l’environnement tunisien au lendemain de la révolution

This article discusses environmental law in Tunisia with a special focus on the recent developments relating to the abolition of Tunisian dictatorship in January 2011. In addition to discussion of recent activities which followed the revolution, the author provides a brief overview of the sectoral laws on air, water, waste, as well as cultural goods and archaeological and historical heritage, and traditional arts, stating regulatory aims, legal sanction tools and shortcomings under the former regime. Since the dissolution of Tunisian dictatorship, a considerable number of lawsuits have been brought before the courts, in particular concerning restitution of private property. Alongside this, other activities have been undertaken to improve the environmental situation and remedy the damages brought about under the dictatorial regime. The reported means cover working groups seeking ways to sensitise the population by making relevant information available, as well as, more pointed projects involving eco-tourism, consolidation of evaluative and communicative instruments available in environmental governance, etc. In this context, the author specifically points out the role of international cooperation with the EU and actors belonging to the European area. The article also includes a brief reflection on the strengthening of citizens’ rights to a healthy environment while discussions are cur- rently taking place to implement such a right in the constitution.

E3 Program and Its Role in International Cooperation in Engineering Education

Hokkaido University started out in 1876 as Sapporo Agricultural College with foreign professors teaching agriculture and civil engineering to Japanese students in English. Since then HU has expanded to cover various disciplines and changed its medium of instruction to Japanese. In 2000, HU School of Engineering launched a graduate program with English as a medium of instruction. It is a complete reverse from a century ago because this time professors are Japanese while students are mainly international students from overseas. The main objective is to disseminate advanced knowledge Japan has accumulated through international students and at the same time “internationalize” our educational system.The “English Engineering Education program” or e3 started in October 2000 with a limited number of fields. As of 2010 it has expanded to cover all fields offered by the School of Engineering. At present close to 100 graduate students from 27 countries enrolled in the program. 114 courses are offered in English, out of which 47 are regular courses, in other words, attended by both Japanese and e3 students. This paper introduces the e3 program and its practices. Its role on international cooperation in engineering education and on engineering education itself is described.

Sustainable Development of Natural Resources in Laos: Evaluating the Role of International Cooperation

Located in one of the most dynamic regions of the world, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic belongs to the group of Least Developed Countries. Laos is landlocked and much of the country is hilly with rugged terrain and only basic infrastructure. The country is characterized by remarkable natural and ethnic diversity. Today the country is changing rapidly. Its larger neighbors wield significant influence. Regional integration is probably the most powerful force of change in Laos and is resulting in rapid economic development in the country. My aim is to explore the challenges of environmentally sustainable development in the face of the rapid change in this country whose economy is still overwhelmingly based on the exploitation of natural resources. An important factor to deal with is environmental governance. Corruption is prevalent, especially with regard to illegal logging. I also discuss the role of external actors, including the UnitedNations, bilateral donors and the neighboring countries. It is argued that close engagement even in cases where the government may not be responsive to its citizens in a democratic manner is preferable to isolation. Constructive engagement helps both the people and sustainable development. It also balances the influence of neighboring countries wishing to exploit the natural resources of the poorer cousin. Most of the findings are based on research conducted in connection with a comprehensive evaluation of the United Nations Development Program’s contributions to the Lao PDR development results over the past several years.

The role of international cooperation in establishing human rights: Brazil, the Portuguese-speaking African Countries and the right to health

The role of international cooperation in establishing human rights: Brazil, the Portuguese-speaking African Countries and the right to health