Role Of Interleukin Research Articles

Serum choline, leptin and interleukin-6 levels in fibromyalgia syndrome-induced pain: a case–control study

BackgroundFibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) predominantly affects middle-aged women, characterized by musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and cognitive issues. Choline, an endogenous molecule, may influence FMS due to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. This study compared choline, leptin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in FMS patients and controls and examining their association with pain severity.MethodsVolunteers with FMS were clinically diagnosed at a Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department. The control group included pain-free volunteers. Pain severity was gauged using a numeric scale, dietary choline intake through a questionnaire. Serum choline, leptin and (interleukin)IL-6 levels were measured from fasting blood samples of volunteers with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).ResultsAll FMS patients (n = 38) and healthy volunteers (n = 38) were female. Pain score in patients with FMS was 7.6 ± 0.2. Dietary choline intake was lower in patients with FMS than the controls (p = 0.036). Serum choline and leptin levels were lower in the FMS group compared to control (p = 0.03). Serum IL-6 levels were higher in the FMS group than in the control (p < 0.001). There was weak positive correlation between IL-6 levels and pain scores and there were no correlation between leptin levels and pain scores in FMS.ConclusionsThis research highlights FMS's complex nature, involving neurochemical, immunological, and nutritional factors. It suggests the significance of choline's anti-inflammatory effect, leptin's metabolic function, and IL-6's role in FMS pathology. The results suggest that reduced dietary choline might influence serum choline, leptin, and IL-6 levels, potentially impacting FMS-related pain. This points to the potential of supplementary choline intake in FMS management.Trial registrationNot applicable (Non-interventional study).

Maternal immune activation alters the GABAergic system in the prefrontal cortex of female rat offspring: Role of interleukin-6.

Maternal immune activation (MIA) induces long-term cognitive impairments by modulating the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system. Experimental evidence suggests that maternal immune challenge with bacterial active ingredient lipopolysaccharide (LPS) reduces GABAergic tone in the offspring's prefrontal cortex. In this study, we aimed to assess whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) contributes to this reduced GABAergic system in the prefrontal cortex of juvenile offspring. Pregnant rats were given intraperitoneal injections of either LPS (100µg/Kg) or a pyrogen-free saline solution in the absence or the presence of an IL-6 neutralizing antibody (IL-6Ab, 10µg/Kg) on gestation day (GD) 15, GD17 and GD19. Parvalbumin and somatostatin GABAergic interneurons and the density of inhibitory synapses were monitored in 30-day-old male and female rat offspring using fluorescent immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of Cl- transporters (NKCC1 and KCC2) were assessed using western blotting. Prenatal LPS induced a significant reduction in the cell density of parvalbumin-containing interneurons in the prefrontal cortex of female but not male rat offspring. LPS-induced MIA led to a reduction in the expression levels of NKCC1 in the prefrontal cortices of both male and female offspring. These long-lasting impacts of the MIA were alleviated when the IL-6Ab was co-administered with LPS during pregnancy. This study shows that the GABAergic system in the prefrontal cortex of female rats is highly sensitive to prenatal immune challenges. These data pave the way for exploring the specific mechanism(s) underlying the sex-dependent effects of early-life immune challenges.

Investigating interleukin-8 in Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review.

Several studies indicate that the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has strong interactions with immune mechanisms within the brain, indicating a close association between inflammation in the central nervous system and the progression of neurodegeneration. Despite considerable progress in understanding the inflammatory aspects of AD, several of them remain unresolved. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and microglia are pivotal components in the inflammatory cascade. Among these, the role of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in neurodegeneration seems complex and multifaceted, involving inflammation, neurotoxicity, blood-brain barrier disruption, and oxidative stress, and is still poorly characterized. We conducted a review to describe the evidence of IL-8 involvement in AD. IL-8 is a cytokine known for its proinflammatory properties and typically produced by macrophages, predominantly functions as a chemotactic signal for attracting neutrophils to inflamed sites in the bloodstream. Interestingly, IL-8 is also present in the brain, where it is primarily released by microglia in response to inflammatory signals. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the structure, function, and regulatory mechanisms of IL-8 relevant to AD pathology.

The Role of Interleukin-8 in the Estimation of Responsiveness to Steps 1 and 2 of Periodontal Therapy.

To investigate the association between interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and total oral fluid (TOF) and the responsiveness to steps 1 and 2 of periodontal therapy. One-hundred and fifty-nine patients affected by periodontitis received steps 1 and 2 of periodontal therapy. At baseline, TOF and GCF samples were collected and analysed for IL-8 (Il-8TOF/IL-8GCF) using flow cytometry. Therapy outcomes were relative proportions of residual periodontal pockets (PPD%), pocket closure (PC) rates and pocket probing depth (PPD) reductions; these were associated with IL-8TOF/IL-8GCF. High IL-8TOF was significantly associated with higher residual PPD% (p = 0.044) and lower PPD reduction compared to low IL-8TOF (high 0.79 ± 1.20 mm vs. low 1.20 ± 1.20 mm, p < 0.001) in non-smokers, while in smokers high IL-8GCF was related to lower PPD reduction (high 0.62 ± 1.22 mm vs. low 0.84 ± 1.12 mm, p = 0.009). Furthermore, high baseline IL-8TOF was significantly associated with poorer PC rates compared to medium and low concentrations in both non-smokers (high 41% vs. medium 55% vs. low 58%, p < 0.001) and smokers (high 34% vs. medium 44% vs. low 46%, p < 0.001). High IL-8 concentrations at baseline had a significant impact on residual PPD%, PC rates and PPD reduction. The findings suggest that, especially in non-smokers, baseline IL-8 levels collected from the TOF could serve as a component in the estimation of responsiveness to steps 1 and 2 of periodontal therapy.

Mx1-ing it up—Mitochondrial relay for interferon-dependent, unconventional IL-1β release in SLE monocytes

The role of type I interferon (IFN-I) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is well documented, but the role of interleukin (IL)-1β remains elusive. In this issue of Immunity, Caielli etal. identified an SLE monocyte population coproducing IL-1β and IFN-I and described how mitochondrial nucleic-acid-containing RBCs engage cGAS/STING, RIG-I, MDA5, and NLRP3 for unconventional IL-1β release.

005. The Role of Interleukin-8 in Assisting the Diagnosis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) Bell’s Stage I and II in Premature Infants: Literature Review

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in infants, commonly associated with extremely low birth weight (ELBW), low birth weight (LBW), and prematurity. The clinical symptoms are nonspecific and various. This poses a challenge in the early diagnosis. The incidence worldwide ranges from 0.3 to 2.4 per 1,000 live births, with mortality rates reaching 50%. This study aims to assess the role of biomarker IL-8 in diagnosing NEC Bell's stage I and II. Methods: This study is a literature review, conducted electronically in databases including Cochrane Library, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and EBSCO using the keywords: ("Interleukin-8" OR "IL-8") AND ("Necrotizing enterocolitis" OR "NEC" OR “Early NEC” OR “Stage I-II NEC”). Inclusion criteria are study in human, English fulltext within 5 years. Exclusion criteria is comparing NEC any stage with control patients, Results: Based on a review of 23 literatures, there were 6 studies met the inclusion criteria for analysis. IL-8 shows varying sensitivity and specificity as a serum biomarker for diagnosing NEC. Statistical evaluations in previous studies emphasized that significantly elevated levels of biomarker IL-8 were predominantly found in the serum of premature infants with NEC, indicating it could be a potential biomarker for diagnosis with NEC Bell's stage I and II. Conclusion: The measurement of biomarker IL-8 in blood has not yet been established as a reliable diagnostic modality for NEC Bell's stage I and II, indicating the need for further investigation.

7759 Undetectable PTHrP and Elevated Il-6 in a 517759 Year Old Male With Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma, Complicated by Paraneoplastic Hypercalcemia

Abstract Disclosure: E. Cedeno: None. T. Patel: None. C. Zacharia: None. Title Undetectable PTHrP and elevated IL-6 in a 51-year-old male with clear cell renal carcinoma, complicated by paraneoplastic hypercalcemia. Introduction: Malignant hypercalcemia as a paraneoplastic syndrome is very common in lung and kidney cancers. Traditionally, humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) is linked to excess PTHrP production, but other possible contributors, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), have been identified. We present a case of HHM with undetectable PTHrP and elevated levels of IL-6. Case A 51-year-old male with RCC presented with symptomatic hypercalcemia (polyuria and polydipsia), found during a pre-op visit. Initial tests were consistent with non parathyroid-mediated hypercalcemia: adjusted Ca 13.2 (9.1-11.2 mg/dL), iCal 1.69 (0.95-1.32 mmol/L), iPTH &amp;lt;4.0 (8.0-85.0 pg/mL), 25-OH-Vit D 41(30-80 ng/mL), 1,25-OH D 64.7 (24.8- 81.5pg/mL), PTHrP undetectable (&amp;lt;2.0 pmol/L), SPEP and UPEP without abnormalities. A CT showed a large 15x12x14 cm partially necrotic mass arising from the right kidney, consistent with malignancy. The patient was treated with isotonic IV fluids and underwent a right nephrectomy on day 6 of hospitalization with subsequent complete resolution of hypercalcemia 24 hours post-surgery. Adjusted Ca and iCal normalized. iPTH from initial 4 improved to 30.1 (8.0-85.0 pg/mL), and IL-6 was found to be high to 62.5 (0.0-13.0 pg/mL). Final pathology was consistent with clear cell RCC. The patient was discharged, with normal laboratory values on follow-up. Conclusion: Hypercalcemia is the most common paraneoplastic complication of RCC, and approximately 17% of all patients with RCC will develop hypercalcemia. Although usually mediated by PTHrP, evidence points towards other possible contributors. IL-6 has been hypothesized to be a possible mediator of malignant hypercalcemia in paraneoplastic syndromes¹. This is evidenced by our case, where our patient had undetectable levels of PTHrP in the setting of RCC, and was later found to have elevated IL-6, pointing to the latter as a possible culprit. In conclusion, our case supports IL-6 as a possible contributor to the pathogenesis of malignant hypercalcemia in RCC patients, literature is sparse on PTHrP-independent HHM and rare case reports demonstrated this phenomenon not just in RCC but also in other malignancies like ALL. There are some hypotheses implicating IL-6 influencing tumor growth as well as bone metastasis. Our case adds a valuable contribution to this limited database. Further studies are warranted to understand the role of IL-6 in HHM as well as anti-IL6 agents as a potential therapeutic option for treatment-resistant hypercalcemia. Reference: Max G. Weissglas, The Role of Interleukin-6 in the Induction of Hypercalcemia in RCC Transplanted into Nude Mice, Endocrinology, Volume 138, Issue 5, May 1997, Pages 1879-1885. Presentation: 6/2/2024

Role of Interleukin 6 and C-Reactive Protein Levels in Predicting the Need for Mechanical Ventilation in COVID 19 Patients

Abstract Background COVID-19 is caused by coronavirus; first discovered in China 2019, COVID-19 infection shows symptoms ranging from influenza like symptoms; fever, sore throat, headache, cough and dyspnea to marked respiratory distress manifestations like dyspnea, hypoxia, tachypnea and disturbed conscious level lastly to death Objective As severe symptoms are related to increased inflammatory markers. So the aim is to assess the correlation between levels of IL6, CRP and other inflammatory markers as predictors and the need for mechanical ventilation. Methods A retrospective analytical cohort study was performed on twenty-five patients admitted to critical care department with COVID-19 positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) over last 3 years. Patients’ data collected from the critical care department port- Fouad hospital and Ain Shams University Hospital. Labs and vital signs were collected at day 0 and day 3 of admission and patients were divided into two groups. Results The higher the levels of IL6 and CRP the more severe are the symptoms. The study showed higher IL6 levels in group II with (mean 238±169.79) as compared to group I (mean 49.18 ± 56.18) with significant p value 0.001. CRP in mechanically ventilated patients (group II) showed higher values (mean 176.54±51.69) than other patients who didn’t need mechanical ventilation (mean 69.42±23.56). with significant p value &amp;lt; 0.001. Variables found to be statistically significant related to outcome. The values correlate well with the need to mechanical ventilation, as the higher the CRP and IL-6 value the increased need to mechanical ventilation. It also correlates with longer length of stay in intensive care unit and increasing mortality of high-risk group. Conclusion Through studying the levels of IL-6 and CRP in patients admitted to ICU due to COVID-19 infection; who were classified to 2 groups the first needed mechanical ventilation and the other group did not, it was noticed that higher levels of IL-6 and CRP are strong predictors for the need of mechanical ventilation with cut off value 120 for CRP and 151 for IL-6. They also were a strong predictor for mortality and increased ICU -LOS, as the higher levels of circulating inflammatory markers and cytokine (cytokine storm) was associated with a higher risk of mortality and increase LOS in ICU.

Role of interleukin 6 polymorphism and inflammatory markers in outcome of pediatric Covid- 19 patients

BackgroundIL-6 polymorphisms were associated to viral infection outcomes through affection of IL-6 production and it is an early indicator of tissue injury and systemic inflammatory response. The study aimed to determine whether genetic IL-6 polymorphisms, serum interleukin-6 level and inflammatory markers (Presepsin, CXCL-10, C3, and C4) are associated with the prediction of disease severity in pediatric COVID-19 patients and its possible use as a prognostic tool in pediatric patients admitted to hospital.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted on 150 children with COVID-19. Patients were divided according to the severity of infection into four groups: group I (mild) 67 cases; group II (moderate) 53 cases, group III (severe) 17 cases and group IV (critical) 14 cases. Serum Interleukin 6, CXCL-10, Presepsin, renal and liver functions, electrolytes, C3, C4, ferritin, and D dimer serum levels were assessed in all patients. The Kruskal Wallis test used to compare parametric quantitative data between studied groups and Mann Whitney test for each pair of groups. Non-parametric quantitative data was compared between studied groups using a one-way ANOVA test and post-hoc Bonferroni analysis for each pair of groups.ResultsGroup I: 35 males and 32 females with a median age of 16 months. Group II: 17 males and 35 females with a median age of 13 months. Group III: 6 males and 11 females with a median age of 12 months and group IV: 3 males and 11 females with a median age of 12 months. There was no statistical difference between the studied groups regarding gender and age. Serum levels of IL- 6, serum ferritin; D-dimer, Presepsin and CXCL 10 were significantly higher in both severe and critical groups than the other 2 groups (mild and moderate). ROC curve analysis showed that interleukin-6 and Presepsin were good markers for prediction of severity of COVID-19 among the diseased children. For severe cases, the sensitivity of interleukin-6 was 76.47% and specificity was 92.31%. For critical cases, the sensitivity of interleukin-6 was 71.43% and specificity was 82.35%. The sensitivity of Presepsin was 76.47% and specificity was 88.46% in severe cases. For critical cases, the sensitivity of Presepsin was 78.57% and specificity of 91.2%. There was significant difference in IL-6 572 allelic among moderate cases with the most frequent 42.3% for genotype (GC) and allelic among severe cases with the most frequent 47.1% for genotype (GC). Significant difference in IL-6 174 allelic among critical cases with the most frequent 78.6% for genotype (CC).ConclusionsChildren whom expressed GC genotypes of IL6 (-572G > C) polymorphism are at a considerably higher risk of developing a severe disease. This risk is significantly larger in the severe group of children than in children in critical condition who have GC genotypes of IL6 (-174 G > C) polymorphism. While IL6 (-597G > A) polymorphism has no role in COVID 19 severity in children.

Role of Interleukins in Pancreatic Cancer: A Literature Review.

This review article summarizes the pathophysiological aspects of interleukins (ILs) including IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, and IL-10 in pancreatic cancer (PC). Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar were used for the literature review. The search was conducted until August 12, 2024, and particular keywords such as "Pancreatic Cancer," "Interleukins," "Pathophysiological Aspects," "Immunosuppression," "Invasiveness," and "Metastasis" were used. Focusing on interleukins related to pancreatic cancer, 61 original studies were included: 32 studies for human patients, 16 studies for animal models, and 13 studies for both animal models and human patients. All types of PC were considered. The timeframe of 1991 to 2024 was chosen for clinical studies. In epithelial pancreatic tumors, IL-1 is a major inflammation factor. Serum concentrations of soluble interleukin-2-receptor were considerably greater in patients with PC and chronic pancreatitis than in healthy individuals. In comparison to controls, pancreatic cancer patients had considerably greater levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and significantly lower levels of stem cell factor and IL-3. The tissues and cells of pancreatic cancer have higher concentrations of IL-4 receptors. IL-5 has a role in the accumulation of pancreatic fibrosis. For individuals with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a high serum level of IL-6 may be a separate risk factor for the development of widespread liver metastases. PDAC patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibit a substantial upregulation of IL-7 receptor. The role of IL-8 in the growth and spread of PC in humans. The miR-200a/β-catenin axis may be the mechanism by which IL-9 stimulates the proliferation and metastasis of PC cells. Blocking IL-10 in the local microenvironment appears to result in a significant reversal of tumor-induced immunosuppression. The article concludes that interleukins 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 played significant roles in the pathogenesis of PC.

Role of interleukins in dermatology: Exploring the immune mechanisms in skin diseases

AbstractInterleukins are central in the modulation of immune responses. This narrative review aims to summarize the growing evidence on their significance as key drivers of numerous cutaneous diseases with a special focus in some of the more prevalent chronic inflammatory dermatologic diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, urticaria, and hidradenitis suppurativa. Additionally, we discuss their relevance in the recent developments in targeted therapies that have significantly transformed the management of these skin conditions. To this end, we have conducted a comprehensive search through the Cochrane Library and Database of Systematic Reviews and the MEDLINE search engine, and we have summarized the available clinical evidence considering up to 466 records including meta‐analyses, systematic reviews, reviews and clinical trials. Ultimately, this review intents to foster both dermatologist and non‐dermatologist physicians' understanding of the immunology behind the clinical manifestations of some of the most common inflammatory skin diseases and engage with the novel therapeutic approaches by providing accessible insights into the implications of interleukin pathways dysregulation.

Role of Interleukin 6 in Acute Pancreatitis: A Possible Marker for Disease Prognosis.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a significant cause of morbidity, even in children, and is frequently associated with systemic manifestations. There are many cytokines involved in the inflammatory response characteristic of this disease. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is one of the most important cytokines involved in AP, beginning from cellular injury and continuing to the systemic inflammatory response and distant organ involvement. IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates acute-phase response and inflammation. It is produced by various cells and exerts its biological role on many cells through its high-affinity complex receptor. IL-6 has been investigated as a predicting maker for severe forms of AP. Many studies have validated the use of IL-6 serum levels in the first 48 h as a reliable marker for severe evolution and multisystemic involvement. Still, it has not been used in daily practice until now. This review discusses the main binding mechanisms by which IL-6 triggers cellular response and the AP pathogenetic mechanisms in which IL-6 is involved. We then emphasize the promising role of IL-6 as a prognostic marker, which could be added as a routine marker at admission in children with AP.

Role of Interleukin‌7 Gene Polymorphism in Childhood Bronchial Asthma, and its Relation to Asthma Severity

Role of Interleukin‌7 Gene Polymorphism in Childhood Bronchial Asthma, and its Relation to Asthma Severity

Role of Interleukin-6 as a Predictor in Assessing Severity of COVID-19 Patients: A Hospital Based Cross-Sectional Study

Role of Interleukin-6 as a Predictor in Assessing Severity of COVID-19 Patients: A Hospital Based Cross-Sectional Study

The role of interleukin-6 in anemia associated with hidradenitis suppurativa

The role of interleukin-6 in anemia associated with hidradenitis suppurativa

The role of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in breast cancer development and progression

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed cancer among women worldwide and the second-most cause of women's deaths. The interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are critical for BC pathogenesis. They participate in BC development and progression by regulating several pathways. The findings of this review paper can potentially guide the development of targeted therapies that can improve the prognosis and treatment outcomes for BC patients. Objective: To make a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the original papers on the role of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in BC development and progression. Method: This literature review is an iterative and objective analysis of the English original papers published in the last five years, which linked IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and BC. Result: IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α significantly affect angiogenesis, proliferation, apoptosis, survival, and metastatic in BC by regulating the PI3K-PKB/Akt, JNK, IL-6/JAK/STAT3, Ras/Raf, AKT, MAPK, and NF-κB pathways. They also modulate the TME by promoting the production of extracellular matrix components and stimulating the recruitment of immune cells. Conclusion: Inhibiting IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α and their downstream signalling intermediates could be promising strategies for suppressing BC development and progression. Further in-depth research is necessary to develop novel targeted therapies and improve patient outcomes.

The Role of Interleukin-6 in Regulating Glomerular Filtration Rate during Angiotensin II and High Salt Conditions

Previous results demonstrate that interleukin-6 (IL-6) increases mean arterial pressure (MAP) during Angiotensin II (Ang II)-salt hypertension. In addition, albumin excretion was lower in IL-6 knockout mice (KO) when compared to wild-type (WT). This study investigated the role of IL-6 on regulating glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF) and MAP in WT and IL-6 KO mice treated with a slow pressor dose of Ang II (200 ng/kg/min) +/- 6% high-salt (HS) diet. Male C57BL6 and IL-6 KO mice (12 weeks old) were treated with Ang II +/- 6% HS diet for 12 – 14 days. Mean arterial pressure, RPF and GFR were measured in anesthetized mice. MAP was 130 ± 7 mmHg and 91 ± 4 mmHg in control WT and IL-6 KO mice, respectively. Ang II treatment increased MAP in WT (153 ± 5 mmHg) and no change in IL-6 KO (83 ± 4 mmHg) mice. Ang II + 6% HS increased MAP to 150 ± 11 mmHg in WT and 93 ± 4 mmHg in IL-6 KO mice. Baseline RPF was 1822 ± 229 and 1912 ± 402 ml/min/g in control WT and IL-6 KO mice, respectively. Ang II treatment increased RPF in WT (3156 ± 753 ml/min/g), while lowering RPF in IL-6 KO (1648 ± 422 ml/min/g) mice. RPF during Ang II + 6% HS treatment was decreased in WT (1095 ± 305 ml/min/g) and IL-6 KO (1133 ml/min/g) mice. GFR was 756 ± ml/min/g and 788 ± ml/min/g in control WT and IL-6 KO mice, respectively. Ang II increased GFR in WT (1009 ± 63 ml/min/g) and no change in IL-6 KO (756 ± 23 ml/min/g). Ang II + 6% HS increased GFR in WT (1095 ± 146 ml/min/g) and no change in GFR of IL-6 KO (540 ± 207 ml/min/g) mice. Our results suggest that IL-6 reduces MAP during baseline, Ang II, and Ang II + 6% HS. The absence of IL-6 prevented increases in MAP, RPF and GFR during Ang II treatment. Our data also suggest that IL-6 contributes to increased MAP and GFR during Ang II + 6% HS treatment. K01HL092593-05. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

The Clinical Significance of Serum Interleukin-36α Levels in Patients with Gout

ABSTRACT Background Gout is a chronic inflammatory diseases caused by monosodium urate crystal deposition. However, the role of interleukin (IL)-36 in gout has not dbeen elucidated. Methods We enrolled 75 subjects, including 20 healthy controls (HC), 30 patients with acute gout attack and 25 patients in remission. Baseline data were obtained through clinical interrogation and laboratory data were obtained through tests of blood samples. Serum levels of IL-36α were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation of IL-36α with other parameters. The diagnostic value of IL-36α was demonstrated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Results The serum IL-36α level of gout patients in acute attack and remission stage was significantly higher than that of HC. Serum IL-36α was positively correlated with alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). Serum amyloid A (SAA) levels positively correlated with C-reactive protein levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rates. Glutamyl transpeptidase levels positively correlated with AST and ALT levels. Conclusion In conclusion, serum IL-36α levels were elevated in patients with gout and correlated with the clinical markers of inflammation. Our findings suggest that IL-36α may be a novel inflammatory indicator for gout.

The Role of Pretreatment Serum Interleukin 6 in Predicting Short-Term Mortality in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is notorious for its aggressive progression and dismal survival rates, with this study highlighting elevated interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in patients as a key marker of increased disease severity and a potential prognostic indicator. Analyzing pre-treatment serum from 77 advanced PDAC patients via ELISA, the research determined optimal cutoff values for IL-6 and the IL-6:sIL-6Rα ratio using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, which then facilitated the division of patients into low and high IL-6 groups, showing significantly different survival outcomes. Notably, high IL-6 levels correlated with adverse features such as poorly differentiated histology, higher tumor burden, and low albumin levels, indicating a stronger likelihood of poorer prognosis. With a median follow-up of 9.28 months, patients with lower IL-6 levels experienced markedly better median overall survival and progression-free survival than those with higher levels, underscoring IL-6's role in predicting disease prognosis. Multivariate analysis further confirmed IL-6 levels, alongside older age, and elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, as predictors of worse outcomes, suggesting that IL-6 could be a critical biomarker for tailoring treatment strategies in advanced PDAC, warranting further investigation into its role in systemic inflammation and the tumor microenvironment.

Role of Interleukin-1 in Patients with Pott's's Spine

Role of Interleukin-1 in Patients with Pott's's Spine