Role Of Institutions Research Articles

Co-creation as open innovation and its impact on environmental performance: Comparative insights from university and vocational students

This study addresses the urgent need for innovative solutions to environmental issues by focusing on youth development within educational institutions, which play a crucial role in fostering environmentally conscious behaviors. Despite increasing awareness, there is a gap in understanding how educational settings can effectively promote sustainability through collaborative approaches, such as co-creation as an open innovation model and user engagement strategies. This research investigates the mediating role of co-creation between environmental knowledge and environmental performance, comparing university and vocational students. Data were collected from 678 respondents in Thailand and analyzed using structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis. The findings reveal that environmental knowledge positively influences environmental performance and co-creation activities for both groups, with a more significant mediating effect of co-creation among vocational students. This suggests that vocational students respond more effectively to practical, collaborative approaches to digital innovation in the environmental context. The study also highlights the relevance of the Information Deficit Model, which posits that individuals often do not engage in sustainable behaviors due to insufficient knowledge or information. These results demonstrate the critical role of educational institutions in enhancing sustainability practices by leveraging co-creation and environmental knowledge. The insights from this study are valuable for educators and policymakers seeking to develop user engagement strategies tailored to different student groups, ultimately improving environmental performance and fostering innovation in sustainability practices.

On Institutions and Economic Policy: A Response to Michael Jacobs

AbstractIn his article ‘After neoliberalism: economic theory and policy in the polycrisis’ in this journal, Michael Jacobs sets out the importance of institutional context to politics and policy making. This article concurs with this emphasis and explores the importance of specific existing institutions such as the Low Pay Commission and Office for Budget Responsibility in our system of economic governance. It considers the case for institutional ‘deepening’ and reform as well as some potential misconceptions about the role of organisations like these in contemporary politics. Looking to the years ahead, it argues that the terrain on which politics is likely to be contested will involve a larger role for the state and continued debate about the appropriate role of institutions.

Modern farming techniques in enhancing rice production: Insights from the anchor borrowers’ programme in Ebonyi state, Nigeria

This work centres on the contribution of the Nigerian government’s Anchor Borrowers’ Programmes on rice production in the country. This study employs quantitative methodology and with a primary objective to dissect the efficacy of modern farming techniques facilitated by the Anchor Borrowers’ Programmes (ABP), evaluates the advantages and disadvantages inherent in rice production under this programme. Conducted within the agricultural landscape of Ebonyi State, Nigeria, this study adopts a cross-sectional survey approach to gauge the symbiotic relationship between rice production and the ABP. Targeting a cohort of rice smallholder farmers who have directly benefited from the program, the work employs stratified random sampling and purposeful selection techniques to guarantee comprehensive representation within a population of 400 respondents. This study utilizes the mixed-methods approach to data collection, including structured questionnaires administered to rice farmers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. This research tests hypotheses by utilising statistical tools such as regression analysis. The outcome of this study underscores the imperative for continued support and refinement of the Anchor Borrowers’ Programme. Moreover, it elucidates the pivotal role of financial institutions and agricultural lending agencies in equipping farmers with the requisite skills and resources. Ultimately, this study affirms the crucial role of modern farming methodologies in propelling rice production within Ebonyi State, Nigeria. It recommends that young school leavers, especially those in the rural areas should also be encouraged to venture into agriculture through schemes such as the ABP, bank financing and innovative financing so as to help the Federal Government achieve its economic diversification drive.

Collateral damage. Personal lenders and the creation of national mortgage markets in North America, 1890s-1960s

Between the 1880s and 1950s, national mortgage markets were created in the United States and Canada. The formative role of institutions and federal governments are well understood. Personal (individual or ‘private’) lenders have been omitted from the narrative although, in the late 1940s, they still provided a quarter of residential mortgages in the United States and two fifths in Canada. Rarely targeted, they were collateral damage, especially, of state initiatives. The distinctive nature of mortgages, secured on real estate, made the creation of national markets difficult. The character of personal loans – local, non-standard, non-amortized, and often informal -- made their assimilation into any supra-local market especially challenging. Their significance declined in waves: the 1900s, 1920s, and then, under government influence, after 1945. They persist in the reduced gaps left by institutions. We should pay them more attention.

The Transformation of International Relations in East Asia at the End of the XX – Early XXI Centuries

The author examines the role of various institutions and countries in the transformation of the world order in East Asia during the period of the late XX – early XXI centuries. The work notes that at the end of the XX century, the American model of the regionalization process, carried out within the framework of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), dominated. However, due to the changes in the US foreign policy doctrine and the Asian economic crisis of 1997–1998, APEC, in the early 2000s, began to give way to ASEAN+, where Japan occupied the leading position. Since the mid-2000s, China has been strengthening due to successfully carried out economic reforms and the use of various integration platforms. As a result, China began to promote its own model of globalization and regionalization in the region, which challenged the American order not only in East Asia, but also in the Asia-Pacific region. In the late 2000s, Washington sought to regain lost positions in the region by promoting the Trans-Pacific Partnership integration project, which intensified the struggle between the leading powers for dominance in the region. As a result, in the 2010s. ASEAN+ and Japan are developing the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) project, China is beginning to promote the Belt and Road international cooperation organization. As a result of the transformation of international relations caused by the movement of the world from unipolar to multipolar, there is a change in the transformation of the geopolitical situation in East Asia. The United States returned to the «traditional» methods of confrontation, increasing tension in the region and the world

The mediating effect of individual capital in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and social entrepreneurship intentions

PurposeThis study examines the impact of entrepreneurship education on the social entrepreneurship intentions of undergraduate students with a focus on the mediating effects of individual capital, such as human, social and cultural capital.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a quantitative approach with data collected from 392 third- and fourth-year students studying at a private university in Vietnam through a self-administered survey. The data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling.FindingsThe results show that entrepreneurship education positively impacts the social entrepreneurship intentions of undergraduate students. Furthermore, this study reveals that social and cultural capital serve as mediators in this relationship, whereas the mediating role of human capital was not supported.Practical implicationsThe study findings highlight the crucial role of higher education institutions in promoting and implementing formal entrepreneurship education. It also emphasises the importance of supporting enhancement of students' individual capital through social and cultural activities to foster their intentions to engage in social entrepreneurship.Originality/valueThis study adds to the current literature on social entrepreneurship intentions by highlighting the significance of entrepreneurship education provided by universities and the roles of individual capital, such as social and cultural capital, in mediating the impact of entrepreneurship education on social entrepreneurship intentions.

Harmonization of The Role of Religious and State Justice Institutions in Handling Victims of Domestic Violence

Harmonization of The Role of Religious and State Justice Institutions in Handling Victims of Domestic Violence

THE FORMAL PRODUCTION OF INFORMAL HOUSING FOR THE RICH: Informality Pathways in the Eastern Hills of Bogotá

AbstractHousing informality in wealthy contexts is an overlooked phenomenon, particularly in the global South. This article addresses the role of public institutions in the production of housing informality among the wealthy. For this purpose, it analyses the operation of public institutions in relation to the proliferation of luxurious villas in the eastern hills of Bogotá. Three villas were selected as archetypes of informal urbanization among the elite in the eastern hills, and their stories—or informality pathways—were reconstructed through interviews, maps and policy documents. The article aims to unveil how public institutions have contributed to the creation of informal spaces, often in collusion with private entities. Specifically, public institutions demonstrated conflicting internal agencies and multi‐level fragmentation, resulting in flexible regulations tailored to fit the construction practices of the elite. These characteristics were instrumental in establishing spaces of exception for the wealthy in the eastern hills of Bogotá and will likely be mirrored in other informal settlements in the global South.

The university within, of and for the city: reflections on the entanglement of academic practice and the local

ABSTRACT Historically, universities have become defining elements in many (European) cities. Cities such as Oxford or Berkeley are publicly known because they are home to globally renowned academic institutions, which are considered ‘brands’ of the city. In this reflexive essay, I approach the university-city entanglement beyond the apparent role of academic institutions as economic and marketing factors for cities. Particularly, I reflect on the normative and scientific-practical implications of doing research ‘within’ a certain local. How may this positionality affect research practice, when academic work is conceived as property of the local? How can researchers reflexively engage with the local and maybe even contribute to solving local and global challenges? Rather than providing conclusive answers to these questions, this piece aims to stir up a debate among local government and governance scholars. I conclude that the ‘local’ of academic practice deserves far more attention as a category of reflexive research.

IDENTIFIKASI KELEMBAGAAN PERTANIAN DAN PERANANNYA PADA SUBSISTEM PRODUKSI TANAMAN PADI SAWAH DI DESA BUKIT PARIAMAN KECAMATAN TENGGARONG SEBERANG

Agricultural Institutions are a driving factor in achieving agricultural resource management that encourages the achievement of farmer welfare. The existence of important physical and management aspects is studied, especially in rice producing centers, in relation to their contribution to the food supply. The objective of this research to identify existing agricultural institutions in Bukit Pariaman Village, to identify the role of farming institutions in the rice farming production subsystem, and analyze farmers' access to existing agricultural institutions in Bukit Pariaman Village. The research was conducted in Bukit Pariaman Village, Tenggarong Seberang District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency in May-July 2024. The sampling method was purposive sampling. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and perception analysis of access to agricultural institutions. The research results showed that agricultural institutions in Bukit Pariaman Village are adequate and well accessible. The role in the production subsystem was demonstrated by the achievement of an annual rice production surplus of 88.81%.

National needs assessment of emergency medicine faculty regarding scholarly activity practices and support.

We aimed to assess the attitudes and perceptions of scholarly activity (SA) practices among emergency medicine (EM) physicians who are engaged in training residents. This study examined the belief and need for modern-day SA, potential barriers, and department resources provided. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional survey study of EM physicians across the United States identified from the American College of Emergency Physicians and American College of Osteopathic Physicians directories. The survey consisted of 18 items regarding demographics, attitude toward SA, department support, and questions regarding residency programs. A total of 660 survey recipients completed the survey out of a possible pool of 4296 individuals (15% response rate), of which 530 (80%) indicated they were core faculty. Of core faculty, 428 (80.8%) were part of an allopathic program, whereas 102 (19.2%) were part of an osteopathic program. Department support was provided for protected time (385; 58.3%), research staff (346; 52.4%), Institutional Review Board preparation (240; 36.4%), and biostatistics (314; 47.6%). Of all the institutional roles, the largest percentage (82/125, 65.6%) of chair/vice chair/associate chairs strongly agreed or agreed (score of 5 or 4 of 5) with the statement, "Overall, I am satisfied with the scholarly support provided by my department." There was no difference in agreement with this statement between respondents in an allopathic versus osteopathic program (210/428, 49.1% allopathic; 45/102, 44.1% osteopathic). There is a need for increased departmental support for SA. To optimally implement the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) SA requirements into strategy and action, the ACGME should consider providing EM residency programs with an outline of best SA practices to foster a uniform consensus across academic institutions.

Discursive AI Infrastructures: Envisioned and Overlooked Museum Futures

ABSTRACTPrompted by recent innovations, artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being discussed across the museum sector regarding its implications for institutional roles and practices. However, AI in particular, is an ambiguous term, a ‘black box’ which is capable of containing and reflecting numerous values and ideals (Crawford, 2021). This paper positions discourse around AI as a ‘discursive’ infrastructure, capable of not only embodying ideals but also shaping and justifying certain institutional practices and roles. This paper thematically analyses 115 pieces of grey literature produced and shared by professional governance bodies in the museum sector from 1995–2023, mainly across Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In doing so, it identifies four preliminary themes encompassing shifts in discourse over time which give shape to a contemporary discursive infrastructure. This prompts timely critical reflections of museum professionals and stakeholders on both imagined and overlooked public roles, responsibilities, and practices of the museum in relation to AI.

Mithila Women in the Past and Present: A Journey of Resilience and Transformation

This paper explores the multifaceted journey of Mithila women, tracing their evolution from historical to contemporary times. Situated in the culturally rich region of Mithila, spanning parts of Northern India and Nepal, these women have been the custodians of a profound heritage characterized by resilience and adaptability. The paper delves into their roles within traditional societal frameworks, where they have long been pivotal in maintaining cultural practices such as the renowned Madhubani art. Through examining historical texts, cultural studies, and contemporary research, this study highlights Mithila women's enduring strength and agency. Despite rigid patriarchal structures and socio-economic challenges, Mithila women have continually carved out spaces for self-expression and empowerment. The paper investigates the transformative impact of education, economic participation, and political involvement on their lives. It emphasises how access to education has not only enhanced their capacities but also contributed to the socio economic development of their communities. The rise of Mithila women in local governance and their increasing role in Panchayati Raj institutions signify a shift towards greater political empowerment and social change. Ultimately, this paper aims to contribute to the broader discourse on gender and development by offering insights into the unique experiences of Mithila women. It underscores their journey of resilience and transformation as a testament to their enduring spirit and as a critical aspect of the region's socio-cultural fabric. The study calls for sustained efforts to address the challenges faced by Mithila women and to support their ongoing journey towards equality and empowerment.

Prevalence of depressive symptoms among urban school adolescents in Vietnam: The role of youth, family, and school relationships

BackgroundAdolescents frequently encounter a spectrum of psychiatric conditions, predominantly depressive and anxiety disorders, along with various behavioral disturbances. ObjectiveThis investigation aims to delineate the prevalence of depressive disorders among adolescents in urban Vietnam and to elucidate the interrelationships between familial and school-related dynamics and adolescent depression. Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2022, involving 507 students aged 15 to 17 from high schools in Hanoi, Vietnam. Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale - Second Edition (RADS-2) was used to assess the presence of depressive symptoms. Social-demographic characteristics, adolescent-family and adolescent-school relationships, and academic environment characteristics of high school students were interviewed. Multivariate Tobit regression models were employed to discern contributory factors across four domains of RADS-2. ResultsAmong the 507 adolescents, the mean scores on the RADS scale were 15.1 ± 4.2 for the dysphoric mood domain, 16.4 ± 4.0 for the anhedonia-negative domain, 13.1 ± 4.4 for the negative self-evaluation domain, and 12.4 ± 3.7 for the somatic complaints domain. The analysis indicated that adolescents with suboptimal parental relationships, absence of confidants, frequent parental conflicts, exposure to parental arguments, substantial exam-related stress, or overwhelming academic demands were more likely to exhibit elevated depressive symptoms. Conversely, adolescents who were satisfied with their friendships at school and received care, support from teachers or friends, and involved in school's extracurricular activities lower exhibited levels of depression. ConclusionsFindings reveal the significant impact of family and peer relationships, as well as academic stress, on the development of depressive symptoms. These significant results inform the design and development of future interventions aimed at mitigating depression risks among high school students, emphasizing the crucial roles of both educational institutions and family dynamics.

TINJAUAN LITERATUR: Pendidikan Entrepreneur Mahasiswa

The purpose of this research is to identify and direct efforts needed to enhance the role of higher education institutions in entrepreneurship education. The method for searching data sources for articles was conducted through the GARUDA database (2019-2023) to retrieve relevant articles published in Bahasa Indonesia. Terms and key phrases related to student entrepreneurs were reviewed through abstracts or texts of research journals before being included in the review according to criteria. Based on the analysis of the literature review, there were 59 relevant journals found. The review results indicate that by implementing relevant curriculum provision steps, business incubators and startup accelerators, entrepreneurship skills training, collaboration with industries, funding support, entrepreneurship mindset development, and coaching and mentoring programs, universities are expected to play a more effective role in preparing students to become successful entrepreneurs. This, in turn, will contribute to economic growth, job creation, and achieving Indonesia's vision as a developed country by 2045.

Enhancing global support to address complex sustainable development policy challenges: Learning from success in cross‐sectoral nutrition policy

AbstractMalnutrition is hampering achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs), and requires policy approaches that address food system drivers. However, this will require the adoption of cross‐sectoral policy measures for nutrition, which has proved challenging in practice. This qualitative co‐designed study drew on theories of policy learning to examine the roles of global organisations in fostering and supporting effective cross‐sectoral policy action to improve nutrition. Forty‐three in‐depth interviews were conducted with government actors at global, regional and national level. Key roles of global institutions to support scaling up of effective cross‐sectoral policy for nutrition included the development of best‐practice guidance, provision of operational and other forms of support, convening to enable political awareness and commitment and coordination to create shared vision. Opportunities to improve global support included improving global coordination, developing incentives to use global guidance and rethinking processes and strategies to support contextual adaptation of global guidance.

A theoretical framework for value co-creation analysis in carbon sink projects

With the maturation of the carbon market, carbon sink projects have become a thriving business model, and the value co-creation of carbon sink has become a hot topic in interdisciplinary research. However, the theoretical foundation for value co-creation of carbon sink is limited, and existing theoretical frameworks do not fully cover resource allocation, power dynamics, and interaction mechanisms among different actors in project operations. Therefore, this study, based on the theory of value co-creation and supplemented by residual rights theory and circuit of capital theory, has established a comprehensive theoretical framework to consistently understand the driving factors, co-creation process, and outcomes of resource transformation in projects. Using the Forest Ecological Bank in Fujian Province, China as a case study, we applied our theoretical framework for analysis. The results show that our theoretical framework can depict the complete process of value co-creation of carbon sink, reveal the roles played by diverse actors, and capture the project's dynamic changes. The research findings can provide guidance for the sustainable development of carbon sink projects in areas such as strengthening cooperation and partnerships, creating incentive mechanisms, and enhancing the role of third-party institutions.

Fueling the bottom line: Decoding the effects of oil on banking performance in net oil-importing economies

Banks play a pivotal role in the financial sector, assuming critical functions such as facilitating the monetary policy transmission mechanism and acting as intermediaries between savers and borrowers. Meanwhile, oil represents a fundamental input for economic activities, and its inherent volatility serves as a significant catalyst for economic instability. Given the critical roles of banking institutions and oil in the economy, their relationship garners attention from various stakeholders. The growing body of literature has examined the nexus between oil and banking performance. However, existing research has predominantly concentrated on either oil-exporting jurisdictions or country-specific analyses. Hence, the present study endeavors to bridge this gap in the literature by investigating the intricate dynamics between oil and banking performance, specifically in net oil-importing countries. The dynamic panel method is employed. The findings indicate that oil has direct and indirect effects on the profitability of banks operating through transmission channels.

Analisis Intesi Muzakki dalam Membayar Zakat Profesi Kota Medan

This study aims to analyze the intentions of muzaki in paying professional zakat in Medan City. The research explores various factors influencing muzaki's intentions, including awareness of professional zakat obligations, understanding of zakat concepts, religious beliefs, as well as the influence of the social environment and the role of zakat institutions in encouraging compliance. Data were collected through a survey of muzaki in Medan City and analyzed using a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression methods. The results indicate that high awareness and understanding of professional zakat, social support, and trust in zakat institutions significantly influence muzaki's intention to pay professional zakat. Furthermore, the study finds that the active role of zakat institutions in education and outreach positively impacts the compliance of muzaki. These findings have important implications for the development of more effective zakat policy strategies and for strengthening the role of zakat institutions in enhancing compliance with professional zakat in society.

Nuancing Maritime Security Governance in The Straits of Malacca: A Comparative Analysis on Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore

Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore are littoral states of the Straits of Malacca (SOM), the world’s busiest waterway connecting the Indian and Pacific oceans, with around 80,000 ships passing through this route annually. While maritime security governance of this waterway is a serious concern especially to those states, their responses to it has differed particularly in regard to three security mechanisms: the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), the Malacca Straits Patrol (MSP), and the Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia (ReCAAP). The states’ approaches can be viewed primarily through the lens of sovereign interests, economic interests, and legal obligations. In addition, the role of institutions appears as an intervening factor influencing their responses. This article first analyses maritime security governance and examines why it has garnered much attention in contemporary international relations. Second, it assesses the importance of the SOM as a strategic location, a critical trading route since ancient times, as well as the value it holds for international shipping. Third, it examines the littoral states’ responses to maritime security governance, focusing on the factors influencing them. The article finds that their responses to external power security initiatives differ compared to the indigenous security mechanism in the SOM. Despite that, the underlying theme among the three states is to uphold their obligations as coastal states as provided under UNCLOS and in cooperating with each other and international users, though several caveats do seem to also apply.