Role In Innovation Activities Research Articles

Innovation in public organizations: the role of human capital

ABSTRACT Public sector innovation (PSI) has (re)emerged as a research topic among academics and practitioners. However, although a vast body of research exists analysing the key role played by human capital in the private sector, only a paucity of research exists with an analogous focus in the public sector. This paper addresses this anomaly by linking human capital to innovation types using data from 29 European countries (n = 2,650 public organizations). The results provide compelling empirical evidence that human capital, and particularly innovation training, plays a vital role in innovative activity in the public sector, just as it does in private-sector firms.

The Role of Innovation Activity in Sustainable Development

In the face of global challenges, sustainable development is becoming a priority for many countries. The article examines the role of innovation in ensuring sustainable development. Particular attention is paid to intellectual property as a key element of innovative growth and economic development of countries. The mechanisms through which patents, trademarks and copyrights promote innovation, stimulating scientific and technological progress and helping to create competitive advantages are analysed. The article examines the relationship between the EU innovation policy and the dynamics of the use of various intellectual property objects. The subject of the study is industrial intellectual property, in particular trademarks and patents for inventions, which serve as a catalyst for the development of innovations in the Eurasian Union. These types of industrial property are chosen because of their use and protection. In this study, the French and German patent systems were the most common. The analysis shows that the intellectual property system in the Netherlands has many advantages. It also shows that other EU countries have succeeded in achieving innovation policy goals by creating a system of exclusive industrial intellectual property rights.

Does Digitization Promote Green Innovation? Evidence from China.

Green innovation is an important strategy in seeking sustainable competitive advantages. This paper investigates the impact of enterprise digitization on green innovation and its mechanisms. We find that enterprise digital transformation has a significant effect on the promotion of green innovation. This positive effect mainly stems from the advantage of resource reallocation generated by enterprise digitalization that can alleviate financing constraints and raise risk-taking levels. Furthermore, the level of economic development strengthens the impact of enterprise digitization on green innovation, and the positive relationship between enterprise digitization and green innovation is stronger in regions with stronger environmental regulation and higher intellectual property protection, as well as in state-owned and heavily polluting enterprises. Digitization can optimize resource utilization, strengthen the capacity of green innovation in pollution reduction and promote the clean production of enterprises. Our results show that enterprise digitization plays a positive role in innovation activities. Furthermore, our results show that enterprise digitization plays a positive role in innovation activities.

Direct Versus Indirect Exports in Post-Communist Europe and Central Asia: The Role of Innovation Activities and Internationalization

ABSTRACT The distinction between direct and indirect exporting has been increasingly stressed in recent advances in the theory and empirics of international trade. In particular, the prior literature suggests a hierarchy of exporting decisions determined by firm productivity. We use firm-level data from a wide group of post-communist countries to investigate which characteristics of firms can explain their choice of export modes. We find that firm internationalization, firm size, and per worker revenue are linked to exporting decisions in a way consistent with Lu’s et al. model, while the relationship with innovation performance is more complex.

How can firms' transition to a low-carbon economy affect the distance to default?

The transition to carbon neutrality by 2050 is a challenge for EU firms. The increasingly stringent regulation and required technological change in the context of environmental demands by firms’ stakeholders and civil society may compromise the viability of high carbon emitters. This study analyzes the impact of environmental performance on default risk as firms advance to low-carbon production (LCP), considering the moderating effect of stranded assets and innovation. For a sample of listed firms from 16 European countries from 2005 to 2019, our results indicate a greater distance to default for better carbon performers that are more advanced in their transition to LCP. Furthermore, default risk is lower when tangibility decreases and a firm has an active role in innovation activities, these effects being amplified for good carbon performers. Our results are robust to the use of alternative proxies for default risk, stranded assets, and innovation.

Capital structure in family firms: the role of innovation activity and institutional investors

PurposeThere is still an ongoing debate on the value relevance of capital structure and its determinants. Recently the issue has been explored in family firms after being explored in mature firms. This paper investigates the role of institutional investors and the firm's innovation activity in influencing the firm's decision and ability to acquire debt capital.Design/methodology/approachA large sample of 700 privately-held family firms in Italy from 2010 to 2019. Two analysis techniques are used: panel analysis and path analysis. The value of debt and the debt ratio are used as leverage measures. The value of patent (as a proxy for innovation) and institutional investor are the explanatory variables.FindingsThe results show that institutional investors have no relationship with financial leverage measures except when controlling for an interaction variable (Institutional investors × Lombardy region). The patent value is positively correlated with debt; however, the ratio patent-to-asset is negatively related to financial leverage indicating higher risk exposure. The nonlinearity test demonstrates a turning point when the relationship between patent value and debt inverts.Practical implicationsFirms should monitor their innovation activity since excessive innovation increases risk exposure and affects financing opportunities and value. The involvement of institutional investors does not always enhance value.Originality/valueExisting literature focuses separately on family firm innovations and financial leverage as outcome variables, emphasizing the role of institutional investors in both fields by adopting agency theory and socioemotional wealth framework. In this study, the authors go further by merging both relationships, investigating the dynamics of the institutional-family firm innovation relationship in influencing the firm's capital structure. The authors contribute to the ongoing debate by providing original findings on capital structure, governance and innovation, supported by rigorous methods to enhance family firms' decision-making.

Key factors influencing the management of innovation activity of industrial enterprises

Within the framework of analysis of innovative processes of an enterprise, the role of innovative activity as an indicator of effective management becomes obvious. The authors listed the main economic principles that affect innovation activity in general, briefly described them, then analyzed the dependence of innovation activity on various factors and proposed several ways to classify them. The possibility of changing the internal content and the transition of factors from one category to another was noted, and typical examples were given. In more detail, the key factors that have a major impact on the management of innovation activities, in particular the fourth industrial revolution, were considered. The authors showed the historical heritability of industrial revolutions from the first to the fourth (the introduction of the steam engine (the essence of the beginning of labor automation) develops into conveyor production, which with the next stage is transferred to the monitoring and full control of information systems with elements of artificial intelligence), demonstrated the development of features characteristic of sequential mechanization and automation. Based on the available results of the digital revolution and the existing promising developments, the authors conducted a SWOT analysis of the likely factors of innovation activity arising from the onset of Industry 4.0. In order to maintain high innovation activity, they justified the need to develop an action plan in case of the most likely threats.

The importance of innovations in improving the structural compound of the economy

The role of innovation activity provides high level of competitiveness in stable development of economic system is showed and the conditions of economic reforms are analyzed present time in this article. In particular, conducting the results of scientific research and innovative activity and using them effectively in innovative economic system provides the increasing of intensiveness of economic development of the country. From this point of view, innovation is very important in the existence of an innovative economy in the country, which is one of the main factors calling and achieving economic interests of mankind, is of great importance.

Country governance, corruption, and the likelihood of firms’ innovation

Using a sample of firms from the World Bank Enterprise Survey for the period 2006–2016 in emerging and developing countries, we find that corruption has a negative impact on the likelihood of innovations, thus supporting the “sanding-the-wheels” hypothesis. Our empirical results also show that corruption at the firm level, in the manufacturing industry, and in regions with the worst governance or that are more corrupt has a significant negative effect on innovation. In addition, country governance plays a particularly important role in innovative activity for corrupt firms. The policy implication is that the government or authority should strengthen the positive role of government effectiveness, rule of law, regulatory quality, and control of corruption in order to improve firms’ innovation within an environment of corruption.

The role of innovative activity in the Socio-Economic development of society

The role of innovative activity in the Socio-Economic development of society

Determinants of Trade: the Role of Innovation in Presence of Quality Standards

This paper analyses the role that quality standards and innovation play on trade volume, by using a gravity model. The role of innovative activity and quality standards in enhancing trade performance is widely accepted in the literature. However, in this paper, we argue that the net effect of quality standards on trade depends on the producers’ ability to innovate and comply with these requirements. In particular, by using a sample of 60 exporting countries and 57 importing countries, for a wide range of 26 manufacturing industries over the period 1995-2000, we show that the most innovative sectors are more likely to enhance the overall quality of exports, and then gain a competitive advantage. We also find that this effect depends on the level of technology intensity at sector-level and on the level of economic development of exporting country.

Determinants of innovative measures adopted by enterprises

The beginning of the 21st century has given rise to a new attitude to the development of science and technology. The main assumptions underlying the introduction of changes have their origin in the globalization of economy, scientific and technological revolution as well as rapid growth of competitiveness on regional and global markets. Under these circumstances entrepreneurship and innovativeness have become factors determining economic growth experienced both by enterprises and economies of particular states. This is reflected in the results of numerous studies. They indicate that economies, in which business entities are located and which show greater innovative potential, have reported the highest rates of return in recent years (8). The article is aimed at presenting the essence and role of innovation activity in contemporary organizations, as well as benefits accruing from innovation introduction in enterprises. An attempt has been made to identify factors contributing to effective implementation of innovation activities. Special attention was paid to external and internal determinants that provide conditions encouraging business entities to become involved in innovation activities.

Relationship of innovative activity and human capital

The article considers the relationship between innovative activity and human capital. The attempt to justify the key role of innovation activity as the properties of human capital is made.

Inovativna aktivnost u funkciji rasta preduzeća

Scientific research circles during the global economic and financial crisis, the issue of growth companies are increasingly viewed through the prism of innovative activities. The subject of this paper is the role of innovative activity as a function of growth companies. The scientific objective of this paper is that through an econometric analysis of the link and quantitatively evaluate the impact of innovation activities on growth companies in the Republic of Serbian. The study was conducted according to the methodology of the OECD and Eurostat. During the experiments, methods of correlation and regression analysis. After the introduction, the second part of the study analyzes the issue from the perspective of current research in the scientific literature available in scientific databases such as EBSCO, ProQuest, Springer, Science Direct, CSA, Open Directory. The third part of the paper titled, research methodology and analysis of the sample, ' which sets the basic methodological concept study, conducted sampling and applied scientific research methods. In the fourth part of the paper presenting the results of research and discussion of the results is carried out. In the final part of this paper is concluding observations on the basis of scientific research.

From traditional manufacturing towards virtual servi-manufacturing: Gabriel's journey

Subject area Operations strategy/global operations/value chain. Study level/applicability BA/Master level – the case can be applied to support operations strategy discussions related to the link between context, configuration and capabilities, and particularly to discuss internationalization strategy and global operations. Case overview The case examines how Gabriel, a Danish textile company, transformed itself from being a traditional textile manufacturer to becoming an innovative virtual servi-manufacturer. The case covers the main milestones in Gabriel's recent history, explores the main reasons for the transformation that started in the late 1990s and studies how this transformation towards becoming a virtual servi-manufacturer was dealt with. The case closes with the sections examining the role of innovation activities in the newly transformed company. Expected learning outcomes The case is expected to build an understanding of the organisational and operational implications of the journey towards the virtual production company. While the case is broad in its scope, it provides an opportunity to go into details on a number of interrelated topics: operations strategy; global production networks; communication and coordination; interdependencies; and outsourcing and offshoring. The story of Gabriel illustrates a highly successful globalization journey and its underlying dynamics. The case highlights how the operations configuration and the relationships between key parties do not stay constant over time. They rather shift and adapt to internal and external stimuli. The case explores these stimuli in retrospect and describes how the company attempts to reconcile market requirements with its operations configurations and capabilities. Supplementary materials Teaching note.

Differentiation of Innovation Behavior of Manufacturing Firms in the New Member States: Cluster Analysis on Firm-Level Data

This paper investigates the differences in innovation behaviour, i.e. differences in innovation sources and innovation effects, among manufacturing firms in three NMS: the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. It is based on a survey of firms operating in four manufacturing industries: food and beverages, automotive, pharmaceuticals and electronics. The paper takes into account: innovation inputs in enterprises, cooperation among firms in R&D activities, the benefits of cooperation with business partners and innovation effects (innovation outputs and international competitiveness of firms' products and technology) in the three countries. After employing cluster analysis, five types of innovation patterns were detected. The paper characterises and compares these innovation patterns, highlighting differences and similarities. The paper shows that external knowledge plays an important role in innovation activities in NMS firms. The ability to explore cooperation with business partners and the benefits of using external knowledge are determined by in-house innovation activities, notably R&D intensity.

The Innovation Patterns of Firms in Low and High Technology Manufacturing Sectors in the New Member States

For many years, analysis on innovations focused on high technology industries which were treated as synonymous with high competitiveness and growth. New research on low and medium technology industries has revealed that their growth is also based on innovations, though their sources differ from high technology industries. As the ‘catching up’ economies of the EU New Member States (NMS) are based on low and medium technology industries, the differences in innovativeness between high and low technology sector firms as well as within each of the sectors can play an important role in the future development of these countries. This paper aims to show the differences in innovation patterns among manufacturing firms operating in low and high technology sectors in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. It is based on a survey of firms which took into account innovation inputs, cooperation among firms in R&D activities, the benefits of cooperation with business partners, innovation outputs and international competitiveness. The sample consisted of 358 firms operating in both low and medium technology industries (food and beverages and automotive) and high technology industries (pharmaceuticals and electronics). After employing cluster analysis, five types of innovation patterns were detected, characterised and compared in firms operating in the low and medium technology (LMT) sectors, and four in the high technology (HT) sector. Differences and similarities in innovation patterns between firms operating in each of the two sectors are discussed. The paper shows that external knowledge plays a crucial role in innovation activities in NMS’ firms. The ability to explore cooperation with business partners and the use of external knowledge are more important for the international competitiveness of the NMS’ products than in-house innovation resources.

Spatial and Sectoral Characteristics of Relational Capital in Innovation Activity

The paper presents prima facie evidence of the role of relational capital in innovation activities, and underlines the spatial and sectoral difference of the effects of relational capital on innovation processes. Relational cpaital is defined in this paper as the stock of relations that a firm can entertain with other firms, institutions, research centres, measured through the intensity of cooperation among local actors. The paper is structured in two parts. In the first part, a review on the literature is presented, and the similarities and differences between the concept of relational capital and the more common concept of knowledge spillovers is underlined. In the second part, the empirical results of the analysis are presented; the empirical analysis is based on a database of 133 firms' observations, located in different geographical areas. With a quantitative approach, the paper replies to the following key questions: Is relational capital a determinant for innovation activities? If it is so, does it have the same role in urban and non-urban areas? Does it have a different role in specialized and despecialized areas? The empirical results to these questions help in understanding whether it is true that competitive city regions in the global economy are the major locations for relatively exclusive knowledge and learning resources. The paper shows that if relational capital plays a role in innovation activities, it may very well be that its role strongly depends on the sectoral as well as the spatial characteristics in which the innovation process takes place. Non-urban areas characterized by strong local synergies and highly specialized activities may even be more facilitated in their inovation activity.

Market Structure, Corporate Performance and Innovative Activity.

Innovation - in products and processes - is an increasingly significant source of competitive advantage for firms and nations. Analysing extensive data on major innovations in the UK, this book examines the role of innovative activity in the structure of markets and the performance of firms. From this the author draws lessons on strategies for innovation for governments and firms alike. In particular, he addresses four questions which have long attracted the interst of economists: - does the structure of product markets affect the pace of innovative activity? - what are the effects of innovative activity on market structure? - how large a contribution does innovative activity make to productivity growth? - how does innovative activity affect corporate performance? In answering these important questions the author draws lessons for makers of public and business policy towards innovation.

Human capital, trade, and economic growth

Human Capital, Trade, and Economic Growth. — Human capital, because of its special role in innovative activity and technological progress, has formed the bedrock of the new theories of endogenous growth. However, it not only serves as an engine of growth but also as a productive input along with labor and physical capital. In this study, the authors find evidence of the importance of both roles of human capital. They also find that the relationship between growth and the external effects of human capital vary according to trade regime. When literacy rates are relatively high, open economies grow about 0.65 to 1.75 percentage points more than closed economies.