Role Of Informatics Research Articles

Nursing Informatics and Digital Technology Using in Aging Home Care Delivery Development

This participatory action research aimed to enhance nurses’ role in informatics and digital technology for aging home care delivery at 13 health-promoting hospitals, in Kantharawichai District, Mahasarakham Province, Northeastern Thailand from January - December 2021. There were 139 participants; 13 nurses, 52 community caregivers, 37 family caregivers, and 37 bed-bound elderly. The researchers facilitated the participants sharing of their own experiences and reflected on aging home care. This research included four phases; 1) Assessment; data was collected through in-depth interviews, small group dialogue, and observation of nurses and caregivers practicing, 2) Intervention planning; three times brainstorming was created for health problem identification and intervention planning, 3) Intervention; participants joined aging home care delivery, 4) Evaluation; brainstorming was created for each health promoting hospital evaluation. Content analysis was used for data analysis. Results showed that; Nurses as care managers of this PAR cooperative learning efforts increased knowledge, attitude, and practice in informatic and digital technology to develop aging home care. They formulated strategies to supervise caregivers caring for bed-bound elderly; 1) enhancing caregivers’ knowledge through the application, raising awareness and skill regarding informatics and digital technology applied for care plan and counseling, 2) promotion of online reports for aging caregiver activities, 3) creation line official for supervising caregiver caring, and 4) online network development of aging home care delivery linked to district hospital for medical consulting and local administrative organization for economic and social consulting. The empowering participatory process of this PAR could encourage nurses to create a way for effective supervision and cooperative primary care through line official effectiveness. This process can be applied to create and enhance informatics and digital technology for complex caring in rural areas.

Resilience Informatics: Role of Informatics in Enabling and Promoting Public Health Resilience to Pandemics, Climate Change, and Other Stressors.

Climate change, local epidemics, future pandemics, and forced displacements pose significant public health threats worldwide. To cope successfully, people and communities are faced with the challenging task of developing resilience to these stressors. Our viewpoint is that the powerful capabilities of modern informatics technologies including artificial intelligence, biomedical and environmental sensors, augmented or virtual reality, data science, and other digital hardware or software, have great potential to promote, sustain, and support resilience in people and communities. However, there is no "one size fits all" solution for resilience. Solutions must match the specific effects of the stressor, cultural dimensions, social determinants of health, technology infrastructure, and many other factors.

The National Transformation of Nursing Documentation in Wales.

In response to findings indicating poor standardisation and quality in nursing documentation, NHS Wales embarked on a transformative journey with the National Electronic Nursing Documentation Programme in 2014. Evolving into the Welsh Nursing Care Record (WNCR) by 2019, this initiative sought to streamline practices and enhance accuracy, compliance, and efficiency through a standardised digital platform. The case study explores the comprehensive project design, emphasising evidence-based practices, governance processes and the introduction of National Nursing Informatics roles. Accomplished from April 2021 to September 2023, the WNCR implementation achieved a 79% roll out across eligible wards, marked by strategic investments, robust training, and phased deployment. Evaluations to date show positive impacts on key performance indicators, exemplified by a 9-minute time saving per patient. Lessons learned noted the significance of user engagement, cultural transformation, and ongoing staff development, paving the way for future strategies including nationwide implementation, benefits realisation, and data visualisation initiatives.

The Role of Informatics in Advancing Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Review.

Emergency Medicine Informatics (EMI) is a rapidly advancing field that utilizes information technology to enhance the delivery of emergency medical services. This comprehensive literature review explores the key components, benefits, challenges, and future directions of EMI. By integrating Electronic Health Records, Clinical Decision Support Systems, telemedicine, data analytics, interoperability, and patient monitoring systems, EMI has the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes and operational efficiency in emergency departments. However, the implementation of these technologies faces several obstacles, including interoperability issues, data security concerns, usability challenges, and high costs. This review highlights how these technologies are transforming emergency care, discusses the barriers to their implementation, and provides perspectives on potential solutions and future progress in the field.

Standardizing Competencies and Enhancing Professionalism Through a Telepresenter Certificate Program

Background: Telehealth researchers frequently identify barriers to telehealth delivery, but often their literature does not propose change management strategies to improve access to care through telehealth. Systematic reviews support findings that education and training are lacking to ensure high-quality telehealth delivery. Curriculum that addresses technical skills, provides a clinical perspective for addressing digital health care, and proposes best practices can build the foundation for a competent telehealth workforce — most crucially, telepresenters. Objective: Recognizing an unmet need for standardized training for telepresenting health care professionals, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs’ Office of Connected Care (VA OCC) built on its prior telehealth experience to create a Telepresenter Certificate Program (TCP) in partnership with the University of Florida College of Nursing (UF CON). This paper describes the program’s curriculum, the educational methods used, and learners’ responses to a summative survey that evaluated the TCP’s impact. Methods: VA OCC and UF CON created a curriculum encompassing two courses. The first course was an introduction to the current knowledge regarding digital health, including the role of clinical informatics, electronic health records, patient-generated health data, and trends in data use in health care. The second course helped learners understand required telehealth competencies through patient case scenarios and covered topics such as how to telepresent virtual medical exams and apply these skills in practice. Results: Over a total of four TCP cohorts, 909 learners completed the program. Among overall learners, 87% agreed or strongly agreed that “they will be able to apply the knowledge and skills learned to effectively assist telehealth providers in delivering patient care using telehealth technology.” On average, 94% of TCP completers were satisfied with the program. Discussion: VA OCC’s partnership with UF CON successfully created a novel curriculum to standardize competencies and enhance professionalism for the telepresenter role through the TCP. Learners positively endorsed their acquisition of skills and their satisfaction with the program. The TCP offers a viable model for other health care consortiums to standardize competencies and enhance professionalism for telepresenters, resulting in improved telehealth quality and increased health care access.

Tripartite Social Roles of Urban Underground Pipeline Informatization in China

Urban underground pipelines (UUPs) are critical infrastructure, and their safe operation has become a key concern in Chinese society. Currently, the tripartite social roles of the local people’s government, pipeline management departments, and the public are crucial in the informatization of urban underground pipelines. In this study, a survey was conducted among 126 professionals and technical personnel involved in underground pipeline informatization across eight cities in different regions of China. A quantitative weighted evaluation model was established using the Project Quantitative Index (PQI) and principal component analysis (PCA) to investigate the value of the tripartite aforementioned social groups in UUP informatization. The results indicate: (1) There is a significant positive correlation between the tripartite social roles and the promotion of UUP informatization. Moreover, the indicators with the highest PQI value are “Establishment of UUP informatization management departments” and “Support the work of the UUP informatization industry association” under the role of the local people’s government. (2) The informatization work of underground pipelines in different cities is affected differently by the tripartite social roles. This suggests that the local people’s government and professional management departments in different cities can proactively leverage their unique advantages in UUP informatization based on their specific circumstances. (3) PCA results showed that the indicators related to the public carried significant weight, indicating that the public also played an important role in UUP informatization. The degree of UUP informatization in the eight studied cities is ranked as follows: Guangzhou > Beijing > Qingdao > Kunming > Shanghai > Chengdu > Wuhan > Sian. This paper further discusses the unique roles and contributions of the tripartite social groups in UUP informatization, aiming to provide decision support for the future construction, management, and safe operation and maintenance of urban underground pipelines in China.

PECULIARITIES OF INTERACTION OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT BODIES IN SOCIAL NETWORKS: CHANGES THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE SOCIETY'S VIEWPOINT

Purpose of the study. The digital environment is the simplest and at the same time the most effective way of interaction between public authorities and society. When building a dialogue between government and society, it should be remembered how important the role of informatization is in management processes in modern Russia. Insufficient use of such potentially powerful tools as social networks can lead to filling the vacuum of dialog between the governed and the governed by those forces that will pursue various destructive goals - from discrediting the authorities to outright fraud; and ignoring the dialog opportunities of social networks, using them as a formality, ultimately undermines trust in the authorities and creates a gap in communication where it could be effectively built. The presented research is aimed at forming an idea about the prospects of social networks as the main communicator of local self-government bodies and the population of the municipality. Conclusions. By studying the information reality on the example of a particular municipality, we can develop recommendations on the use of social networks as the most important guide to the formation of public opinion. New approaches to governance through the use of Internet communications, actively formed at present, need an appropriate legal framework.

Spatial effects of green innovation and carbon emission reduction in China: Mediating role of infrastructure and informatization

Green innovation (GI) plays a vital role in mitigating urban carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and fostering sustainable development in China. This study examines the impact of GI on CO2 emissions, underscoring its significance for environmental sustainability. The analysis of data from 253 Chinese cities from 2010 to 2020 shows a transition in GI from a “multipoint” sporadic pattern to a “clustered” aggregation, indicative of significant polarization. Concurrently, a converging trend in the CO2 emissions kernel density curve reflects the initial success of carbon reduction initiatives, demonstrating a notable “high in the north and low in the south” spatial disparity. Critically, the findings reveal that GI induces significant spatial spillover effects, reducing CO2 emissions not only locally but also in adjacent areas. The mediation analysis reveals that the level of infrastructure development acts as a masking factor, suggesting that despite infrastructure expansion potentially escalating CO2 emissions, alignment with GI principles steers its environmental impact towards a positive direction. Additionally, informatization's modest mediating role suggests that its enhancement, driven by GI, further mitigates CO2 emissions through improved resource efficiency. These insights highlight the importance of integrating GI into urban policy frameworks, emphasizing its role in environmental management and CO2 emission reduction.

Emergence and development stages of informatics in Azerbaijan

The article highlights the results of studies on the emergence history and formation of informatics in Azerbaijan, and chronologically interprets the development stages of informatics. It comparatively analyzes the evolution of the fields of informatics, computer science and information and communication technology in Azerbaijan during the Soviet Union period and independence years based on archival documents. Studies are conducted on the activities of the Azerbaijani scientists who played a significant role in the emergence and development of informatics in Azerbaijan, and their central scientific achievements are presented. The measures implemented for the establishment of the national network infrastructure of the Internet in Azerbaijan and the manufacture of national products in the field of ICT are reviewed. Computer generations in Azerbaijan, state policy in the field of informatics, measures implemented for the development and application of modern technologies, personnel training in this field, leading scientific schools, higher educational institutions, as well as the provision of information sovereignty in Azerbaijan and the implementation of the IV Industrial Revolution are explored, some statistical indicators on the development of information technology are presented. The main goal of conducting the research is to comprehensively examine the history of the establishment and development of informatics in Azerbaijan, to obtain complete scientific knowledge about the role of informatics in the development of society and the country.

Integrating Experiential Informatics and Quality Improvement in Baccalaureate Education.

Current education for prelicensure students addresses informatics, typically focusing on theory, terminology, and an overview of systems. This leaves health partners with the burden of teaching "bedside" informatics skills. Utilizing an innovative new model, a course was developed to bridge the gap between theory and practical application. Students join mock clinical practice councils and perform chart audits to understand the important role of informatics in quality improvement. By using practical bedside informatics tools and applications, students learn to improve patient outcomes and safe care environments in alignment with current expectations.

An Introduction to Clinical Informatics for Early Medical Learners Using Colorectal Cancer Screening.

Clinical informatics is an important component of the AMA-endorsed third pillar of undergraduate medical education, health systems science. Discrete educational opportunities for clinical informatics and health systems science among early learners are lacking in medical school curricula. We developed and evaluated a multistep, 2.5-hour activity during the gastroenterology module to introduce these topics to preclerkship medical students. A didactic session introducing clinical informatics and clinical decision support and reviewing health promotion and screening concepts was followed by small-group activities. Students worked through a series of exercises culminating in the generation of a clinical decision support tool based on the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) colorectal cancer screening recommendations. Between 2022 and 2023, 326 first-year medical students participated in this workshop. Feedback was predictably mixed. In 2022, 88% of postclass survey respondents confirmed having a better clinical informatics understanding after the workshop. In 2023, students reported a statistically significant increase in their self-reported understanding of the role of clinical informatics, clinical decision support, and USPSTF colorectal cancer recommendations. Clinical decision support is a viable pathway for introduction of clinical informatics, health systems science, and public health/prevention topics. Our educational approach offers an interactive introduction to this group of topics that can benefit future physicians. While colon cancer provides a robust option for the clinical situation, this activity could be modified to fit into many different clinical scenarios, allowing for interdisciplinary education during either undergraduate or graduate medical education.

Insights into adsorbent materials for lithium extraction by capacitive deionization: reconceptualizing the role of materials informatics

The potential of materials informatics in designing lithium extraction materials for capacitive deionization have been discussed.

Improving Vaccine Equity: How Community Engagement and Informatics Facilitate Health System Outreach to Underrepresented Groups.

Given the inequities in access to health care resources like COVID-19 vaccination, health systems should carefully consider how to reach underrepresented groups. Reflecting on vaccine rollout efforts holds insight on the role of community engagement and informatics support in promoting health equity. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of four outreach strategies deployed by University of Washington (UW) Medicine in improving vaccine equity over traditional vaccine scheduling online or by phone, we report on appointment scheduling and completion of appointments (i.e., vaccine administration) through (1) automated outreach to individuals from underrepresented groups, (2) temporary "pop-up" clinics in neighborhoods highly impacted by COVID-19, (3) vulnerable population clinics, and (4) mobile vaccine vans. We conducted a 6-month retrospective analysis of electronic health records (EHR) to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of individuals who scheduled appointments using the outreach strategies and characteristics associated with a greater likelihood of vaccine administration based on appointment completion. To help explain trends in the EHR data, we engaged 10 health system leaders and staff who spearheaded the outreach strategies in follow-up conversations to identify qualitative insights into what worked and why. Compared with traditional scheduling, all outreach strategies except vulnerable population clinics had higher vaccine appointment completion rates, including automated outreach (N = 3,734 [94.7%], p < 0.001), pop-up clinics (N = 4,391 [96.0%], p < 0.001), and mobile vans (N = 4,198 [99.1%], p < 0.001); and lower cancellation rates, including automated outreach (N = 166 [1.1%], p < 0.001), pop-up clinics (N = 155 [0.6%], p < 0.001), and mobile vans (N = 0 [0%], p < 0.001). Qualitative insights emphasized ongoing community partnerships and information resources in successful outreach. Vaccine equity outreach strategies improved the proportion of patients who scheduled and completed vaccination appointments among populations disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. Engaging community partners and equity-focused informatics tools can facilitate outreach. Lessons from these outreach strategies carry practical implications for health systems to amplify their health equity efforts.

Informationization Construction of Civic Education in Colleges Based on Big Data Technology

Abstract This paper explores the application of big data technology in daily civic education in colleges, and visualizes the data with heterogeneous systems, on which the result is based to design the education evaluation data model. Calculating the total evaluation value of the teachers in the field of Civics and Political Science, combining with the sector area ratio division algorithm to realize the uniform display of scientific research achievements in the field of Civics and Political Science, and completing the construction of the knowledge model of Civics and Political Science education in colleges with above procedures. The appropriate learning path of Civics informatization for the learners is projected with the ant colony algorithm, which is based on the adaptive test ability value of the learners generated from item response theory. The construction of civic education information in colleges is done using big data technology. The results show that after a period of learning in the mode of informatization of Civic and Political Education, the mean value of the students in the experimental class scores 10 points higher than that of the control class learning. Overall students are more agreeable to the role of informatization of Civic and Political Education in colleges and the construction of informatization of Civic and Political Education in colleges has achieved good results.

The Impact of Health Informatics on Radiologist, Laboratory Technician, Pharmacist-Physician Collaboration, and Patient Outcomes

Health informatics has revolutionized the way healthcare professionals collaborate and deliver care, with significant implications for patient outcomes. This abstract explores the impact of health informatics on the collaboration between radiologists, laboratory technicians, pharmacists, and physicians, and its influence on patient outcomes. The abstract provides an overview of the role of health informatics in facilitating communication, information sharing, and decision-making among these healthcare professionals. It also discusses the potential benefits and challenges associated with integration of health informatics in collaborative care, and highlight the importance of leveraging technology to improve patient safety, treatment efficacy, and overall healthcare quality. The review concludes that, the professions of radiologists, laboratory technicians, chemists, doctors, and patient outcomes have all been significantly impacted by health informatics. Healthcare practitioners are now able to make better decisions thanks to the increased efficiency and accuracy of diagnostic imaging and laboratory tests brought about by the integration of technology and data management systems. Electronic prescribing and medication management systems have improved collaboration between chemists and doctors, guaranteeing safe and efficient pharmaceutical use. The application of health informatics has also helped patients receive more individualized care, better communication, and access to health information. All things considered, the use of health informatics has changed the way that healthcare is delivered and may continue to enhance patient outcomes in the future.

Clinical Informatics in Critical Care Medicine.

Continuous monitoring and treatment of patients in intensive care units generates vast amounts of data. Critical Care Medicine clinicians incorporate this continuously evolving data to make split-second, life or death decisions for management of these patients. Despite the abundance of data, it can be challenging to consider every accessible data point when making the quick decisions necessary at the point of care. Consequently, Clinical Informatics offers a natural partnership to improve the care for critically ill patients. The last two decades have seen a significant evolution in the role of Clinical Informatics in Critical Care Medicine. In this review, we will discuss how Clinical Informatics improves the care of critically ill patients by enhancing not only data collection and visualization but also bedside medical decision making. We will further discuss the evolving role of machine learning algorithms in Clinical Informatics as it pertains to Critical Care Medicine.

EMODnet Biology: Unlocking European marine biodiversity data

EMODnet Biology (hosted and coordinated by the Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ)) is one of the seven themes within the European Marine Observation and Data network (EMODnet). The EMODnet Biology consortium aims to facilitate the accessibility and usage of marine biodiversity data. With the principle of "collect once, use many times" at its core, EMODnet Biology fosters collaboration across various sectors, including research, policy-making, industry, and individual citizens, to enhance knowledge sharing and inform decision-making. EMODnet Biology focuses on providing free and open access to comprehensive historical and recent data on the occurrence of marine species and their traits in all European regional seas. It achieves this through partnerships and collaboration with diverse international initiatives, such as the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), Marine Regions and the European node of the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (EurOBIS) among others. By promoting the usage of the Darwin Core Standard (Wieczorek et al. 2012), EMODnet Biology fosters data interoperability and ensures seamless integration with wider networks such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS), serving as a significant data provider of the latter, as it is responsible for most of its data generated in Europe. Since its inception, EMODnet Biology has undertaken actions covering various areas, including providing access to marine biological data with spatio-temporal, taxonomic, environmental- and sampling-related information among others; developing an exhaustive data quality control tool based on the Darwin Core standard, the British Oceanographic Data Centre and Natural Environment Research Council Vocabulary Server (BODC NVS2) parameters and other controlled vocabularies used; creating and providing training courses to guide data providers; performing gap analyses to identify data quality and coverage shortcomings; creating and publishing marine biological distribution maps for various species or species groups; and interacting with international and European initiatives, projects and organizations. providing access to marine biological data with spatio-temporal, taxonomic, environmental- and sampling-related information among others; developing an exhaustive data quality control tool based on the Darwin Core standard, the British Oceanographic Data Centre and Natural Environment Research Council Vocabulary Server (BODC NVS2) parameters and other controlled vocabularies used; creating and providing training courses to guide data providers; performing gap analyses to identify data quality and coverage shortcomings; creating and publishing marine biological distribution maps for various species or species groups; and interacting with international and European initiatives, projects and organizations. Furthermore, EMODnet Biology contributes to the overall EMODnet initiative, which covers multidisciplinary data and products. Thanks to the use of standard protocols and tools across disciplines, EMODnet Biology products can contribute to multidisciplinary analysis of pressures and impacts on key marine species and habitats, and, lastly, support a better management and planning of the maritime space. In conclusion, EMODnet Biology plays a pivotal role in biodiversity informatics by providing users with a wealth of accessible and reusable marine biodiversity data and products. Its collaborative approach, extensive partnerships, and adherence to the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data principles (Wilkinson et al. 2016) as well as to the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE) metadata technical guidelines (European Commission Joint Research Centre 2013) and the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards make it a valuable resource for advancing knowledge, informing policies, and supporting sustainable management of marine ecosystems.

The informatization role of the educational process for quality training of specialists

The article reveals the role of informatization of the educational process for high-quality training of specialists in order to achieve in the educational process a systemic vision of the future innovative activity of specialists, its perception as a single system of professional functions and tasks, giving preference to informatization. The purpose of the article is to clarify the role of informatization of the educational process for quality training of specialists to achieve a systemic vision of future innovative activity in the educational process, its perception as a single system of professional functions and tasks. , giving preference to informatization. The methodical concept of scientific training of future specialists in the conditions of informatization of the educational process for high-quality training of specialists reflects the relationship and interaction of scientific approaches to the study of a fundamental problem. Informatization of the educational process was considered in aspects: system, activity and information. The positive factors of informatization of the educational process, which increase the effectiveness of the training of education seekers and factors that contribute to the prompt updating and solving of tasks, filling the content of the educational environment through the use of new technologies, have been determined.

Возможна ли информатика как единая общедисциплинарная наука?

The article sets the task of analyzing existing research related to the information support of decision-making processes carried out by different authors in different periods of informatics and other information sciences’ development. The reviewed studies were initiated by various reasons and were carried out almost independently from each other. The authors of the article hope that the combination of these studies in one article will lead to the effect of emergence and will allow to set the task of creating a unified general-disciplinary science of information. The origins of the term “informatics” are considered, which have been arising independently; including F. E. Temnikov’s informatics as a complex science of information elements, information processes and information systems; informatics of A. I. Mikhailov – A. I. Сhernyj – R. S. Gilyarevskij as a science of scientific and technical information; informatics for secondary education of A. P. Ershov and its development into a type of informatics, called computing science in foreign works. It is stated that at present the original term introduced into the scientific literature by F. E. Temnikov has turned into the name of science of technical means and technologies for working with information, and while information is the basis for understanding and predicting the development of all spheres of human life and society, the theory of automated information and control systems and complexes’ design as well as the theory of scientific and technical information have been developing; there are studies focused on the formation of information science as a general discipline (e. g., Informetriya (Informetrics) of V. I. Gor’kova, Systemantics proposed by Yu. I. Shemakin). The conclusion is drawn about the need to rethink the essence and role of informatics, perhaps introducing a new term (for example, “applied informatics” which was preferred by the founder of the journal “Applied Informatics” A. A. Emelyanov). It could also be useful to consider the definition of informatics introduced by F. E. Temnikov, who divided the informatics into three strata “information elements – information processes – information systems”. In such a stratified structure, it will be possible to find a place for various concepts and types of informatics. It is also useful to rethink the concept of F. E. Temnikov that includes “systematics”, “informatics” and “intellectics”; F. E. Temnikov introduced the idea of the informatics’ development as the basis for intellectual processes and systems. The realization of this idea can be facilitated by the information theory of A. A. Denisov. An important contribution to the creation of the foundations for integrated information science was made by A. A. Emelyanov, who was one of the first to connect informatics with systems theory and computer simulation, developed the Actor Pilgrim simulation system, created the journal “Applied Informatics”, which discusses the problems of computing science development. The analysis of different publications allows the authors of this article to make a conclusion that the integral interdisciplinary science of information can be called “applied informatics”.

Barriers to Adoption of Tailored Drug-Drug Interaction Clinical Decision Support.

Despite the benefits of the tailored drug-drug interaction (DDI) alerts and the broad dissemination strategy, the uptake of our tailored DDI alert algorithms that are enhanced with patient-specific and context-specific factors has been limited. The goal of the study was to examine barriers and health care system dynamics related to implementing tailored DDI alerts and identify the factors that would drive optimization and improvement of DDI alerts. We employed a qualitative research approach, conducting interviews with a participant interview guide framed based on Proctor's taxonomy of implementation outcomes and informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework. Participants included pharmacists with informatics roles within hospitals, chief medical informatics officers, and associate medical informatics directors/officers. Our data analysis was informed by the technique used in grounded theory analysis, and the reporting of open coding results was based on a modified version of the Safety-Related Electronic Health Record Research Reporting Framework. Our analysis generated 15 barriers, and we mapped the interconnections of these barriers, which clustered around three entities (i.e., users, organizations, and technical stakeholders). Our findings revealed that misaligned interests regarding DDI alert performance and misaligned expectations regarding DDI alert optimizations among these entities within health care organizations could result in system inertia in implementing tailored DDI alerts. Health care organizations primarily determine the implementation and optimization of DDI alerts, and it is essential to identify and demonstrate value metrics that health care organizations prioritize to enable tailored DDI alert implementation. This could be achieved via a multifaceted approach, such as partnering with health care organizations that have the capacity to adopt tailored DDI alerts and identifying specialists who know users' needs, liaise with organizations and vendors, and facilitate technical stakeholders' work. In the future, researchers can adopt the systematic approach to study tailored DDI implementation problems from other system perspectives (e.g., the vendors' system).