Role Of Immigration Research Articles

Perspectives on Necessity-Driven Immigrant Entrepreneurship: Interactions with Entrepreneurial Ecosystems through the Lens of Dynamic Capabilities

This paper explores the interaction between immigrant small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the entrepreneurial ecosystems of their home and host countries. These SMEs, often established out of necessity due to economic hardship or unemployment, contrast with opportunity-driven ventures that seek to exploit new market prospects. Employing a dynamic capabilities framework, the study investigates how immigrant SMEs identify and mobilize critical resources in unstable environments, and how these resources are dynamically adapted and transformed to meet organizational objectives while responding to ecosystem changes, ultimately cultivating competitive advantages. Interviews were conducted with 25 immigrant entrepreneurs from eight countries, and the interviews took place within their business environments, with native speakers of the interviewees′ home countries present to ensure accuracy and authenticity. The findings highlight that immigrant entrepreneurs effectively leverage resources from both home and host country ecosystems, with human capital being the most essential asset. Additionally, the role of immigrants′ social networks is emphasized as a crucial mechanism for resource acquisition. This study further illustrates the positive contributions of immigrant enterprises to entrepreneurial ecosystems, revealing a co-evolutionary relationship whereby the businesses and ecosystems both mutually evolve. This co-evolution strengthens the resilience and sustainability of immigrant ventures, significantly enhancing their long-term success.

The role of immigration in a deep recession

This paper studies the impact of pre-Great Recession immigrant inflows on the labour market during a recession. It develops a random search model of the labour market featuring vacancy persistence, endogenous return migration, and wage rigidity. Consistent with the Spanish data, some immigrants in the model leave the country during the recession, freeing up jobs for natives. Yet, differences in match-quality draws between immigrants and natives also impact firms’ job creation decisions. The return-migration channel positively affects natives, while job creation effects are negative in the calibrated Spanish economy. I find that immigrants mitigate the impact of the recession and enhance natives’ welfare. During the recession, the native unemployment rate would have been 2 percentage points higher in the absence of the pre-crisis immigration boom. Return migration plays a key role, with short- and medium-run impacts on the native unemployment rate 6 times larger than all other channels combined.

Mental health in nursing homes: The role of immigration in the long-term care workforce

One-fourth of nursing home residents are diagnosed with anxiety disorders and approximately half live with depression. Nursing homes have long struggled with staffing shortages, and the lack of care has further heightened the risk of poor mental health. A key solution to both problems could be immigration. Prior studies have documented how immigrant labor could strengthen the long-term care workforce. We add to this picture by exploring the impact of immigrant inflows on the mental health outcomes of nursing home residents. Using a nationally representative dataset and a shift-share instrumental variable approach, we find empirical evidence that immigration reduces diagnoses of depression and anxiety, the use of antidepressant and antianxiety drugs, and self-assessed symptoms of depression. The results are robust to several sensitivity tests. We further find that the effect is more substantial in facilities with lower direct care staff hours per resident and with likely more immigrants without citizenship. Language barriers tend to be a minor issue when providing essential care. The findings suggest that creating a policy framework that directs immigrant labor to the long-term care sector can mutually benefit job-seeking immigrants and nursing home residents.

Do immigrants support environmentalism? – Immigrants’ environmental socialization in the United States

As globalisation continues, heated debates over immigrants’ environmental behaviours in the U.S. have been prominent in recent years. While research has generally focused on the association between political affiliation and pro-environmental values, only a few studies have specifically explored immigrants’ pro-environmental values in the U.S. Utilizing a pooled dataset spanning 3 years (2017, 2020, and 2022) from the Cooperative Election Study and employing a multilevel model, we empirically tested three hypotheses regarding immigrants’ pro-environmental attitudes: the globalization hypothesis, the prosperity hypothesis, and the political socialization hypothesis. Our results supported all three hypotheses. On average, immigrants exhibited higher environmental scores than the native-born population. In addition, we identified generational differences, with the 1st generation immigrants showing the highest environmental scores, while the 2nd generation immigrants fell between the 1st generation and the native-born. Compared to the native-born population, party affiliation played a smaller role in immigrants’ formation of pro-environmental values. Democratic immigrants tended to be less pro-environment than democratic locals, while Republican immigrants were more pro-environment than Republican locals.

Changing Identities of Indian Migrants in the West:

The aim of this paper is to initiate a broader discussion concerning the identities of Indian migrants and their perceptions of arranged marriage. Through an oral testimony and a detailed life history of one interlocutor, my research explores my mother’s marital experiences, including the involvement of her family, the arrangement of the marriage itself, and the challenges that come with adjusting to marital life. Within the framework of this topic, larger theoretical and cultural phenomena are addressed such as the role of immigration, acculturation, changing notions of individualism, and identity in relation to diaspora. Such topics shed light on how Indian marital practices and related societal perceptions of identity such as gender norms, are changing for Indian migrants.

The role of immigrants, emigrants and locals in the historical formation of European knowledge agglomerations

ABSTRACT Did migrants make Paris a mecca for the arts and Vienna a beacon of classical music? Or was their rise a pure consequence of local actors? We use data on more than 22,000 historical individuals born between the years 1000 and 2000 to estimate the contribution of famous immigrants, emigrants and locals to the knowledge specialisations of European regions. We find that the probability that a region develops or keeps specialisation in an activity (based on the birth of famous physicists, painters, etc.) grows with both the presence of immigrants with knowledge about that activity and immigrants with knowledge in related activities. In contrast, we do not find robust evidence that the presence of locals with related knowledge explains entries and/or exits. We address some endogeneity concerns using fixed-effects models considering any location–period–activity-specific factors (e.g., the presence of a new university attracting scientists).

Perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic and government response among Turkish-speaking immigrants in Germany during the initial lockdown period.

Understanding the socioeconomic and health impacts of the pandemic and their consequences on immigrants necessitates consideration of how they have perceived the global threat. By applying agenda-setting theory to Turkish-speaking immigrants in Germany as a case study, I investigated what issues created a sense of urgency for them during the initial lockdown and how they approached the government's COVID-19-related agenda. I used purposeful sampling and video comments on COVID-19-related news created by three journalists on YouTube channels and applied qualitative content analysis to interpret the comments. Analysis of 118 comments and 68 replies showed that social media played an important role in immigrants' awareness of COVID-19, especially about authorities' responses, pandemic-related measures, and economic aid packages. Immigrants perceived the information as cause for concern and reactions varied by socioeconomic status. Comments not only supported authorities pandemic strategies but also indicated doubts caused by lack of transparency, certain recommendations, regulations, and aid.

Traveling technology and perverted logics: conceptualizing Palantir’s expansion into health as sphere transgression

ABSTRACT This paper contains a normative interpretation and critique of Palantir’s expansion into the health domain by using the conceptual lens of ‘sphere transgressions’. The technology company, known for its activities in the sphere of security, expanded into the health domain during the pandemic, providing software to monitor the spread of Covid-19. In 2019 Palantir was severely criticized by human rights organizations for its role in Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) under the Trump administration. Activists and politicians worry about Palantir’s move into health. However, critique is often limited to data protection. These concerns fail to grasp the risks and harms of this expansion. In this paper, I explore the risks of Palantir’s expansion into the health sphere using Sharon’s sphere transgressions framework as a conceptual lens and critical tool to understand and judge this move. We should anticipate the risks of no public returns, dominance, and new dependencies. While this might be true for many Big Tech actors, I add that Palantir’s expansion might be particularly pernicious. Palantir’s history reveals the perversion of logics under exclusionary politics in the sphere of security. At the very least, this warrants special vigilance when importing their technologies into the sphere of health. I conclude that the sphere transgressions framework reveals risks beyond data protection regarding Palantir’s expansion into the health domain.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Future Immigration and Border Control

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into immigration and border control systems represents a pivotal advancement in ensuring the security and efficiency of global travel. This research paper investigate the transformative impact of AI technologies on the future of immigration and border control, addressing their profound implications for security, operational efficiency, and the overall traveler experience. Methods employed in this exploration encompass comprehensive data collection and analysis, leveraging diverse sources ranging from immigration records to biometric data. AI-driven tools, such as facial recognition powered by deep learning algorithms, have been implemented and rigorously tested at key border crossings and airports. Additionally, predictive analytics, real-time threat detection systems, and automated chatbots have been deployed to streamline processes, enhance security, and offer travelers a more seamless experience. The results and discussions within this paper reveal the substantial enhancements achieved through AI adoption, including heightened security measures, improved operational efficiency, and the importance of addressing privacy and ethical considerations. Furthermore, international collaboration facilitated by AI technologies is emphasized as a critical component of bolstering global security efforts. As AI continues to evolve, its role in immigration and border control will remain instrumental in shaping the future of these critical domains. We have also identified various challenges and remedies to overcome the challenges. While challenges related to privacy and ethics must be thoughtfully navigated, the benefits in terms of security and traveler satisfaction underscore the importance of responsible AI integration in immigration and border control systems.

Peran Imigrasi Indonesia dalam Melawan Kejahatan Transnasional, Penyelundupan Manusia dan Perdagangan Orang

People Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons is a transnational crime that involves many countries trying to work together to eradicate, fight and prevent these crimes. Indonesian Immigration as a government agency that has the function of supervising the movement of traffic in and out of the territory of a country, has a major role in eradicating crimes of people smuggling and trafficking in persons. The strategic geographical condition of Indonesia's territory allows people to be smuggled. There are many factors that influence the occurrence of this incident, one of which is geographical conditions and a high level of poverty and the lack of knowledge of Indonesian citizens related to crimes of trafficking in persons and people smuggling are factors that trigger the occurrence of crimes of human smuggling and trafficking in persons. The high number of perpetrators and victims of People Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons whose victims are Indonesian citizens is a spur and an urgency for Indonesian Immigration to take preventive and repressive measures in eradicating the crime of People Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons. The role of immigration is needed in dealing with this. Law number 6 of 2011 concerning immigration is the legal basis for carrying out the duties and functions of Immigration. One of the functions of immigration, namely supervision, is a major concern in eradicating crimes of People Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons. Supervision is carried out when Indonesian citizens apply for travel documents and supervision at Immigration Checkpoints either at seaports, airports, cross-border posts, or other places as places of entry and exit from the Indonesian Territory which are places where inspections of peop\\tory are carried out. Indonesia, as well as supervision at the borders of the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. Supervision is carried out to ensure that migrants enter and leave Indonesian territory legally through Immigration Checkpoints in accordance with Immigration Law Number. 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration.

Peran Keimigrasian dalam Menangani Kasus Penyalahgunaan Izin Tinggal oleh Warga Negara Asing

Cases of abuse of residence permits committed by foreign nationals are motivated by very easy access to come and go from Indonesian territory. Cases of abuse of residence permits can have a negative impact on the emergence of security threats such as drug smuggling, terrorism and human trafficking. The Immigration as the gatekeeper for the entry and exit of foreign nationals has a strategic role in preventing and taking action against the practice of abusing residence permits. This research will explain about the role of Immigration, especially the Special Class I Border Control Immigration Office Surabaya in handling abuse of residence permits in the Surabaya area. This case study research uses a qualitative approach with primary data sources from interviews and studies of state documents as well as secondary data from articles and journal. The findings obtained indicate the role of Immigration, especially the Special Class I Border Control Immigration Office Surabaya in terms of prevention through supervision and the establishment of a Foreigner Monitoring Team. Meanwhile, prosecution of violators is carried out through administrative, criminal, detention, and projustia measures.

The role of immigrants in the United States labor market and Chinese import competition

Research has shown a limited labor mobility response to trade shocks. However, existing studies of aggregate mobility may miss important heterogeneity. This paper proposes a mechanism through which local labor markets adjust to trade shocks, namely immigrant mobility. I find a relative decline in the immigrant population in areas more exposed to import growth from China. An interquartile increase in Chinese import exposure decreases the immigrant population by 5.4% but has little effect on the native population. Additionally, immigrant mobility mitigates the effects of trade shocks on native labor outcomes. The present study shows that natives in areas with more immigrants experience smaller declines in employment relative to areas with fewer immigrants.

Role of immigration and emigration on the spread of COVID-19 in a multipatch environment: a case study of India

Human mobility has played a critical role in the spread of COVID-19. The understanding of mobility helps in getting information on the acceleration or control of the spread of disease. The COVID-19 virus has been spreading among several locations despite all the best efforts related to its isolation. To comprehend this, a multi-patch mathematical model of COVID-19 is proposed and analysed in this work, where-in limited medical resources, quarantining, and inhibitory behaviour of healthy individuals are incorporated into the model. Furthermore, as an example, the impact of mobility in a three-patch model is studied considering the three worst-hit states of India, i.e. Kerala, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu, as three patches. Key parameters and the basic reproduction number are estimated from the available data. Through results and analyses, it is seen that Kerala has a higher effective contact rate and has the highest prevalence. Moreover, if Kerala is isolated from Maharashtra or Tamil Nadu, the number of active cases will increase in Kerala but reduce in the other two states. Our findings indicate that the number of active cases will decrease in the high prevalence state and increase in the lower prevalence states if the emigration rate is higher than the immigration rate in the high prevalence state. Overall, proper travel restrictions are to be implemented to reduce or control the spread of disease from the high-prevalence state to other states with lower prevalence rates.

The nature of social media use and ethnic minorities’ acculturation

Social media plays an increasing role in immigrants’ and sojourners’ cultural adaptation process. Understanding how the nature of social media use is associated with immigrants’ psychological as well as sociocultural adjustment is critical to maximizing its potential for acculturation. Interviews with 34 secondary school ethnic minority students in Hong Kong revealed that these students engaged in different types of social media experiences. Different social media experiences afforded different potentials for acculturation. But social media also had negative aspects, carrying over and amplifying some power relationships and struggles in society. The realization of the potentials of social media for acculturation was embedded in the dialectical interactions between the positive and negative aspects of social media experience. The nature of social media use was also situated in specific acculturation situations. The findings suggest a more critical and dynamic approach to understanding the complex relationships of social media use with acculturation and the cyclical interaction between the two.

A Citizen Just Like You: The Role of Complex Contagion and Resemblance for Decisions to Naturalize

As is the case with the adoption of many other practices, social influence plays an important role in immigrants’ decision to apply for host-country citizenship. Existing work uses residential characteristics to proxy social network effects but does not directly analyze the hypothesized mechanisms – flow of information and signals about identity fit – nor does it specify the type of social network influence. We address this lacuna using data from in-depth interviews with immigrants about their decision whether or not to naturalize in the US. Our analysis of this data suggests that for migrants facing barriers naturalization diffuses through complex contagion. Rather than through the simple presence of naturalized co-ethnics, we show that social influence flows through strong ties to naturalized immigrants who share similar characteristics. When assessing information about the process and their chances of success, those who are on the fence look to others who have naturalized and who resemble them in attributes like education or migration trajectory. In addition, the promise of status equality that citizenship offers matters: comparing themselves to (social) peers that have citizenship can motivate respondents to naturalize as a way to claim equal status.

Sahih Al-Bukhari as a source for the Study of the Economic life in Medina in the era of the Message


 
 
 
 Praise be to God as great as the number of His creation, the contentment of Himself, the weight of His Throne, and the extent of His words, and prayers and peace be upon the most honorable of His creation and the seal of the prophets, the Chosen One, Muhammad, and upon his family and his good and pure companions, and after…
 The selection of this topic is to deal deeply with of the history of this ancient city and the important era, namely from the economic side, through the book of Sahih Al-Bukhari, which is considered one of the important, comprehensive and correct hadith books especially it included hadiths with economic which has an effect on the life of the Islamic community. The researcher also tried to write about an aspect of the main aspects of Islamic civilization in which Islam’s supremacy and its richness in financial and economic policy becomes clear and evident, and how its provisions reformed economic conditions and financial systems removed the injustice that was the distinguishing feature of previous eras, and its repercussions on social conditions. The political and intellectual, as well as the importance of the place and the historical era, which is considered one of the brightest eras of Islam.
 
 
 
 
 
 It also deals the agricultural activity, and discussed the issues that Islam dealt with to reform the agricultural aspect, and then reviewed the most important agricultural crops. It also dealt tackled the industrial activity, and reviewed the most important industries at that time. This paper also sheds light on commercial activity. The role of immigrants in promoting the commercial process in the city is also shown, as well as reviewing the most important trades that took place in it. It further clarified the role of Islam in organizing the commercial process in civil society, by controlling steadiness and weights, and finally a chapter is devoted to explain The process of browsing and raising animals.

Jumping Through Hoops in the Canadian Immigration System: A Critical View of the Immigrant's Journey to Citizenship

AbstractLanguage assessment for citizenship is a ubiquitous enforced and enacted policy in several developed countries (e.g., Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and the Netherlands, to name a few). In this regard, language testers have expressly argued that this practice enacts injustice for and adds hurdles to marginalized immigrant groups (McNamara & Shohamy, 2009; Shohamy, 2009). Nevertheless, language proficiency tests remain a critical, high‐stakes criterion in evaluating immigrants' permanent residence and naturalization applications. To this end, language tests used for immigration and citizenship purposes are often aligned with widely recognized language frameworks such as the Canadian Language Benchmarks (Chen & Flasko, 2020) and the Common European Framework of Reference (Lim, Geranpayeh, Khalifa, & Buckendahl, 2013). In turn, these alignment studies idealize, in subtle ways, new Canadians with language proficiency requirements that would make them worthy of permanent residence or citizenship. Knowledge of society tests plays an essential role in immigrants' journey to citizenship and can also be considered tests of reading proficiency. This study focuses on the enacted Canadian language policy for prospective immigrants and citizens, adopting a corpus‐assisted discourse analytic approach (Taylor & Marchi, 2018) to the study guide for the Canadian citizenship test (Discover Canada: The rights and responsibilities of citizenship). A primary focus is examining how official and nonofficial languages are represented within this document. The findings highlight some of the problematic assumptions that underpin the use of monolingual constructs in tests encountered in the journey to permanent residence and Canadian citizenship.

The Role of Immigration and Colonization in the Acculturation of Halal Food in European Countries: An Evidence-Based Systematic Review

Halal food consumption and the halal market economy in Europe have been steadily growing among both Muslim and non-Muslim populations. This growth has been propelled by the rising number of Muslim immigrants in European countries. The purpose of the present study was to systematically review and synthesize a multitude of existing scholarly findings extracted from peer-reviewed research and reliable web-based sources on the role of Muslim immigrants in the acculturation of halal food in European countries. An electronic database search in the available literature was conducted to identify and select data from cognate studies. The collected data were examined and analyzed employing a systematic review methodology. The combined findings of Muslim immigrants’ role and contributions to halal food acculturation in Europe are discussed. A systematic search of major electronic bibliographic databases, printed books, verified fact-based newspaper articles, and credible web-based sources was conducted. A cross section of a total of sixty-four data sources was included in this review. Findings suggest that the acculturation of the halal food process in European countries has been effective and facilitated by waves of Muslim immigrants, centuries of colonization of Muslim countries by many former European colonizers, adhering to religious requirements to consuming halal food, cultural and peer influences on halal food consumption, perceived control over consuming halal meat, developing a bicultural identity in the host country, as well as the increasing acceptance of the non-Muslim European consumer to consuming halal food as a healthier alternative to fast food and processed food products. There is a need for further research to better understand the economic and socio-cultural impact of the acculturation of halal food on the behavior of non-Muslim European consumers. This might serve as a paradigm for future research to better understand what influences halal food product consumption in non-Muslim European countries and globally.

Agama dan Marketplace : Muslim Baru Sebagai Arus Utama Dalam Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Global

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of Muslim consumers both Indonesia and globally in contributing to GDP as a whole, through the marketplace. In addition, how are the concepts and ethics used by global Muslim consumers in making purchase transactions in the marketplace. The method used is a qualitative method with a formal ontology analysis content approach from the unity of the religious and economic fields built within the realm of interconnecting and organically integrated moral, social and economic values. A phenomenological model of an integrated world view that applies to systemic concepts. The results show that there are four forms of Muslims in accepting share with marekeplace 1) rationalist 2) affective 3) apathetic 4) compromising. Meanwhile, the contribution of Muslim income to the global market sector shows that there are four main currents of Muslims in transactions, namely the creation of a new Muslim market share, 2) the middle class of Muslims, 3) the role of immigrants in forming new markets and the creation of a new Muslim road map (Muslim resegregation).

Peran Keimigrasian terhadap Penyalagunaan Izin Tinggal Warga Negara Asing di Kota Medan Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

This thesis research uses normative legal research, namely research that refers to the legal norms contained in the laws and regulations that apply as a normative footing. Immigration law regulations regarding residence permits for foreign citizens (WNA) in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic: the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration, Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 31 of 2013 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration. The role of the Immigration Office Special Class I TPI Medan in supervising the residence permit of foreign citizens (WNA) in Medan City during the Covid-19 pandemic: a. The Role of Immigration as a Structural Component, b. The Role of Immigration Oversight of Foreign Citizens (WNA) Stay Permits in Medan City During the Covid-19 Pandemic, c. The Role of Immigration as a Substance Component. d. The Role of Immigration as a Component of Culture or Legal Culture.