Ideal Role Research Articles

Redesigning the Bunaken National Park Collaborative Management Model to Actualize Sustainable Tourism Development

Bunaken National Park (BNP) was awarded the Global Winner and National Parks Category Winner in 2003 from the British Airways Tourism for Tomorrow Award for its success in implementing collaborative management (co-man). However, various recent studies actually show its ineffectiveness in managing BNP. The reasons are lack of quality conservation, the unfinished transformation of the profession of fishermen and farmers into the tourism industry, and the alienation of socio-cultural factors from the BNP management system. Using qualitative-descriptive research methods, this article aims to evaluate the implementation of the co-man model in BNP by analysing the role of actors (stakeholders) in order to actualize Sustainable Tourism Development (STD). The result is that actors have no significant role in implementing the co-man model due to the government’s dominance. This research also found goal disorientation in BNP management due to the ineffectiveness of the model. Its research questions are: how is the BNP co-man model effective in actualizing STD? What are the ideal roles of the actors and what basic prerequisites are needed for the collaboration model to operate effectively? This study urges the need for a multistakeholder approach by providing equal space for actors and placing STD as a "core business".

Helping other customers to avoid harmful brands: The role of idealism, attitude and cynicism

Background: Consumers are not always aware of how their purchase decisions may harm other humans and the environment. Green customer helping behaviours could aid in solving this problem.Aim: The study aims to develop a research model, advancing knowledge of the extent to which idealism (an ethical philosophy) may influence green attitudes and promote green customer helping behaviours that could aid other customers in avoiding harmful brands. The study further aims to gain clarity regarding the moderating role of customer helper cynicism within the proposed model.Setting: A self-administered questionnaire was fielded amongst consumers in South Africa and the United States of America (US).Method: Mplus 8.5 and PROCESS macro in RStudio were used to analyse and compare the survey data obtained from the two samples.Results: All direct relationships assessed were positive and significant for South Africa and the US samples. Varying results were uncovered between the two samples concerning the moderating role of customer helper cynicism.Conclusion: The identified model confirms the important role of idealism in influencing green customer helping behaviours, as mediated by green attitudes and moderated by customer helper cynicism.Contribution: Novel insight is provided into the contribution of ethical philosophy in promoting green customer helping behaviours. Additionally, direction is provided for the deployment of strategies that could promote green customer helping behaviours in diverse green contexts and across continents and that effectively may aid other customers in avoiding brands harmful to society.

An Appraisal of the Conduct and Character of Men in the Society: Perspectives of Yorùbá Female Novelists

In Yorùbá literature, the focus has often been on the roles, struggles and societal expectations of women. However, a notable silence exists in the exploration of men’s character. This apparent oversight exposes the prevailing patriarchal system, which has historically cast men into roles defined by fatherhood and as the head of the family. This narrative portrays men as guardians of traditions, providers and the pillars of family structures. Yet, beneath the surface lies the curiosity concerning the authenticity of these portrayals. Two questions become pertinent: one, do these depictions truly reflect the male identity, or are they just shadows cast by a societal construct designed to reinforce established norms? Two, are men truly capable of meeting the standards set for them, or are they merely being shielded from scrutiny by a narrative that perpetuates their idealized roles? Using the Feminist theory and a Sociological Approach, with narratives from fifteen selected novels authored by Yorùbá women, this study scrutinizes the narratives surrounding the portrayal of male conduct and characters in society by questioning the authenticity of the pedestal upon which men are placed and the realities that shape their lives arising from their conducts, and the character displayed. Findings from the Yorùbá female novelists’ perspectives reveal that lots of men act contrary to the assumed pattern of portrayal. Their shortcomings are unknown to society because the women in the men’s lives cover up the inadequacies of such men. These revelations confirm that the portrayal of men as superhuman beings does not truly represent their conduct and character in society.

‘I would work with a client, but I have to fill out papers’: understanding professional roles and role conflicts experienced by Lithuanian probation officers

This article aims to explore the roles that Lithuanian probation officers associate with their profession, the differences between their ideal and actual roles, and the conflicts they encounter in their daily work with probation clients. The research was conducted using both quantitative and qualitative methods, including a survey of 129 individuals and interviews with 20 probation officers. Results from the survey showed that Lithuanian probation officers tend to associate their profession with control and balancing roles. Interviews revealed that probation officers associate their ideal roles with control or resocialisation functions but accept these contrasting roles as a professional necessity. The study also found that probation officers face a high workload related to paperwork, which suggests an actual role as a bureaucrat. Nevertheless, this role is not desired by the officers and is rejected. Additionally, the study revealed that probation officers experience internal conflicts related to the different expectations of their clients and the management of the probation service. This article argues that the organisation's attitude and requirements influence the gap between the ideal and actual roles of probation officers and orient their actual roles towards bureaucratic and control functions.

Economic models as argumentative devices

ABSTRACT This article critically evaluates Itzhak Gilboa, Andrew Postlewaite, Larry Samuelson, and David Schmeidler’s account of economic models. First, it gives a selective overview of their argument, highlighting their emphasis on similarity and oversight of the role of idealizations in economics. Second, it proposes a sketch of an account of models as arguments and argumentative devices. This account not only sheds light on Gilboa et al.’s approach, including its shortcomings, but also identifies key challenges in model-based inference, suggesting a fresh perspective on the uses of models in economics for diverse objectives.

Similarities and Divergences in the Philosophical Thought of Plato, Francis Bacon, and René Descartes

The article "Similarities and Divergences in the Philosophical Thought of Plato, Francis Bacon, and René Descartes" explores the similarities and differences in the philosophical currents of these authors, focusing on their influence on modern and contemporary epistemology. It highlights the role of Platonic idealism in contemporary science through a dialectical engagement with Baconian empiricism and Cartesian rationalism. The main objective is to demonstrate the importance of Platonic idealism as an epistemological driver in the evolution of science, emphasizing the interconnections between the philosophical currents discussed. The study is a theoretical review based on a comparative analysis of classical and modern philosophical texts, utilizing a total of 14 references. The research focuses on the similarities and divergences between these philosophical currents throughout history. The most significant findings show that, although there are fundamental differences between idealism, empiricism, and rationalism, these currents converge at key points in the structuring of modern science. In particular, Platonic idealism provides a profound contribution to scientific knowledge, despite having been underestimated by the experimental method. The article concludes that Platonic idealism, along with Baconian empiricism and Cartesian rationalism, has been essential to the evolution of science. These philosophies, though divergent, have created a common foundation that has enabled the development of scientific knowledge.

Prognosis and progression of phagocytic regulatory factor-related gene combinations in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Developing signatures based on specific characteristics to predict prognosis has become a research hotspot in oncology. However, the prognostic value of phagocytosis regulators in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic significance of phagocytosis regulators in ccRCC by constructing a prognostic model related to phagocytosis regulators, and to use this model to evaluate the prognosis and treatment effects in ccRCC patients. Firstly, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) transcriptome data (RNA-Seq) and clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Based on literatures PMID 34497417 and PMID 30397336, 167 of the 173 phagocytosis regulator genes collected in the literature were expressed in TCGA-KIRC. The relationship between these regulators and macrophages was revealed through single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), and their biological and pathway involvements were further analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Univariate Cox regression analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method were employed to further select phagocytosis regulators with prognostic potential, leading to the construction of a prognostic regression model. Additionally, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to confirm the prognostic independence of genes associated with phagocytosis regulators. Finally, the relationship between phagocytosis regulator-related genes and patients' immune microenvironments and immunotherapy responses was explored. We have constructed a prognostic model of a combination of genes associated with phagocytosis regulators using LASSO Cox regression analysis of genes, and our combined model was shown to be an independent prognostic factor. The model had optimal performance in predicting long-term survival. Clinical features were significantly correlated with phagocytosis regulatory gene scores. Tumors with higher levels of grade and stage were more prone to have higher phagocytosis regulatory genes. And our study suggests that phagocytosis regulatory genes do not play an ideal role in predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients. We have constructed a prognostic model using a combination of genes associated with phagocytosis regulators, providing new insights into the prognosis and progression of ccRCC.

What is a Preschool Teacher's "Ideal Role"?

Under the background of high-quality development of preschool education, the construction of a preschool teacher team is the critical support, and the construction of the ideal role of preschool teachers is an essential means of a high-quality teacher team. Based on the perspective of kindergarten norms and system cases, this paper takes the case norms of six kindergartens in Shandong and Tianjin as the research object and uses the case study method to show the reality of the ideal role of kindergarten teachers from the perspective of kindergartens. The results show that from the perspective of kindergarten practice, the ideal role of preschool teachers is described through strict role norms, kindergarten rules, class rules, new teachers' induction education and training, rewards, and punishments. Based on the expectation, relationship, status, and behavior of the social role theory, this paper disassembles and analyzes the ideal role of preschool teachers in detail and finds that the ideal role of preschool teachers in the concrete work practice of kindergartens is bound to be restricted by various systems and norms in kindergartens, and presents a variety of ideal roles.

Haloperidol for Pain Management: A Narrative Review.

The use of haloperidol in pain management has been a topic of interest for several decades. Haloperidol is a widely used antipsychotic medication with unique pharmacologic properties that make it a potential candidate for pain management. However, the efficacy and safety of haloperidol for pain management remain controversial. This narrative review provides a summary of the current literature on the use of haloperidol for pain management, including its pharmacology, clinical effectiveness, adverse effects, and dosing regimens. We performed a comprehensive search of the literature for this review. The most robust clinical data from the past decade suggest that haloperidol has good efficacy in the treatment of pain related to gastroparesis and migraines and has shown promise for opioid use reduction in patients with chronic pain or receiving palliative care. The overall side effect profile is excellent, with zero reported events of QT-related cardiac arrest and minimal reports of sedation and transient extrapyramidal effects such as akathisia. Dosing regimens used were heterogeneous, with most ranging from 1 to 5 mg per dose via intravenous, intramuscular, or oral route. Studies with designs that isolated the effects of haloperidol from combinations of other drugs were extremely limited. Further high-quality prospective studies are needed to determine the ideal role of haloperidol in the routine clinical management of painful conditions.

THE INTERSECTION OF ESG PRINCIPLES AND CORPORATE PERFORMANCE: INSIGHTS FROM EXISTING RESEARCH

Purpose: To understand how ESG (environmental, social, and governance) practices influence staff involvement and company performance. The study seeks to provide a complete knowledge of the impact of ESG principles on many aspects of organizational performance, as well as recognize gaps in the existing literature and propose future research topics. Design/Methodology: It conducts a comprehensive literature review to investigate the impact of ethical business practices on organizational performance. The study summarizes previous research and provides theoretical frameworks to support the relation between ESG practices and company success. Furthermore, the study investigates the effects of ESG activities on employee involvement, particularly in hybrid workplaces, as well as the link between behaviour at work, sustainability principles, and psychological characteristics such as motivation and engagement. Findings: The report emphasizes the importance of ESG practices for boosting organizational performance, employee loyalty, and company reputation. It demonstrates that, while plenty of study has focused on financial results, there is still a need to investigate the exact processes via which ESG enhances worker engagement and performance. The findings demonstrate that ESG activities have a beneficial impact on staff engagement, especially in hybrid work contexts, and highlight the vital role of sustainability ideals in improving job behaviour and motivation. Practical Implications: The study offers useful information for companies looking to develop effective ESG initiatives. Companies may build more targeted and effective ESG programs if they understand the variables that drive staff engagement and organizational performance. This, in turn, can lead to greater employee dedication, improved organizational performance, and a more solid business reputation. Originality Value: This study covers a significant gap in the literature by examining the particular mechanisms and long-term consequences of ethical business practices on staff loyalty and organizational performance. It provides conceptual frameworks and concrete insights that add to the growing corpus of research on the link between ESG practices and business performance, laying the groundwork for future investigations. Paper Type: Literature Review KEY WORDS: Employment Engagement, Organizational Performance, ESG

An Appraisal of the Conduct and Character of Men in the Society: Perspectives of Yorùbá Female Novelists

In Yorùbá literature, the focus has often been on the roles, struggles and societal expectations of women. However, a notable silence exists on the exploration of men’s character. This apparent oversight exposes the prevailing patriarchal system which has historically cast men into roles defined by fatherhood and as the head of the family. This narrative portrays men as guardians of traditions, providers and the pillars of family structures. Yet, beneath the surface lies the curiousity concerning the authenticity of these portrayals. Two questions become pertinent, one; do these depictions truly reflect the male identity or are they just shadows cast by a societal construct designed to reinforce established norms? Two, are men truly capable of meeting the standards set for them or are they merely being shielded from scrutiny by a narrative that perpetuates their idealized roles? Using the Feminist theory and a Sociological Approach, with narratives from fifteen selected novels authored by Yorùbá women, this study scrutinizes the narratives surrounding the portrayal of male conduct and characters in the society by questioning the authenticity of the pedestal upon which men are placed and the realities that shape their lives arising from their conducts and the character displayed. Findings from the Yorùbá female novelists’ perspectives reveal that lots of men act contrary to the assumed pattern of portrayal. Their shortcomings are unknown to the society because the women in the men’s lives cover up the inadequacies of such men. These revelations confirm that the portrayal of men as superhuman beings does not truly represent their conduct and character in the society.

Searching for the General Science of Evidence: Venn on Probability and Induction

In this paper Venn's account of probability inference and induction is examined, tracing their differences as well as how they ‘co-operate’ in inferences from particulars to particulars. We discuss the role of mathematical idealizations in making probability inferences, the celebrated rule of succession and we delve into the nature of the reference class problem arguing that for Venn it is a common problem for both induction and inference in probability. Our approach is both historical and philosophical attempting to sketch Venn's position both in the philosophy of probability and induction of his time and in relation to the twentieth-century frequentism.

Fungsi Media Lembaga Penyiaran Publik (LPP) Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) Padang Dalam Mengedukasi Masyarakat

Public Broadcasting Institution (LPP) Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) is one of the oldest broadcasting institutions in Indonesia which functions as national radio media. Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) has a central role in providing information, entertainment for the community and education for the community. In the process of social communication, the ideal role of radio as a public medium is to accommodate as many needs and interests of its listeners as possible. Radio media has a very important role in providing education to the public. This article aims to determine the function of the Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) Padang Public Delivery Institution (LPP) media in educating the public. This research uses an interview method with several sources. The results of this research explain the function of the Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) Padang Public Delivery Institute (LPP) media in educating the public.

How spirituality affects individuals’ attitudes towards corporate social responsibility: a moderated mediation model

Research on individuals’ attitudes toward corporate social responsibility (CSR) from a micro level has increasingly emerged in recent years, yet the role of spiritual values and principles has been ignored as its antecedents in extant literature. To fill the research gap, we examine the relationship between spirituality and individual CSR attitudes and further analyze this relationship by revealing the mediating role of idealism and the moderating role of relativism. Data were gathered from a two-wave survey conducted in Pakistan and 147 questionnaires were collected. The results indicate that spirituality is positively related to CSR attitudes, and this relationship is mediated by idealism. Relativism strengthens not only the positive relationship between spirituality and idealism but also the indirect relationship between spirituality and CSR attitudes via idealism. The findings contribute to the research on the micro-foundations of CSR by taking spirituality into account. Theoretical and practical implications for future research are also discussed.

The logic of idealization in political theory

AbstractThe role of ideals and idealizations is among the most vigorously debated methodological questions in political theory. Yet, the debate seems at an impasse. This paper argues that this reflects a fundamental ambiguity over idealization's intended inferential logic: the precise way in which idealizations might yield normative knowledge. I identify two tacit understandings of idealization—a dominant “telic” understanding and a less overt “heuristic” understanding—which, though importantly different, are rarely distinguished. I argue that delineating these understandings, and shifting from telic to heuristic idealization, recasts various unresolved methodological problems for political theorists, while productively connecting their discussions to work on idealization in political science and the practice and philosophy of science more broadly. I then provide a systematic account of how idealization might be used heuristically in normative reasoning and explicate the advantages of such an approach for promoting rigorous, relevant, and inclusive methodologies in political theory.

Job content plateau and career commitment: the mediating role of developmental i-deals and the moderating role of proactive personality

PurposeGiven the detrimental effects of job content plateau, the paper aims to study the impact of job content plateau on employees’ career commitment. In doing so, the authors examine whether the lapses in job content plateau can be addressed through developmental i-deals. A final purpose is to examine whether proactive employees are better positioned to obtain work arrangements that help them develop and remain committed to their careers.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from full-time working executives employed in different organizations. These executives enrolled in a part-time MBA program. Data was collected at different time points and analyzed using the process macro (Preacher and Hayes, 2004).FindingsThe results suggest that developmental i-deals mediated the relationship between job content plateau and career commitment. In addition, proactive employees were better disposed to seal the deal and develop themselves – helping them to stay committed to their careers.Originality/valuePrior studies highlight the negative consequences of job content plateau because it does not provide avenues to learn and develop. This paper addresses the gap in locating opportunities to learn and develop (an aspect that was missing in the job content plateau) through developmental i-deals. First, the study helps answer how to address learning gaps in jobs. Second, who can capitalize on their efforts once the organization sponsors learning opportunities.

Helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in the United States

IntroductionHelicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) are used in the United States and globally to respond to patients with critical illness and victims of traumatic injury. Relatively limited research has examined their role in responding to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) in the United States. In this study, we compared OHCA treated by HEMS units with cardiac arrests treated by ground ambulances. MethodsWe queried a large national-level database of emergency medical services (EMS) activations in the United States (NEMSIS). Inclusion criteria were OHCA activations between January 1, 2022 and December 31, 2022 treated by either HEMS or ground ambulance. Key arrest data from both groups were then compared. Interfacility transfers and cardiac arrests after EMS arrival were excluded. ResultsA total of 1,233 cardiac arrests treated by HEMS and 341,096 cardiac arrests treated by ground ambulances met inclusion criteria. Comparing the two groups, cardiac arrests with HEMS response were more likely to be male (66.7% vs. 62.8%, p < 0.01), White (50.2% vs. 45.7%, p < 0.01), under 18 years old (10.9% vs. 2.7%, p < 0.001), associated with traumatic injury (19.1% vs. 5.7%, p < 0.001), witnessed (72.7% vs. 37.3%, p < 0.001), and initially-shockable (24.7% vs. 11.1%, p < 0.001). ConclusionOur comparison of cardiac arrests treated by HEMS with cardiac arrests treated by ground ambulance reveals significant differences between the two groups. Further research is needed to better characterize HEMS’ ideal role in the response to OHCA as new prehospital resuscitative techniques for non-traumatic and traumatic cardiac arrest are developed.

Building a bridge with others: Alternative patterns of the acculturation process through the eyes of immigrants and members of the receiving culture

Our study investigated the acculturation process in a new culture from the perspectives of immigrants (interviewees) and members of the receiving culture (interviewers). One hundred and seven semi-structured interviews were carried out with foreigners from 38 countries who lived in Hungary for at least a year. Using a grounded theory approach, the perspectives and feelings of the interviewers were also analysed in addition to the interview texts. The results reveal that the receiving culture shows what we call a ‘two-stage receptive attitude’, which comprises at first, closedness and later, openness towards foreigners. A binary set of attitudes as ‘traveller or guest’ was observed in immigrants; the ‘guest’ makes efforts to take the host as a complementary actor into consideration, integrating the depths of the foreign culture, while the ‘traveller’ tastes the surface of a foreign culture and collects experiences. Based on our analysis, the dual modes of the traveller and the guest are interpreted as two ideal typical role conceptions or role realisations. Our study increases awareness of the complexity of the acculturation process, as the unique design provided insights into the importance of analysing the perspectives – in addition to those of the interviewees – of the reports from members of the receiving society to add to our understanding of cross-cultural encounters. In addition to its methodological novelty, the present study contributes to the literature by providing an in-depth understanding of the “traveller versus guest” typology and, accordingly, proposing ways to investigate how these two types might function in an organisation.

Are Both I-Deals? The Mediating Role of I-Task and I-Incentive in the Relationship between Supervisor Support and Employees’ Silence and Voice

Informed by Social Exchange Theory, this study has developed a mediation model that explains the role of I-deals in the relationship between perceived supervisor support and employees’ discretionary behaviors (i.e., voice and silence). Using a sample of 140 Chile employees, results from our structural equation modeling, indicated that the relationship between supervisor support and employees’ voice (positive) and silence (negative) was mediated by task I-deals. However, we found that the relationship between supervisor support and employees’ voice (negative) was mediated by task I-incentive while this type of I-deals did not mediate the relationship between supervisor support and employees’ silence. This research expands the I-deals literature by focusing on the provision of I-deals to their subordinates and by analyzing the outcomes of incentive I-deals and task I-deals to employees’ discretionary behaviors. Supervisors and HR departments might utilize task I-deals to help facilitate desirable employee outcomes, namely more voice and less silence.

A Study Protocol to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Related to Oral Health among Nursing Students in DMIHER (DU)

Abstract Background: Nursing student’s dental health education model is aimed at orienting nursing students with oral health knowledge so that these students must be knowledgeable about dental health to implement it in their daily practices, and thus, they can play a vital part in health education and serve as the ideal role model for patients and the community. Therefore, a questionnaire-based survey is to be conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices related to oral health among nursing students in Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India. Materials and Methods: Around 440 nursing students will be participating in the questionnaire-based cross-sectional study for 2 months. The population will be taken from the nursing college of Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Sawangi Meghe, Wardha. The validated questionnaires will be circulated among the nursing students with the consent of the participation for the participants in study. After receiving the feedback of the questionnaires, the data will be observed, analyzed, and resulted. Expected Results: More than 80% is expected to have knowledge that toothbrushing prevents caries and gingival bleeding, and bleeding gum indicates gum disease. More than 90% may show a positive attitude toward the importance of oral health and considered that it is as important as other systemic health. Around 90% of students are expected to have a positive attitude toward dental floss and mouthwash helps in keeping the teeth clean. More than 90% of students are expected to brush their teeth twice daily and around 50% of students are expected to visit dental clinic regularly for routine dental checkup. Conclusion: The present study will show significant knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding oral health among nursing students. Therefore, our study’s findings might fill the void and provide a sound basis for developing evidence-based oral health reinforcement programs to reduce the discrepancy in oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices.