Role Of Human Papillomavirus Research Articles

'Does human papillomavirus (HPV) cause cancer?' - A cross-sectional study of HPV awareness among sexual minority men in Nigeria.

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers are a global concern, particularly for sexual minority men (SMM). Understanding awareness and the determinants of these beliefs is crucial for developing educational programs to reduce HPV-associated cancers. This study explored awareness and determinants of beliefs about HPV's carcinogenicity among SMM living with and without HIV in Nigeria. Methods Participants were recruited through secure social media platforms in Abuja, Nigeria. REDCap surveys captured demographics, sexual practices and participants' beliefs regarding HPV's role in cancer. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the relationships between individual characteristics and belief levels stratified by those living with and without HIV. Results Of 982 participants, the median age was 29years (interquartile range: 26-34); 64.1% were living with HIV, and 9.7% believed HPV causes cancer. Awareness was highest for anal (82.1%) and penile cancers (15.8%) and less so for oropharyngeal and female HPV-associated cancers (range: 3-7%). Anogenital warts increased the odds of awareness for SMM living with HIV (aOR: 6.4, CI: 3.0-13.6) and for individuals without HIV (aOR: 4.8, CI: 1.6-14.2). Living with HIV for over 6years was independently associated with a two-fold increased knowledge about HPV's carcinogenicity (aOR: 2.1, CI: 1.1-4.1). Conclusions Awareness of HPV's carcinogenicity was low; however, those who were aware were more likely to identify male HPV-associated cancers relevant to their own cancer risk. Formalizing targeted education in HIV care settings may promote knowledge and advocacy for prevention strategies.

Emphasizing HPV infection and the molecular processes in oral cancer development

This research examines the epidemiological features and biomolecular mechanisms contributing to developing precancerous and cancerous conditions in oral lesions associated with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Existing literature highlights HPV's role in potentially malignant oral disorders. Consequently, the underlying biomolecular processes can initiate or contribute to benign lesions and oral carcinogenesis.

Indian clinical practice consensus guidelines for the management of oropharyngeal cancer - Update 2023

ABSTRACT Oropharyngeal cancer typically presents at a nonmetastatic stage and is primarily treated with curative intent. While surgical options are available, they are often associated with significant functional and cosmetic morbidity, leading to a preference for nonsurgical modalities. The updated guidelines address the management of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in the Indian context, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. The guidelines detail diagnosis workflows, treatment protocols for early-stage and locally advanced cancers, and the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) status in guiding therapy. Special attention is given to emerging treatment deintensification strategies for HPV-associated cancers, aiming to optimize outcomes while minimizing treatment-related toxicity.

Association of human papillomavirus 16 and 18 with ovarian cancer risk: Insights from a meta‑analysis.

Ovarian cancer (OC) presents a global health challenge, with well-documented genetic aspects. However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 in OC remains unclear. The present meta-analysis assessed the prevalence of HPV in OC across 43 studies and included a comparative meta-analysis of 19 case-control studies to determine the association of HPV with OC risk. Subgroup analyses were performed based on geographic regions and histopathological types to explore heterogeneity, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and statistical tests of asymmetry. The pooled prevalence of HPV was found to be 10% (95% CI, 5-18) and 7% (95% CI, 3-15) specifically for HPV 16/18. Case-control studies indicated an odds ratio (OR) of 4.92 (95% CI, 1.96-12.53) for HPV 16/18, with higher pooled prevalence rates of 17% for all HPV genotypes and 13% for HPV 16/18. Notably, Asian countries exhibited the highest HPV prevalence and OR in OC. These findings support the involvement of HPV, particularly HPV 16 and 18, in increasing the risk of OC, emphasizing the need for further research to confirm these associations and explore potential mechanisms.

The role of human papillomavirus in laryngeal cancer and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: epidemiological and clinical aspects

In the recent decade, the number of laryngeal cancer cases increased worldwide by 23 %. Currently, laryngeal cancer morbidity and associated mortality do not show statistically significant trends toward a decrease. The main risk factors for laryngeal carcinoma are smoking, alcohol consumption, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, and genetic predisposition.Aim. To evaluate the incidence and role of HPV in etiology and clinical course of laryngeal cancer and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.Analysis of the available literature sources published in the Medline, Pubmed, and eLibrary databases was performed. The review is based on 59 of 584 identified scientific studies. Frequency of HPV detection in laryngeal cancer tumor tissue varies and is associated with the studied country’s geographical location. The incidence of these viruses in tumor tissue varies between 2.7 and 62.6 %. Genotype 16 human papilloma virus is more common in women between the ages of 31 and 40 years and is mostly located near the glottic aperture. Genotype 6 and 11 human papilloma viruses promote development of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis of the larynx and are detected in 0–87.5 % of cases. It is noted that in patients with HPV-positive neoplasms of the larynx, better response to radiation therapy and higher survival rates are observed compared to patients without the virus. In countries where national programs of vaccination against HPV infection have been implemented, a significant decrease in the incidence of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is observed.The incidence of HPV in laryngeal cancer and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis varies. The role of these viruses in carcinogenesis has not yet been fully understood. Clinical course of HPV-associated laryngeal carcinoma is more favorable than HPV-free laryngeal carcinoma, however, this statement requires further confirmation. Evaluation of the results of programs of vaccination against HPV and their effect on recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and laryngeal cancer morbidity is important.

Knowledge, and attitude of medical students about role of human papilloma virus, and vaccine in head and neck cancer

BackgroundPapilloma DNA virus which is most common sexually transmitted disease to both sexes. The infection either benign or malignant affecting head and neck region. Aim of the studyAssess the level of knowledge, and attitude, of medical students about Human Papilloma virus, vaccine, and its role in head and neck cancer development. Materials and methodsA descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted on 357 undergraduate medical students. Data were collected by online Google form researcher made questionnaires which was analyzed using SPSS 25. ResultsThere are 357 medical undergraduate students from different educational stages participated in this study. This study was shown 176 (49.3 %) of medical students agreed that smoking Tobacco are the most common causes for development oral cancer followed by viruses 98 (27.5 %), that 57.4 % of medical students reported that HPV was the main viral cause. As for the questions concerning HPV mode of transmission, almost (85.7 %) stated sexual transmission, (79.8 %) skin to skin direct contact. Most of the participants (92.2 %) agreed that primary prevention can decrease the risk of infection with HPV, and 43.4 % strongly agreed that vaccination plays an important role in HPV prevention. ConclusionsThere is a requirement within the existing curriculum and syllabus to include more education, seminars, and training courses on HPV, role in HNC, prevention, and vaccination, and mainly for students in the preclinical academic years. Application of a virtual classroom viral module or communicating workshop would likely improve knowledge and attitudes of the students for their future medical tasks.

Transcriptionally Active Human Papillomavirus Infection in a Minority of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas in North America.

The role of Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a topic of ongoing debate. This study used two screening approaches to look for evidence of HPV infection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. We initially checked for HPV infection in a randomly selected group of 53 ESCC cases. We did not detect any tumors positive for high-risk HPV. However, during clinical practice, we identified an HPV-positive ESCC in the distal esophagus, which tested positive for HPV16. This index case was TP53 wild-type, as determined by next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS). Since TP53 mutations are rare in other HPV-driven cancers, we improved our screening method by limiting our screen to a subset of ESCC cases without TP53 mutations. A second screen of 95 ESCCs (from 93 patients) sequenced by NGS revealed an additional 7 ESCCs with TP53 wild-type status (7.3% of the total). Of the 7 cases, 2 cases were found to be high-risk HPV positive. Both patients also tested positive for circulating cell-free HPV DNA and had a complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation. The index patient had microscopic residual tumor following neoadjuvant therapy. The patient underwent adjuvant immunotherapy and remained disease free after 22 months of surveillance. This study affirms the transcriptionally active status of high-risk HPV in a minority of ESCC patients in North America.

MODERN ASPECTS OF CERVICAL CANCER TREATMENT IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE

The problem of cervical cancer prevention (cervical cancer) is interdisciplinary since it can be solved only through the joint efforts of gynecologists, oncologists, virologists, and immunologists. The role of human papillomaviruses in the development of oncological processes is considered. The main emphasis is placed on the pathogenetic mechanisms of cervical cancer, where the etiotropic role of viruses is beyond doubt. the role of cellular protein p53 and hormonal factors (estrogens) in the carcinogenesis of HPV-infected cervical epithelial cells, immunological control of HPV-induced cervical cancer.

Low Detection of High-risk Human Papilloma Virus in Individuals with Ameloblastoma in a Tertiary Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria.

Ameloblastoma is a benign but aggressive epithelial odontogenic neoplasm of unknown etiology. The role of human papilloma virus (HPV) in the etiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma has prompted the investigation of HPV as an etiologic factor in ameloblastoma. This study aimed to determine the frequency of high-risk (HR) HPV in conventional ameloblastoma and the clinical parameters associated with infection. The study was approved by the ethical review boards of the institution. DNA was extracted from fresh tissue collected 750 μL of DNA/RNA Shield (Zymo Research, United States) using Invitrogen PureLink Viral RNA/DNA Mini Kit (Invitrogen, USA). The extracted DNA was assayed for the detection of 14 HR HPV types (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68) using Anyplex™ II HPV HR Detection kit (Cat. No. HP7E00X) (Seegene Inc., Republic of Korea) on CFX-96TM Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) System (Bio-Rad). Data on gender, age of patient, site of lesion, clinicohistological types of ameloblastoma and history of smoking, alcohol consumption, and practice of oral sex were collected. Data analysis was performed using analysis program SPSS version 25 and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Two cases of conventional ameloblastoma were positive with HPV and none of the ameloblastic carcinoma cases were positive. The HPV 16 serotype was observed in both cases. While 5 of the cases had a history of alcohol consumption, none of these cases were positive for HPV serotype. HPV 16 positivity was detected in two cases of conventional ameloblastomas and none in ameloblastic carcinoma using real-time PCR. There was no effect of exposure to smoking, alcohol consumption, and practice of oral sex and HPV in the etiology of ameloblastoma. Data available are suggestive of a limited role of HPV in the etiology of ameloblastoma.

HPV testing as an effective triage strategy in the follow-up after fertility-sparing treatment for glandular lesions of the uterine cervix

ObjectiveThe management and surveillance of glandular pre-cancerous lesions of the uterine cervix present distinct challenges compared with squamous lesions, primarily attributed to the lower effectiveness of diagnostic methods such as...

Establishing a causal link between the human papilloma virus and oral fibromas

Fibroma, a benign tumour of fibrous connective tissue, can be seen as a reactive connective tissue hyperplasia in response to trauma and irritation. They typically have a firm consistency, are nodular and asymptomatic, have a colour that is similar to the mucosa, a sessile base, a smooth surface, and are situated in the buccal mucosa along the line of occlusion, tongue, and lip mucosa. We retrospectively investigated total 79 cases and intriguingly, 41 cases were not associated with any history or clinical evidence of chronic trauma of dental origin suggesting different pathogenesis mechanism. Out of 79 cases of oral fibroma, 18 showed evidence of koilocytes in the overlying epithelium with 14 cases not associated with history of any trauma. This might suggest the cause and effect relationship between HPV and oral fibromas, however, the possibility of secondary infection in already existing fibroma can be considered. This intriguing finding prompt us to propose a novel hypothesis explaining the role of human papilloma virus in the pathogenesis of fibroma.

Correlation between sampling site and prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) in patients with oral cancer referred to Shiraz, Iran

AbstractIntroductionCancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity in which there is a poor prognosis. Viruses, including human papillomavirus (HPV) play an important role in the etiology of this cancer.MethodsThis case–control study enrolled 100 individuals with diagnosed oral cancer in the case group and an equivalent number of 100 healthy individuals in the control group. Over the course of 1 year, samples were collected from Khalili Hospital in Shiraz, Iran. Tissue specimens were procured from diverse oral regions, with specimens from the healthy group exclusively sourced from the tonsillar area. Patient inclusion criteria involved manifestations like oral swelling, facial pain, tongue abnormalities, tongue paralysis, and tumors or swellings in the inner lip, gums, or chin. A questionnaire facilitated the collection of demographic data, covering variables such as age and gender. The subjects had a mean age of 53.66 ± 1.38 years, with a gender distribution of 70 individuals (34%) female and 130 (65%) males. Tissue specimens underwent molecular analysis using Nested‐PCR to detect HPV presence.ResultsAnalysis unveiled HPV identification in two cases within the control group and 14 cases within the case group, revealing a statistically significant disparity (p value = 0.008) which may be correlated to incidence of OSCC within the case group. Further exploration disclosed a predilection for HPV localization in the tongue, followed by the laryngeal region. A significant association was established between the sampling site and HPV incidence (p = 0.004).ConclusionThis investigation unveiled a compelling connection between the site of sampling and HPV infection, a phenomenon pronounced particularly among individuals grappling with oral cancer. This underscores potential relationship between the site of sampling and HPV infection within the context of oral carcinoma. The findings of this study underscore HPV's role as a significant risk factor in the initiation of oral cancer in individuals. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge that additional factors, including age and gender, also contribute to this intricate process.

The Role of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in Primary Lung Cancer Development: State of the Art and Future Perspectives.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Notably, the incidence of lung cancer among never-smokers, predominantly women, has been rising in recent years. Among the various implicated risk factors, human papilloma virus (HPV) may play a role in the development of NSCLC in a certain subset of patients. The prevalence of high-risk HPV-DNA within human neoplastic lung cells varies across the world; however, the carcinogenetic role of HPV in NSCLC has not been completely understood. Bloodstream could be one of the routes of transmission from infected sites to the lungs, along with oral (through unprotected oral sex) and airborne transmission. Previous studies reported an elevated risk of NSCLC in patients with prior HPV-related tumors, such as cervical, laryngeal, or oropharyngeal cancer, with better prognosis for HPV-positive lung cancers compared to negative forms. On the other hand, 16% of NSCLC patients present circulating HPV-DNA in peripheral blood along with miRNAs expression. Typically, these patients have a poorly differentiated NSCLC, often diagnosed at an advanced stage. However, HPV-positive lung cancers seem to have a better response to target therapies (EGFR) and immune checkpoint inhibitors and show an increased sensitivity to platinum-based treatments. This review summarizes the current evidence regarding the role of HPV in NSCLC development, especially among patients with a history of HPV-related cancers. It also examines the diagnostic and prognostic significance of HPV, investigating new future perspectives to enhance cancer screening, diagnostic protocols, and the development of more targeted therapies tailored to specific cohorts of NSCLC patients with confirmed HPV infection.

Role of Human Papillomavirus in Carcinogenesis

Since a decade ago, it has been observed that the incidence of cancers caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) has seen an uptick, making it a point of concern from the public health perspective. Numerous cancers, including oral and cervical cancers, have been linked to HPV. HPV is carcinogenic due to its ability to induce abnormal expression of several genes, including nuclear factor-kappa B, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, p16, p53, RB1 and some microRNA genes. Early cancer treatment involves identifying the up- or downregulation of various factors using techniques including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcriptase PCR, p16 immunostaining and in situ hybridisation. The virus achieves its breakthrough by taking advantage of various types of cellular enzymes, enzymatic activities and their association or disassociation with other factors in order to up/downregulate enzyme levels. The methods used for screening and detection still need to have high sensitivity and high accuracy because the amount of factors showing change is remarkably minute. Vaccines can remarkably reduce the risk of HPV infection when administered as directed and in the recommended number of doses.

The role of papillomavirus and herpesvirus infections in the origins and genesis of genital endometriosis. A literature review

Endometriosis is a chronic multifactorial disease that affects one in ten women of reproductive age. Genetic, endocrine and immunological factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have been devoted to the role of vaginal microbiota in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. However, the role of viral infections, such as papillomavirus and herpesvirus infections, in the development of the disease has not been sufficiently studied. The review highlights current ideas about the role of human papillomavirus and herpesvirus infections in the genesis of endometriosis. The data obtained have convinced us of the need to further search for new relationships between papillomavirus and herpesvirus infections, microbiota of reproductive organs and pathogenesis of such a complicated disease as endometriosis.

Role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cancers.

Role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cancers.

Role of the Microbiota in Skin Neoplasms: New Therapeutic Horizons.

The skin and the gut are regularly colonized by a variety of microorganisms capable of interacting with the immune system through their metabolites and influencing the balance between immune tolerance and inflammation. Alterations in the composition and diversity of the skin microbiota have been described in various cutaneous diseases, including skin cancer, and the actual function of the human microbiota in skin carcinogenesis, such as in progression and metastasis, is currently an active area of research. The role of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma is well consolidated, especially in chronically immunosuppressed patients. Furthermore, an imbalance between Staphylococcus spp., such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and aureus, has been found to be strongly related to the progression from actinic keratosis to squamous cell carcinoma and differently associated with various stages of the diseases in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients. Also, in melanoma patients, differences in microbiota have been related to dissimilar disease course and prognosis and may affect the effectiveness and tolerability of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which currently represent one of the best chances of a cure. From this point of view, acting on microbiota can be considered a possible therapeutic option for patients with advanced skin cancers, even if several issues are still open.

Role of Human Papilloma Virus 16/18 In Laryngeal Carcinoma with Correlation to the Expression of Cyclin D1, p53, p16 and EGFR.

To investigate the role of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) (16/18) in relation to the molecular genetic mechanisms of Cyclin D1, p53, p16, and Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSSC). A cross-sectional study of 88 (Formalin-fixed Paraffin Embedded) FFPE laryngeal biopsies were done at Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Centre, Karachi from 2010 to 2019 with the application of Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HPV 16/18and Immuno-histochemical staining for molecular genetic expression of proteins, Cyclin D1, p53, p16, and EGFR. Out of 88 cases of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSSC) there was female preponderance. Mean age of the participants was found as 50.7±12.8 years. High risk HPV 16/18 was positive in 28 cases (31.8%), largely related to Grade-II and Grade-III. Immunohistochemically, Cyclin D1 (87.5%) appeared as the most important driver mutation followed by p16 (86.4%), EGFR (65.9%), and, p53 was positive in (61.4%) of cases. The role of high-risk HPV 16/18 is concurred in the present study strongly in correlation to p16 as a surrogate marker. Moreover, the other driver mutations of Cyclin D1, p53, and EGFR are also implicated as cumulative molecular events in tumor progression as mostly seen in higher Grades.

Role of human papillomavirus and associated viruses in bladder cancer: An updated review.

Bladder cancer (BC) is a complex disease affecting the urinary system and is regulated by several carcinogenic factors. Viral infection is one such factor that has attracted extensive attention in BC. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection, and although multiple researchers have explored the role of HPV in BC, a consensus has not yet been reached. In addition, HPV-associated viruses (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus, BK virus, and JC virus) appear to be responsible for the occurrence and progression of BC. This study systematically reviews the relationship between HPV-associated viruses and BC to elucidate the role of these viruses in the onset and progression of BC. In addition, the study aims to provide a greater insight into the biology of HPV-associated viruses, and assess potential strategies for treating virus-induced BC. The study additionally focuses on the rapid development of oncolytic viruses that provide a potentially novel option for the treatment of BC.

The roles of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) test awareness and knowledge in HPV vaccination initiation and completion among college students in the Deep South of the United States: applying the Andersen’s Behavioral Model

ABSTRACT Human papillomavirus (HPV) has the highest prevalence of all sexually transmitted infections in the United States (U.S.). Despite the effectiveness in preventing HPV-related cancers, HPV vaccination rates were still low among young adults. Thus, this study aimed to (1) investigate HPV vaccination initiation and completion rates among college students, (2) examine relevant factors associated with HPV vaccine initiation and completion. A convenient sample of 327 college students was recruited from universities in the Deep South of the U.S. via online surveys. Logistic regressions were conducted to examine factors associated with HPV vaccination initiation and completion. About 54% of participants in the current study initiated HPV vaccination, and most of the participants who initiated the vaccination completed the series (52%). Participants who were female (odds ratio [OR] = 3.01, confidence interval [CI] = 1.38 to 6.58; OR = 2.28, CI = 1.07 to 4.85), aware of the HPV tests (OR = 16.53, CI = 5.60 to 48.83; OR = 7.36, CI = 2.99 to 18.13), and aware that ‘men should have HPV vaccination’ (OR = 2.33, CI = 1.07 to 5.09; OR = 3.27, CI = 1.50 to 7.12) were more likely to initiate the HPV vaccination and complete the vaccine series. The finding that only half of the students initiated and completed the HPV vaccine series indicates that further studies and intervention strategies are needed. Particular attention should be focused on college student populations who are male and with little HPV health knowledge.