Role Of Heredity Research Articles

The Role of Heredity and the Prevalence of Strabismus in Families with Accommodative, Partial Accommodative, and Infantile Esotropia

Objectives:To investigate the prevalence of strabismus in families of a proband with accommodative, partial accommodative, or infantile esotropia (IET), and to evaluate the mode of inheritance and the role of consanguineous marriages in this prevalence.Materials and Methods:Families of probands with comitant strabismus were invited to participate in the study. The family members of 139 subjects with accommodative esotropia (AET), 55 with partial accommodative esotropia (PAET), and 21 with IET agreed to participate. Detailed family trees were constructed. The first- and second-degree relatives were invited for a complete ophthalmological examination, and 518 individuals from 168 families were evaluated. The role of consanguinity, the presence of tropia, phoria (≥8 PD), microtropia, and hypermetropia (≥3.00 D) among first- and second-degree relatives were analyzed.Results:A non-Mendelian pattern was found in 49 families (23%), an autosomal dominant pattern in 39 families (18%), and an autosomal recessive pattern in 6 families (3%). The prevalence of consanguineous marriages among parents of probands was 18.1%, 22.6%, and 14.3% in the AET, PAET, and IET groups, respectively (p=0.652). The prevalence of strabismus in first-degree relatives was 58.9%, 45.5%, and 38.1%, respectively (p=0.07). The prevalence of microtropia in probands’ siblings was significantly higher in the AET group (p=0.034).Conclusion:Sporadic cases and non-Mendelian inheritance were more frequent than autosomal recessive inheritance. Autosomal recessive inheritance was found not to be frequent in consanguineous marriages. The prevalence of strabismus and microtropia was significantly higher in families of esotropia cases than in the general population.

The Association between a Genetic Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of the CYP17 Gene and Sebum Level on Acne Vulgaris

Introduction: Generally Acne vulgaris (AV) is considered as a multifactorial disease, and many arguments have been raised on the role of heredity in the etiology of acne, the relevant genetic elements in the pathogenesis of the disease are not well established. Objective: aim of our study was to explore the association between a genetic polymorphism in the promoter region of the CYP17 gene and sebum level on mild and severe the development of acne patients. Methods: There were total 43 samples, consisted of 22 severe AV and 21 mild AV patients. sebum level were measured using Sebumeter. Blood samples were taken from all patients as much as 1 µL. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Sequencing (PCR- sequencing) was used to detect existence of CYP17 gene polymorphism, genome group was observed and the results of the genotype and allele frequencies were compared with sebum level. genotype distribution group was compared with previous researches. Results: Proportion of T gene CYP17 allele frequency is higher than alel C, indicated that T gene CYP17 allele may serve as a risk factor for severe AV cases in Makassar. genotype frequency towards increase of sebum level revealed that TC is two times larger than TT genotype and five times larger than CC genotype. Conclusion: study shows that polymorphisms of CYP 17 gene and the interaction polimorphisms of CYP 17 gene was considered as a risk factor for higher sebum level. How to Cite this Article Pubmed Style Evi Mustikawati Arifin, Syafruddin Amin, Anis Irawan Anwar, Budu, Burhanuddin Bahar, Muh. Nasrum Massi, Huldani, Sri Ramadhany, Marhamah F. Singgih. Association between a Genetic Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of the CYP17 Gene and Sebum Level on Acne Vulgaris. SRP. 2020; 11(5): 288-292. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.42 Web Style Evi Mustikawati Arifin, Syafruddin Amin, Anis Irawan Anwar, Budu, Burhanuddin Bahar, Muh. Nasrum Massi, Huldani, Sri Ramadhany, Marhamah F. Singgih. Association between a Genetic Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of the CYP17 Gene and Sebum Level on Acne Vulgaris. http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=108718 [Access: March 29, 2021]. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.42 AMA (American Medical Association) Style Evi Mustikawati Arifin, Syafruddin Amin, Anis Irawan Anwar, Budu, Burhanuddin Bahar, Muh. Nasrum Massi, Huldani, Sri Ramadhany, Marhamah F. Singgih. Association between a Genetic Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of the CYP17 Gene and Sebum Level on Acne Vulgaris. SRP. 2020; 11(5): 288-292. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.42 Vancouver/ICMJE Style Evi Mustikawati Arifin, Syafruddin Amin, Anis Irawan Anwar, Budu, Burhanuddin Bahar, Muh. Nasrum Massi, Huldani, Sri Ramadhany, Marhamah F. Singgih. Association between a Genetic Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of the CYP17 Gene and Sebum Level on Acne Vulgaris. SRP. (2020), [cited March 29, 2021]; 11(5): 288-292. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.42 Harvard Style Evi Mustikawati Arifin, Syafruddin Amin, Anis Irawan Anwar, Budu, Burhanuddin Bahar, Muh. Nasrum Massi, Huldani, Sri Ramadhany, Marhamah F. Singgih (2020) Association between a Genetic Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of the CYP17 Gene and Sebum Level on Acne Vulgaris. SRP, 11 (5), 288-292. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.42 Turabian Style Evi Mustikawati Arifin, Syafruddin Amin, Anis Irawan Anwar, Budu, Burhanuddin Bahar, Muh. Nasrum Massi, Huldani, Sri Ramadhany, Marhamah F. Singgih. 2020. Association between a Genetic Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of the CYP17 Gene and Sebum Level on Acne Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (5), 288-292. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.42 Chicago Style Evi Mustikawati Arifin, Syafruddin Amin, Anis Irawan Anwar, Budu, Burhanuddin Bahar, Muh. Nasrum Massi, Huldani, Sri Ramadhany, Marhamah F. Singgih. The Association between a Genetic Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of the CYP17 Gene and Sebum Level on Acne Vulgaris. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11 (2020), 288-292. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.42 MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style Evi Mustikawati Arifin, Syafruddin Amin, Anis Irawan Anwar, Budu, Burhanuddin Bahar, Muh. Nasrum Massi, Huldani, Sri Ramadhany, Marhamah F. Singgih. The Association between a Genetic Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of the CYP17 Gene and Sebum Level on Acne Vulgaris. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11.5 (2020), 288-292. Print. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.42 APA (American Psychological Association) Style Evi Mustikawati Arifin, Syafruddin Amin, Anis Irawan Anwar, Budu, Burhanuddin Bahar, Muh. Nasrum Massi, Huldani, Sri Ramadhany, Marhamah F. Singgih (2020) Association between a Genetic Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of the CYP17 Gene and Sebum Level on Acne Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (5), 288-292. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.42

Parenting issues in educating children with adhd in the contex of inclusive education in Ukraine

The article deals with the most common mental disorders of children in Ukraine in the context of the current international classification. The role of heredity in the etiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is noted. The issue of appropriate family upbringing for the purpose of full inclusion of the child with ADHD is raised. The progress of parents of children with ADHD in the process of family education with the support of non-governmental organizations is analyzed.

Do phase-dependent life history traits in cyclic voles persist in a common environment?

Phenotype and life history traits of an individual are a product of environmental conditions and the genome. Environment can be current or past, which complicates the distinction between environmental and heritable effects on the phenotype in wild animals. We studied genome–environment interactions on phenotype and life history traits by transplanting bank voles (Myodes glareolus) from northern and southern populations, originating from low or high population cycle phases, to common garden conditions in large outdoor enclosures. The first experiment focused on the persistence of body traits in autumn-captured overwintering populations. The second experiment focused on population growth and body traits in spring-captured founder voles and F1 generation. This experiment lasted the breeding season and subsequent winter. We verified phase-dependent differences in body size at capture. In the common environment, adult voles kept their original body size differences both over winter and during the breeding season. In addition, the first generation born in the common environment kept the size distribution of their parent population. The increase phase population maintained a more rapid growth potential, while populations from the decline phase of the cycle grew slower. After winter, the F1 generation of the increasing northern population matured later than the F1 of the southern declining ones. Our results suggest a strong role of heredity or early life conditions, greater than that of current juvenile and adult environmental conditions. Environmental conditions experienced by the parents in their early life can have inter-generational effects that manifest in offspring performance.

A GENETIC STUDY OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY BASED ON CLINICAL AND GENEALOGICAL METHOD

Relevance. Practically 10-15 % of the world's population has varicose veins as a manifestation of chronic venous insufficiency. The clinical and genealogical method is the method allows to identify family cases of disease in patients with chronic venous insufficiency.
 Objective: to demonstrate the role of heredity in varicose disease, to analyze family cases of varicose disease, to determine the type of disease inheritance and to give a prediction of heredity for descendants, using the clinical and genealogical method.
 Materials and methods. The study involved 72 patients, mostly women – 46 (63.9 %) persons, with different classes of varicose veins according to the CEAP classification. To determine the type of inheritance we used clinical and genealogical method of pedigrees’ study. The nature of the trait – hereditary or non-hereditary disease; type of the inheritance – autosomal-dominant, autosomal-recessive, sex-linked, were defined.
 Results. The family nature of the varicose disease was revealed in 17 (23 %) of the 72 examined patients. The autosomal-dominant type of inheritance was determined. There is direct inheritance across generations.
 Conclusions. We determined the family nature of the disease inheritance, with the autosomal-dominant type of inheritance with a high degree of gene expression. In these families there is a high risk of the birth of the children who will have chronic venous insufficiency.

A GENETIC STUDY OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY BASED ON CLINICAL AND GENEALOGICAL METHOD

Relevance. Practically 10-15 % of the world's population has varicose veins as a manifestation of chronic venous insufficiency. The clinical and genealogical method is the method allows to identify family cases of disease in patients with chronic venous insufficiency.
 Objective: to demonstrate the role of heredity in varicose disease, to analyze family cases of varicose disease, to determine the type of disease inheritance and to give a prediction of heredity for descendants, using the clinical and genealogical method.
 Materials and methods. The study involved 72 patients, mostly women – 46 (63.9 %) persons, with different classes of varicose veins according to the CEAP classification. To determine the type of inheritance we used clinical and genealogical method of pedigrees’ study. The nature of the trait – hereditary or non-hereditary disease; type of the inheritance – autosomal-dominant, autosomal-recessive, sex-linked, were defined.
 Results. The family nature of the varicose disease was revealed in 17 (23 %) of the 72 examined patients. The autosomal-dominant type of inheritance was determined. There is direct inheritance across generations.
 Conclusions. We determined the family nature of the disease inheritance, with the autosomal-dominant type of inheritance with a high degree of gene expression. In these families there is a high risk of the birth of the children who will have chronic venous insufficiency.

Jean-Martin Charcot's lessons on Parkinson's disease

James Parkinson's 1817 seminal article was unknown in France until 1861, when Jean-Martin Charcot and his friend Alfred Vulpian published the first clinical description in French of paralysis agitans . The pedagogical aims of this work are evident in its organization. The first chapter, “Symptoms, progression, prognosis” is a detailed discussion of shaking, “the feeling of muscular rigidity”, “irresistible propulsion” and slowness of speech despite “very clear and accurate comprehension”. However, “later on, generally the psychic faculties decline significantly”. The prognosis “is very sad” due to “weakening and, above all, loss of mobility resulting from paralysis, as well as deterioration of the memory and intelligence (which) demonstrates that damage caused by the disease is increasingly profound”. In 1868, Desire-Magloire Bourneville (1840–1909) transcribed, in the Gazette des Hopitaux civils et militaires, Charcot's lesson on the differential diagnoses of paralysis agitans and multiple sclerosis , later republished in Charcot's lessons book in 1872. From his earliest days at La Salpetriere and throughout his career, Charcot delegated some of his work to successive internes and his favorite students. Their theses, whether or not he was part of the defence jury, always gave an overview of the Master's research, who used that practice to disseminate his own discoveries. For example, Leopold Ordenstein (1835–1902) defended his thesis, “Sur la paralysie agitante et la sclerose en plaques generalisee”, on 17 December 1867. As Charcot himself recalled, “If I am not mistaken, I indicated the delineation between these two conditions for the first time, as noted in the thesis of Mr. Ordenstein”. Albert Boucher (1852–?) defended his own thesis, entitled “Parkinson's disease (paralysis agitans), in particular its mild form”, on 28 February 1877. Through this work, Charcot wanted to make non-shaking forms more widely known: Boucher insisted on “rigidity” and on Charcot's intelligent addition of this clinical sign that Parkinson had overlooked. For Charcot, by the beginning of the 1880s, the clinical signs for diagnosing Parkinson's disease, its various presentations and different patterns of progression were considered established. However, the causes of the disease remained unknown. The results of pathological–anatomical examinations were contradictory, and none of them were convincing. Charcot asked two of his externes (medical students), Paul-Desire Leroux (1851–?) in 1880, then Gaston Lhirondel (1855–?) three years later, to compile observations from the Clinic of Nervous Diseases to demonstrate the role of heredity . As Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) wrote in a posthumous homage: “It will undoubtedly soon be necessary to review and correct the aetiological theories defended by Charcot in his doctrine of the neuropathic family and on which he founded his global understanding of nervous diseases. Charcot so overestimated the aetiological role of heredity that no place remained for other neuropathic aetiologies”. During the 31 January 1888 lesson, Charcot presented a portrait of the patient referred to as “Bachere, aged 31“, which was his own drawing of the inexpressive facies of Bachere to emphasize to his audience the characteristic hypomimia and to show how to distinguish contractions of paralysis agitans from those of hemiplegia . However, there is no doubt that Paul Richer (1849–1933) was the interne who did the most to help Charcot develop the visual teaching materials that enriched his lessons and publications. As part of the work completed in December 1888 for La Nouvelle Iconographie de La Salpetriere, Richer made his own drawings of Bachere to illustrate “what could be called the artistic side of Parkinson's disease”. He emphasized the facial expression, which he wanted to depict as accurately as possible: “The raised eyebrows and the exclusively transversal wrinkles make the expression one of surprise […] Between this forehead, expressive or wrinkled transversely and vertically, and the rest of the impassive face, we have the fixed and immobile eyes that are wide open, with a near absence of blinking; these are the fundamental elements of this strange and striking mask”. The master also gave Richer the idea to make a statue of a patient affected with the disease ( Fig. 1 ). Charcot died on 16 August 1893 and never saw the statue, which Richer did not finish until 1895. It was Charcot's successor, Fulgence Raymond (1844–1910), who used the statue for his lessons. Richer was able to render with amazing precision how “the brachioradialis [long supinator] of the forearm protrudes in a characteristic way. In the normal state, this muscle is never observed to contract for simple elbow flexion . Its rope-like, visual protrusion is almost important enough to be pathognomonic”. This historical overview of Charcot's isolation of Parkinson's disease not only demonstrates his clinical skills, but also shows the many ways in which he excelled as a teacher.

ГЕНОТИПОВІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ПОЛІПОЗНИМ РИНОСИНУСИТОМ

Клінічні особливості поліпозного риносинуситу відповідають характеристикам полігенних (мультифакторних) захворювань. Це наводить на думку про роль спадковості у формуванні захворювання та необхідності детального вивчення генетичного фактора у формуванні різних клінічних варіантів поліпозу.Мета дослідження – визначити роль спадкової схильності та ступеня порушення функціонального стану геному епітеліальних клітин слизової оболонки порожнини носа у пацієнтів із різними клініко-патогенетичними формами поліпозного риносинуситу.Матеріали і методи. У статті наведено результати клініко-генеалогічного аналізу 290 пацієнтів із поліпозним риносинуситом. Цитогенетичне дослідження проведено 70 пацієнтам із різними типами поліпозного риносинуситу, в яких верифіковано спадкову схильність до захворювання.Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Визначено спадкову схильність до поліпозного риносинуситу в 48,28 % хворих: 89,36 % у пацієнтів з аспіринзалежним, 64,38 % – гіпер-Ig E-асоційованим та 7,32 % залежним від порушення архітектоніки порожнини носа характером патології. Виявлено достовірні відмінності у кількісних характеристиках функціонального стану геному назальних епітеліоцитів у пацієнтів з аспіринасоційованим поліпозним риносинуситом, порівняно з алергічним, і контрольною групою за критерієм індексів хроматизації, ядерцевого, гетеропікнотичної Х-хромосоми і патологічно змінених ядер.Висновки. Виявлені зміни свідчать про зниження активності транскрипційно-трансляційних процесів при аспіринасоційованому поліпозному риносинуситі. Вивчені зміни показників функціонального стану геному епітеліоцитів слизової оболонки порожнини носа слугують об’єктивним підтвердженням гіпотези про епігенетичний характер формування патології.

Health beliefs of school-age rural children in podoconiosis-affected families: A qualitative study in Southern Ethiopia.

BackgroundSeveral studies have suggested investigation of health beliefs in children to be an important pre-condition for primary prevention of disease. However, little effort has been made to understand these in the context of podoconiosis. This study therefore aimed to explore the health beliefs of school-age rural children in podoconiosis-affected families.Methodology/Principal findingsA cross sectional qualitative study was conducted in March 2016 in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs), with a total of one hundred seventeen 9 to15-year-old children recruited from podoconiosis affected families. The study revealed various misconceptions regarding risk factors for podoconiosis. Most children believed barefoot exposure to dew, worms, snake bite, frog urine, other forms of poison, and contact with affected people to be major causes of the disease. Their knowledge about the role of heredity and that of long term barefoot exposure to irritant mineral particles was also weak. Though most participants correctly appraised their susceptibility to podoconiosis in relation to regular use of footwear and foot hygiene, others based their risk perceptions on factors they think beyond their control. They described several barriers to preventive behaviour, including uncomfortable footwear, shortage and poor adaptability of footwear for farm activities and sports, and shortage of soap for washing. Children also perceived low self-efficacy to practice preventive behaviour in spite of the barriers.Conclusion/SignificanceHealth education interventions may enhance school-age children’s health literacy and be translated to preventive action. Overcoming practical challenges such as shortage of footwear and other hygiene facilities requires other forms of interventions such as livelihood strengthening activities. Linking podoconiosis-affected families with local governmental or non-governmental organizations providing socio-economic support for households may assist school-age children in those families to sustainably engage in preventive behaviours.

Relative role of heredity or training for music perception in children

The effect of familial inheritance and/or environment on human behaviour has long been investigated. In the area of auditory processing, researchers have demonstrated the relative role of heredity or training in music perception for children, but both the factors were seldom been investigated simultaneously. The present study aimed to identify the factors important for music perception in children. Young children (age = 5–7 years) were selected and divided into four groups. First group of children had familial inheritance of music and also received formal music training. The second and third group had either familial inheritance of music or received music training, respectively, whereas the last group had neither of the two advantages. Tests including melody mistuning detection, timbre change detection, pitch discrimination and pitch change detection were administered. Results revealed that both familial inheritance of music expertise and music training significantly improves the music perception abilities. These findings were discussed in terms of relative role of both heredity and music training in the music perception in children. This information may be helpful designing therapeutic protocol for children with auditory processing disorders and in understanding the perceptual processes underlying music perception in children.

Осевая прогрессирующая миопия: современные аспекты этиопатогенеза

In recent decades the numerous new information was accumulated in the field of the etiology and pathogenesis of axial progressive myopia. This article presents both the well- and little-known theories of the etiopathogenesis of this pathology. The analysis of the world scientific literature resulted in important evidence for the role of heredity, morphology of the sclera, the state of hemodynamics of the eye and other factors in the development of progressive axial myopia. In addition to results of the experimental research on study of key mechanisms in the development of axial progressive myopia the article gives confirming clinical cases. The aim of the publication is to draw attention to the problem of specialists studying etiopathogenesis of axial progressive myopia by methods of fundamental science which will bring the creation of effective pathogenetic methods to prevent the disease.

The role of heredity and gene G308A polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor alpha in children with bronchial asthma

The role of heredity and gene G308A polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor alpha in children with bronchial asthma

Preventon of childhood diabetes in school environment: awareness of families

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes is the most common metabolic disease in school-age children. The families of these children need information about the specifics of the disease. Given the incidence rate of the disease on one hand, and factors such as the trend for unhealthy eating habits in children and the decrease in physical activity, on the other, prevention should play a key role when working with parents. This could be of great importance for the decrease of the morbidity rate. Thus, support for the parents by healthcare professionals would be appropriate in the school environment. AIM: To assess the knowledge of families about diabetes in school-age children, and to promote the prevention and prophylaxis of the disease with the involvement of nurses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey has been conducted amongst parents of school children. The level of awareness about the disease and the needs of the families have been assessed. RESULTS: Families are not always educated well enough about diet (68%), physical activity (43%), and the role of heredity (48%) as a factor in the development of diabetes. The most trusted healthcare professionals are usually the school nurse, the family physician and the psychologist. CONCLUSION: The support with regard to prevention of diabetes would facilitate the families and will aid in improving the lifestyle of school-age children. The data from our study reveal the level of awareness of families regarding diabetes in school environment and stimulate support to prevent the disease.

Система спортивного отбора в триатлоне

Vodlozyorov V. Purpose: to analyze the contents of the main stages of sports selection of triathletes. Material & Methods: study and generalization of special literature on the issue of sports selection in continuous triathlon, analysis of triathletes selection based on normative documents. Results: there were reviewed the particularities of sports selection of triathletes on each of its main stages and the role of heredity as a necessary condition for practicing sports for endurance, and also there was shown the procedure of calculation of rating points. Conclusions: sports selection plays a key role in the admission of pupils to the departments of triathlon in sports schools as well as in the formation of picked teams of all levels for participation in competitions on continuous triathlon.

To Cheat or Not To Cheat: Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 SNP Variants Contribute to Dishonest Behavior.

Although, lying (bear false witness) is explicitly prohibited in the Decalogue and a focus of interest in philosophy and theology, more recently the behavioral and neural mechanisms of deception are gaining increasing attention from diverse fields especially economics, psychology, and neuroscience. Despite the considerable role of heredity in explaining individual differences in deceptive behavior, few studies have investigated which specific genes contribute to the heterogeneity of lying behavior across individuals. Also, little is known concerning which specific neurotransmitter pathways underlie deception. Toward addressing these two key questions, we implemented a neurogenetic strategy and modeled deception by an incentivized die-under-cup task in a laboratory setting. The results of this exploratory study provide provisional evidence that SNP variants across the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) gene, that encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of brain serotonin, contribute to individual differences in deceptive behavior.

Bilateral Ureteroceles Along With Horseshoe Kidney in an Adult: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Introduction: Coexistence of horseshoe kidney and ureterocele abnormalities in one patient is a complex and rare condition. The role of heredity in this disease has not yet been proven. Moreover, its diagnosis requires various paraclinical methods. Case Presentation: A middle-aged male was known to have horseshoe kidney, bilateral ureteroceles and a stone, 1 cm in diameter, in his right ureter. He also had severe hydronephrosis in his left kidney, whereas mild hydronephrosis was detected in his right kidney. Unlike other similar cases, we performed a transverse incision on the ureterocele with no surgery on the horseshoe kidney. Similar cases to date have been treated with partial nephrectomy. Urinary complications and flank pain did not occur during the one-year follow up. Conclusions: Precise evaluation of patients with one renal abnormality could lead to detection of other associated anomalies. Application of minimally invasive procedures such as ureteroscopic incision is highly recommended in ureterocele treatment.

Особенности формирования свойств, признаков и качеств человека политического: биополитическая интерпретация

This article discusses the biopolitical studies of human behavior on the basis of genetic and environmental determination of its biosocial characteristics, examines the role of heredity and environmental conditions, with emphasis on the fact that human behavior is formed as a result of their combined influence, complicated interaction and interference of genes and environment. Particular attention is given to the process of political socialization of the individual and the phenomena of tolerance / intolerance, as a product of social interaction. It is emphasized that the political socialization of the person is a bivalent, bidirectional process of influence of the state and society to the individual in order to integrate him into the existing system of political relations, conscious perception by the individual political norms, values, attitudes. The author stresses the importance of biopolitical aspect of political socialization that involves relatively high autonomy of the individual in selecting political positions, their random substitution, as well as the ability to be guided by internal, sometimes unconscious preferences and beliefs. The conclusion is that the specificity of modern biopolitics is seen in concentrated interest in the problems of society, related both to the political, social and economic conditions of human existence, and with its biological nature.

Genetic analysis: future diagnostic tool in clinical Orthodontics

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.310-311

Phrenology, heredity and progress in George Combe's Constitution of Man.

The Constitution of Man by George Combe (1828) was probably the most influential phrenological work of the nineteenth century. It not only offered an exposition of the phrenological theory of the mind, but also presented Combe's vision of universal human progress through the inheritance of acquired mental attributes. In the decades before the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species, the Constitution was probably the single most important vehicle for the dissemination of naturalistic progressivism in the English-speaking world. Although there is a significant literature on the social and cultural context of phrenology, the role of heredity in Combe's thought has been less thoroughly explored, although both John van Wyhe and Victor L. Hilts have linked Combe's views on heredity with the transformist theories of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. In this paper I examine the origin, nature and significance of his ideas and argue that Combe's hereditarianism was not directly related to Lamarckian transformism but formed part of a wider discourse on heredity in the early nineteenth century.

Pharmacogenetic Testing – Innovative Technology in Psychiatry

The role of heredity in the formation of pharmacological response has long been known. Pharmacogenetic tests can predict the speed and features of the metabolism of antipsychotics. The main objective was to evaluate the clinical value of pharmacogenetic studies of biotransformation and transporters to optimize pharmacotherapy with antipsychotics. The study included Belarusians 18-35 years with acute psychotic disorder, resistant to pharmacotherapy, with the presence of side effects, lack of secondary resistance. Patients signed an informed consent form. We determined the genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P-450 (CYP2D6*4, CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3, CYP1A2*F) and P glycoprotein (MDR-1 C3435T). The study included 26 patients with acute psychotic disorder. Mutation C3435T of MDR-1 gene, leading to severe impairment of P-glycoprotein, was detected in 17 patients (65%). Among allelic variants of CYP2C19, associated with a phenotype of slow drug metabolism, CYP2C19*2 was detected in 5 patients (19%); CYP2C19*3 variant was not found in anybody. Depending on the outcome of genotyping we changed neuroleptic dosage or replaced the drug to another, which is metabolized by other cytochrome P-450. In 22 patients (85%) we had a good therapeutic effect in the form of complete reduction of psychotic symptoms, improving the quality of social functioning. Among 18 patients with severe side effects, they disappeared completely in 17. Preliminary results show the effectiveness of using pharmacogenetic technologies in psychiatric practice. Further research is needed to study the polygenic determination and prevalence of genetic polymorphisms in the Belarusian population.