Role Of Gender Diversity Research Articles

Organisational innovation and gender diversity: Insights from the civil engineering industry

Orientation: The civil engineering industry is vital in ensuring that infrastructure development has a beneficial social, economic, and environmental impact.Research purpose: This study explored the role of gender diversity and organisational innovation with a view to address social ills in the civil engineering industry in South Africa.Motivation for the study: The study is premised on the paucity in extant research and responds to calls for more research on the role of gender diversity and organisational innovation with a view to address social ills in the civil engineering industry.Research design, approach and method: Employing the interpretivist paradigm, 15 civil engineering professionals were purposively selected based on their extensive experience and comprehensive deep knowledge of the industry and interviewed using the semi-structured approach of interviews using the Microsoft Teams (MS Teams) platform. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview transcripts.Main findings: From thematic analysis, the following themes emerged from the primary data: skewed gender representation, females’ retention challenges, creation of an inclusive environment, building a strategic female structure, inclusive innovation, and role models and mentors’ deficit.Practical and/or managerial implications: The civil engineering industry needs to empower women occupying positions of power and not just fill the numbers through the removal of the male gatekeeping effect as the current status shows male dominance. It is also critical to create an inclusive environment, grow the pool of females to build the numbers critical for gender diversity, particularly at the top, and promote mentorship opportunities.Contributions and/or value add: This article advances knowledge on the role of gender diversity and organisational innovation with a view to address social ills in the civil engineering industry and exposes the shared patriarchal values that many organisations appear to promote. It further highlights that society still struggles with infrastructure that does not address its needs and points the civil engineering industry towards the current skill sets and experiences of its female workforce, and how to leverage those capabilities to benefit the industry and the entire society.

CEO hubris and corporate carbon footprint: The role of gender diversity

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of an overconfident CEO on firm greenhouse gas emissions. Using panel data of 160,115 firm‐year observations from 41 countries for 2000–2021, we find a negative relationship between CEO overconfidence and greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, drawing on the theories of gender socialisation and diversity, we find that great representation of females on the board further compels overconfident CEOs to reduce firm carbon emissions. Our findings are robust to varying estimation techniques and identification strategies. These findings offer important insights to green investors, corporate boards, managers and policymakers on the role of overconfident CEOs and female leadership in the carbon abatement efforts of public companies.

Empowering change: The role of gender diversity in steering ESG integration into executive compensation

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of boardroom gender diversity (BGD) on the adoption of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) metrics in executive compensation, a concept emerging from the stakeholderism debate. Prior research has focused on the impact of BGD on traditional compensation metrics, but the role of BGD in ESG‐linked compensation remains underexplored. Our research fills this gap by examining whether BGD contributes to the incorporation of ESG considerations in executive pay structures. Additionally, we analyze how board members' external affiliations might moderate this relationship, considering that these affiliations can provide diverse perspectives and insights into ESG issues. Using data from 14 countries, our findings reveal a positive and significant association between BGD and ESG metrics in executive compensation, suggesting that women directors significantly influence the integration of sustainability and ethical considerations in corporate strategic planning. Moreover, the impact of BGD on ESG‐linked compensation is found to be more pronounced with higher levels of board members' affiliations. Our results are robust to alternate estimation techniques such as propensity score matching (PSM) and generalized methods of moments (GMM). Our study contributes to the existing literature on gender diversity, corporate governance, and sustainability, offering insights for policymakers and corporate boards on aligning corporate strategies with ESG goals.

The Role of Gender Diversity in Horticulture: Strategies for Encouraging Women Participation in The Field

This study examines the critical dimensions of gender diversity within the horticulture sector, with a particular focus on addressing the pervasive issue of workplace harassment faced by women. Gender diversity is explored within the context of its broad spectrum, extending beyond traditional binary constructs to encompass a diverse range of gender identities. A demographic analysis of respondents reveals a diverse sample characterized by varying age groups, community backgrounds, marital statuses, and family types. This diversity highlights the necessity for tailored strategies to effectively address the multifaceted challenges and opportunities associated with promoting gender diversity and inclusivity within the horticulture sector.
 The study unveils concerning findings regarding women's experiences of workplace harassment, including instances of unwelcome conduct, sexually colored remarks, humiliating treatment, and gender-based discrimination. These findings emphasize the urgent need for implementing comprehensive policies and procedures aimed at combatting harassment and discrimination, thereby fostering a workplace culture rooted in respect, equality, and safety. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the imperative of prioritizing gender diversity initiatives and addressing workplace harassment within the horticulture sector.

Corporate Governance and Cyber Security: The role of Gender Diversity and Common Owners

Corporate Governance and Cyber Security: The role of Gender Diversity and Common Owners

Razões subjacentes à sub-representação das mulheres nos conselhos de administração de empresas brasileiras: Evidências empíricas

ABSTRACT Purpose: The paper aims to understand the reasons for women’s under-representation on Brazilian corporate boards by examining the experiences of independent female board members. Originality/value: The low representation of women on Boards of Directors (BD) is a growing research issue in current literature. Quantitative studies, primarily based on secondary data, generally show that gender diversity, while low, is associated with positive outcomes for organizations. Despite the findings on the role of gender diversity in BD, there is a lack of discussion about the causes of female underrepresentation on Brazilian Boards. The focus of this paper is to gain a deeper understanding of the reasons for the low representativeness. Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative research was conducted through face-to-face, in-depth interviews with eight independent female board members of Brazilian organizations selected by accessibility criteria from different sectors. The interviewees reported their experience in their executive careers, particularly as board members. The data were interpreted according to thematic analysis. Findings: The research identified an interconnected dynamic of psychological, personal, organizational, and cultural barriers that limit women’s representation in BD. This finding expands the current literature by empirically describing and explaining the reasons for low gender diversity in BD and the causes of the underrepresentation of independent female members in BD.

DETERMINANTS OF CSR DISCLOSURE MODERATED BY THE ROLE OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

DETERMINANTS OF CSR DISCLOSURE MODERATED BY THE ROLE OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

DETERMINANTS OF CSR DISCLOSURE MODERATED BY THE ROLE OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

This study aims to analyze the effect of sales growth, profitability, and tax avoidance on CSR disclosure. This study also aims to analyze whether the role of gender diversity which is part of GCG strengthen the influence of each independent variable on CSR disclosure. This study used 72 observation obtained from 18 mining companies listed on Indonesian Stock Echange for period 2016-2019. The analytical techniques used are the multiple regression analysis and moderated regression analysis (MRA) on EViews 12. Research results show that sales growth has a positive effect on CSR disclosure, while profitability and tax avoidance have no effect on CSR disclosure. In addition, gender diversity is not able to strengthen the effect of sales growth, profitability, and tax avoidance on CSR disclosure.

Role of Gender Diversity on Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from a Developing Economy

While the importance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) increased during the COVID-19 period, it is also imperative to increase the female representation of the board. Empirical evidence suggests inconclusiveness of the results in the country, period and methods applied. In addition, there is a dearth of studies in the world as well as developing economies. To bridge these research gaps, this study examined the impact of gender diversity on corporate social responsibility in the developing economy as Sri Lanka during the COVID-19 period. A quantitative study using a survey design was conducted with sample size of 133 companies listed at Colombo Stock Exchange using random sampling. The data analysis included descriptive analysis and correlation using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and Partial Least Squares Regression Model through SMART PLS 3.0. This study found the level of gender diversity in Sri Lanka is 10% indicating low level in the developing economy. Findings also revealed that gender diversity and legal responsibility have significant impact while economic, ethical, and philanthropic have no impact on Sri Lankan companies. Although the study is limited to listed companies and quantitative cross-sectional study, results clearly suggest an increase to the percentage of women directors on board to improve legal responsibility and further achieve sustainable goals in the economy. The findings also suggest new perspective on resource dependence theory.

The Role of Gender Diversity in Corporate Governance for Quality Assurance of Financial Reports with Audit Fees as Moderating Variables

This study used audit fees as a moderating variable to examine how gender diversity on the board of directors, board of commissioners, and audit committee affects the quality of financial statements. In this study, financial statements for a sample of LQ 45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2021 were employed to collect the data, which were then analyzed using Eviews 9. Gender diversity of the board of commissioners, board of directors, committee board audit, employed the percentage of the number of the board of directors, board of commissioners, female audit committee compared to the total number, audit fee to logarithmic audit fee, and quality of financial statements to proxy for Discretionary Accrual modified by Jones model. The findings demonstrate that gender and women play a key role in the Corporate Governance process, particularly on the board of directors, board of commissioners, and audit committee. The role of women in supervision, such as the board of commissioners and audit committee, was able to enhance the quality of the company's financial statements, despite the inability of the board of directors' to increase the quality of financial statements when examined. The role of women in supervision, such as the board of commissioners and audit committee, was able to improve the quality of the company's financial statements, despite the board of directors' ability to increase the quality of financial statements in their function not being examined. The role of audit fees also appeared to be pivotal in overseeing the quality of the presentation of the financial statements of the company. Service fees are procured for carrying out financial statement audit services and detecting the possibility of fraud committed by the board of directors. If the audit fee is compensated highly, it tends to be more professional, therefore minimizing Discretional Accrual and strengthening the supervision carried out by the board of commissioners and female audit committee. Similarly, it can enhance the quality of financial reports. The findings of this study will: (1) give investors, professionals, and stakeholders’ information about the factors that affect gender diversity; (2) give capital market authorities guidelines for taking into account gender diversity on corporate boards of directors, commissions, and audit committees while taking into account the effect on the quality of financial reports; and (3) help accountants in developing countries like Indonesia develop more suitable accounting guidelines. This study contributes to the gender diversity literature. Additionally, this study adds to and broadens the literature by presenting empirical data from a single emerging market, such as Indonesia, on the impact of audit fees and gender diversity between gender diversity and financial reporting quality, as this relationship has not previously been studied.

Do women on boards enhance firm performance? Evidence from top Indian companies

This paper examines whether gender diversity (GD) on corporate boards influences financial performance (FP) of Indian firms using System Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) methods by considering panel data of 364 firms during 2017 to 2021, comprising of 1820 firm-year observations. The study reveals that the mere presence of a woman director (WD) on boards makes no difference in financial performance. Presence of WDs as a significant portion of the boards and their active roles in the functioning and governance of companies positively contribute to firms’ financial performances and economic value creation. Regarding other governance parameters, the study shows that larger boards do not necessarily improve firm performance. Also, independent directors do not necessarily add value to corporate performance and value creation. While a higher promoter's stake is an important factor for Indian companies to drive corporate performance, firms with separate CEO and chairperson outperform firms with CEO duality. The study also reveals that the covid 19 pandemic has negatively influenced the financial performance and economic profit generation of the Indian firms. This study is important for several reasons. First, this study considers the period (2017–2021) when Indian companies adopted new financial reporting practices (IND-AS) in line with International Financial Reporting System (IFRS), the mandatory quota system of women directors’ appointment is implemented and new corporate governance norms are implemented. Hence, our study contributes to the literature by proving meaningful insights on the role of gender diversity and other corporate governance parameters on financial performance of Indian firms in the light of newly adopted accounting and financial reporting practices. Second, few previous India based studies have mostly used pooled OLS or fixed effect models, and did not address the endogeneity problem in different forms like Dynamic Endogeneity, Simultaneity, and Unobserved Heterogeneity. This paper addresses the endogeneity problem appropriately by using the system generalized method of moments (GMM) while modelling the relation between WDs and firms’ FP. Therefore, the findings of this study are more reliable and unbiased and can be useful for effective policy making on gender diversity and corporate governance issues. Third, few prior studies which have looked into the role of WDs on FP of Indian firms, have mostly used return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and Tobin’s Q as performance parameters. Here, in addition to ROA, ROE and Tobin’s Q, we also use economic value added (EVA) as indicators of corporate performance to understand the role of WDs on economic value creation for companies. The EVA is considered as modern technique to measure the economic profit earned by a firm, and it has gained huge popularity among companies as an improved technique for measuring financial performance for companies. To the best of our knowledge, the role of WDs on economic value creation by firms has not been investigated before particularly in the Indian context. This is another unique contribution of this study. Fourth, the Covid 19 pandemic had impacted global economy severely and India was no exception. Financial performances of most Indian firms were negatively impacted due to the nationwide lockdown and uncertainties about production, revenue and earnings. This study considers both the pre and post Covid 19 pandemic period in examining our central research question using a year dummy. Therefore, our study also captures whether the covid 19 pandemic has actually impacted the financial performance of Indian firms, while modelling this relation. This is another valuable and unique contribution of this study to the literature. The findings of this study provide an understanding of how board gender diversity and other governance parameters influence financial performance of Indian firms in an emerging market context. The outcomes are also explained and aligned with the relevant policy implications in the light of recent Indian corporate governance norms and policies. These findings are useful to the companies and policymakers, as they can use these findings while designing effective boards, which can be useful in improving firm performance. Board of directors, investors, regulators, and policymakers can effectively use these findings to understand how gender diverse boards and other corporate governance parameters influence firms’ financial performance under the concentrated ownership pattern.

Do Corporate Governance and Gender Diversity Matter in Firm Performance (ROE)? Empirical Evidence from Jordan

The aim of this paper was to examine the effect of managerial/board gender diversity and corporate governance structure on firm performance in a Jordanian business environment—a developing economy that has a distinct environment from that of developed economies. The current study focuses on the unique context of an emerging economy (i.e., Jordan). Data were collected from nonfinancial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2020. Data analysis was carried out using the random-effects estimator, which was considered as the most suitable for this study. The results disclose that female representation on the board of executives of Jordanian companies had a positive but insignificant effect on corporate performance, as measured by the return on equity, indicating that this variable has no effect on the performance of firms in Jordan. Both family ownership and board size had negative significant effects on performance, but for the moderating effect, corporate governance structure had no effect on the relationship among CEO duality, institution ownership, government ownership, independent directors, and firm performance. The current study only focused on Jordanian industrial firms listed on ASE, thus rendering the findings nongeneralizable to other sectors and nations. Further investigations are urged to broaden the context of the study to achieve more enriched findings. Managers can use the findings to achieve a deeper understanding of the way governance structure affects firm performance. Additionally, regulators at the Jordan Securities Commission can attain valuable insight about the adequacy of the current regulations regarding the role of gender diversity and corporate governance structure in Jordan. The current study contributes to the literature concerning the effect of managerial gender diversity and corporate governance structure on performance. Furthermore, this investigation aims to fill the current research gap in the context of Jordan, which is an emerging economy in the Arab region that is under-represented in this field of research.

Gender Mainstreaming on the Boards of Directors of Banks: Its impact on Bank Performance

Abstract: Gender mainstreaming is an approach to achieve gender equality. It entails incorporating a gender viewpoint into the development, planning, implementation, monitoring, and assessment of policies, regulatory measures, and expenditure plans. While promoting gender equality mainstreaming, alliances between men and women, results in good return which encourages inclusive growth. Corporate governance regulations all over the world encourage the inclusion of women on corporate boards. In 2013, it became mandatory for a company's board of directors to include at least one female director. Board directors play a vital role in any organisation. The primary responsibility of board directors is to increase shareholder wealth. Because of the opacity in banks, the position of board directors is crucial. Their role isn't just to make policies; it also includes putting forth efforts to ensure banking's longterm viability. A well-functioning banking system is regarded as a prerequisite for growth. An attempt is made to investigate the role of female directors in Indian banking, using return on assets and return on equity as performance measures. The panel data is used to examine five public banks and five private banks listed on the BSE. Research articles on the role of gender diversity in the board of directors in affecting bank performance have been collected from several refereed journals to review the related literature. Keywords: Banking, Gender, Director, Performance, Woman

Sustainability performance disclosures: the impact of gender diversity and intellectual capital on GRI standards compliance in Uganda

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the extent of and impact of gender diversity and intellectual capital on compliance with Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) sustainability reporting standards by Uganda manufacturing companies.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from manufacturing firms in Uganda using a questionnaire survey to find out their perception of compliance with the GRI standards. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences, Microsoft Excel and smart partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS–SEM).FindingsThe results indicate that on average, manufacturing firms in Uganda comply with GRI sustainability reporting standards to the extent of 59%. The results further indicate that manufacturing companies comply more with the GRI 200 (economic performance disclosures) to the extent of 63% as compared with 55% for GRI 300 (environmental performance disclosures) and 58% for GRI 400 (social performance disclosures). The results also indicate that intellectual capital has a significant impact on the GRI-based sustainability performance disclosures in Uganda. However, board gender diversity has no significant effect. In terms of the control variables, only firm size is significant, while firm age, capital structure and auditor type are not.Originality/valueThis study provides first time evidence of the extent of compliance with the GRI sustainability reporting standards using evidence from Uganda – an African developing country. This study widens the understanding of the usage of GRI standards in the preparation of sustainability reports by manufacturing firms in an emerging economy. This study also provides first-time evidence on the role of gender diversity and intellectual capital in GRI-based sustainability performance disclosures using evidence from Uganda's manufacturing sector.

Gender Diversity Effect on Tax Avoidance and Firm Risk

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of gender diversity on firm risk with tax avoidance as a mediating variable in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This study used SPSS version 20.0 to process the data. The sample of this research is 51 manufacturing companies listed on the IDX using multiple regression panel data. This study uses financial statement data for the 2015 – 2019 period. The findings of this study are (1) there is a negative effect of gender diversity on tax avoidance; (2) there is a negative effect of gender diversity on firm risk; (3) there is a positive effect of tax avoidance on firm risk; (4) Gender diversity has an influence on firm risk through tax avoidance. The limitations of this study are as follows: the research sample is only in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a limited number of samples because during the observation period there are companies that are losing, suspending, and delisting. Therefore, this research suggests that (1) Further research can expand the scope of the research sample or compare it with companies in other industrial sectors. (2) Further research can increase the number of other variables, such as Corporate Social Responsibility by using the Blau-Index measurement (1975) so that the measurement can be more detail and constructive. (3) Further research can use other samples in Asean countries by comparing the success rate of anti-corruption disclosure in ASEAN countries. The practical implications include the following: (1) the role of gender diversity in the company is very necessary for implementing Good Corporate Governance (GCG) thus a healthy company will be created so that the company's risk does not occur in the future. (2) the role of the government is needed in making policies so that companies do not do tax evasion. The originality of the research includes this study, which is the first to analyze gender diversity on firm risk through tax avoidance.

Diversity Matters: The Role of Gender Diversity on US Active Equity Fund Performance

Diversity Matters: The Role of Gender Diversity on US Active Equity Fund Performance

Gender diversity, board of director’s size and Islamic banks performance

PurposeThis paper aims to empirically assess the impact of gender diversity and board of directors’ size on Islamic banks’ performance.Design/methodology/approachHand-collected data set including 27 banks from 2005 to 2013 is used to investigate the effect of the above mechanisms on banks’ performance as measured by return on equities and return on assets. The study uses pooling regression, which requires estimating a single equation on different cross-sectional data. Specifically, ordinary least squares is used to estimate the model.FindingsObtained results suggest that the presence of women on the board of directors does not have a significant influence on banks’ performance. However, gender diversity in the management department is found to have a negative and significant impact. Besides, the findings prove that the board of directors’ size adversely affects banks’ performance.Research limitations/implicationsFindings of this study will enhance a better understanding of the interrelationships between performance measures and determinants, which can improve estimations of key inputs in the decision-making process. Such deeper understanding should provide policy and decision makers with an important part of the framework needed to provide quality outcomes. In addition, the results of this study provide some beneficial insights on performance determinants to the policymakers, industry leaders and bank managers. Accordingly, those parties could enhance the profitability of Sudanese Islamic banks by improving capitalisation and assets utilisation and by improving banks operation efficiency, leverage and by reducing the size of the board of directors. Industry leaders and bank managers could also benefit from the findings on bank age, which suggest that they can learn from the experience of newly established banks, as the latter are shown to be able to use their resources to generate more profits.Practical implicationsResults suggest that in the future, Islamic banks should focus on how to weaken the negative performance effect of female executives’ participation. Besides, banks should work to decrease labour market discrimination and increase long-term career commitment amongst women.Originality/valueAfter reviewing the literature, the research objective was not accounted for by the existing empirical works. Indeed, the role of gender diversity and board of directors’ size on a bank’s performance was not examined in the case of Sudanese Islamic banks.

Does women on board affect the socially responsible firms’ effectiveness of internal control?

ABSTRACT This study examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the auditor’s commitment to internal control which strengthens the internal control system and reduces fraud. We further investigate the moderating role of gender diversity to validate the effectiveness of internal control in socially responsible firms. The logit model is employed based on 15,511 firm-year observations during 2004–2013. The findings suggest that the internal control effectiveness is positively associated with corporate conducts in social responsibility, and gender diversity strengthens the relationship between CSR and internal control effectiveness, validating that women on board indeed increases corporate transparency and board accountability.

The Role of Gender Diversity in Downside Risk: Empirical Evidence from Vietnamese Listed Firms

Corporate governance has been marked as an important component of the fast-growing pace of the Vietnam economy recently. Aligning with the concern that gender plays a critical role in corporate management, this study aims to reveal the entire benefits of the appearance of women on board to reduce downside risk in the frontier countries. By using a unique dataset from Vietnamese listed firms and appropriate econometric methods, we present tight results that the presentation of women at firm management level is more likely to lessen the downside risk. In particular, female non-senior reduces all risk attributes, whereas the presence of women in executive board decrease firm risk only. Furthermore, the decreasing of individual and systemic risk are additionally driven by female Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and chairman. We found strong evidence that female leadership may decrease risk-taking in the low-risk firms at all managerial levels but not in the case of a female CEO. In summary, by examining data from specific frontier areas such as Vietnam, we confirm that the role of female leadership in terms of reducing the downside risk depend on their power managerial levels and the firm-risk behavior.

Gender Diversity, Women’s Leadership, and Consensus in State Supreme Courts

ABSTRACT In this article, we argue that the leadership of women as chief justice or the majority opinion author, as well as an increased presence of women on the panel, should increase the likelihood of unanimous decisions and the size of majority coalitions in state supreme courts. Using an original dataset of cases in three policy areas from all state supreme courts from 1990–2015, we uncover some surprising results. In some issue areas, majority coalitions are larger when a woman serves as the majority opinion author, though we see smaller coalitions when more women are on the court and a man is assigned to write the majority opinion. Taken together, our results suggest that the role of gender diversity and women’s leadership in the opinion-writing process may be more complex than previously understood.