Role Of Familiarity Research Articles

The Role of Familiarity in Increasing Repurchase Intentions in Online Shopping

This study aims to determine the relationship between trust, satisfaction, and repurchase intention at online shopping providers, such as Tokopedia, Bukalapak, Lazada, Zalora, and Blibli, in Kendari City. In detail, this study also aims to determine the role of familiarity in strengthening the relationship between trust, satisfaction, and repurchase intentions. There are 250 respondents involved in this study obtained through convenience sampling technique. The analysis is carried out in 2 stages. The first stage is to simultaneously test the role of trust and satisfaction in increasing repurchase intention. The second stage is to determine the role of familiarity as a moderating variable. Moderating Regression Analysis (MRA) is used to test the causal relationship. The results of this study indicate that familiarity increases the effect of trust on satisfaction, the effect of trust on repurchase intention, and the effect of satisfaction on repurchase intention. The results of this study contribute to the development of the concept of relationship marketing, especially to increase repurchase intention through the development of the concept of familiarity. This study's limitation is that there is no comparison between familiarity attitudes for each online shopping service provider.

Accounting for the Nuance in Information Asymmetries in the Hiring Process

This symposium showcases research by human resource management and strategy scholars on information asymmetries in the hiring context. The papers featured in the symposium offered nuanced perspectives on how the availability of incomplete information related to prospective applicants, managers, and organizations impacted the perceptions and decisions among both prospective employees and employers during the hiring process. The rich diversity of viewpoints represented in the symposium offers numerous starting points for multilevel and multidisciplinary discourse. Shields and Shadows: Stars’ Protective and Eclipsing Effects in the Face of Failure and Success Presenter: Rebecca Rheinhardt Kehoe; Cornell U. Presenter: Frederick Scott Bentley; Binghamton U.-State U. of New York The Varying Credibility of Company and Non-Company Information Sources Presenter: Julian Ernesto Martinez-Moreno; Cornell U. Presenter: Christopher Collins; Cornell U. Targeted Recruiting & Firm Attractiveness: The Divergent Role of Familiarity for Large & Small Firms Presenter: Rhett Andrew Brymer; U. of Cincinnati Presenter: Anni Peng; U. of Cincinnati Presenter: Laurens Bujold Steed; Miami U. Examining Contexts in which Managerial Openness to Voice Shapes Employee Attraction Presenter: John E. McCarthy; Cornell U.

How Customer Experience Quality affects Customer Satisfaction-Loyalty with Moderating role of Competitive Choices and Familiarity: Assessment of Private Hospitals in Pakistan.

The present study has focused on determining loyalty for private hospitals in Pakistan while considering several customer experience quality factors. Customer satisfaction, familiarity and competitive choices have also been analyzed to intensify the significance of this study. The association among loyalty, satisfaction and peer to peer quality has also been investigated which has largely been ignored in prior studies despite having considerable significance. Cross sectional data was gathered using convenience sampling technique by distributing self-administered questionnaires in 15 major private hospitals. 493 correctly and completely filled questionnaires, out of 530, were returned back indicating that the response rate for this study was 93%. SPSS-25 and AMOS-22 were used for analyzing the collected data by executing different tests i.e. reliability, correlation, multiple regression, moderated regression and bootstrapping for mediation. The findings of the study demonstrate significant and positive associations of outcome quality, peer to peer quality and interaction quality with customer satisfaction which also has a strong influence over customer loyalty as well. Additionally, this research has also evidenced significant moderating role of familiarity with the three facets of customer experience quality on customer satisfaction. However, the association among customer satisfaction and loyalty has not been moderated by competitive choices.

뉴스 웹사이트에서 브랜드 안전이 소 비자 광고태도, 브랜드태도, 구매의 도에 미치는 영향 : 브랜드 친숙도의 조절효과를 중심으로

뉴스 웹사이트에서 브랜드 안전이 소 비자 광고태도, 브랜드태도, 구매의 도에 미치는 영향 : 브랜드 친숙도의 조절효과를 중심으로

Dealing with disagreement: The roles of topic familiarity and disagreement explanation in evaluation of conflicting expert claims and sources

Learners may increasingly encounter conflicting expert reports. However, little is known about how they deal with this challenge. We examined how learners' familiarity with a controversial historical topic affects their epistemic judgments of conflicting expert claims and sources, the interplay of their claim and source evaluation strategies, and their meta-epistemic understanding of the legitimacy of the disagreement (absolutist, multiplist, and evaluativist perspectives). In two studies, topic familiarity increased agreement with belief-consistent expert claims and the perceived trustworthiness of the expert who presented these claims. Topic familiarity also impacted the coordination of evaluation strategies and led to greater reliance on knowledge-based validation. However, topic familiarity did not affect meta-epistemic understanding of the legitimacy of the controversy. In the second study, reading an explanation about reasons for disagreements between historians resulted in higher evaluativism. Teaching about expert disagreement may be a productive approach for promoting appreciation of the diversity of knowledge.

Recognizing Genuine From Posed Facial Expressions: Exploring the Role of Dynamic Information and Face Familiarity.

The accurate recognition of emotion is important for interpersonal interaction and when navigating our social world. However, not all facial displays reflect the emotional experience currently being felt by the expresser. Indeed, faces express both genuine and posed displays of emotion. In this article, we summarize the importance of motion for the recognition of face identity before critically outlining the role of dynamic information in determining facial expressions and distinguishing between genuine and posed expressions of emotion. We propose that both dynamic information and face familiarity may modulate our ability to determine whether an expression is genuine or not. Finally, we consider the shared role for dynamic information across different face recognition tasks and the wider impact of face familiarity on determining genuine from posed expressions during real-world interactions.

Low-carbon travel mode choices: The role of time perceptions and familiarity

Academic studies and recent social movements alike highlight the importance of changing flying behavior for reaching global climate goals. A particularly effective strategy for minimizing transport-related CO2 emissions is to substitute flights with train travel. The same trip causes around 80–90% less CO2 emissions by train than by plane. The results of this paper are based on two independent samples, the first representing the Swiss population, the second one including international business students. Both empirical studies consistently show that respondents who are familiar with train travel are also more prone to consider the train as an alternative for international, long-distance trips. Furthermore, both studies find systematic differences when it comes to travel time perceptions of likely air and train travelers: While people who are inclined to travel by plane see a high value in minimizing the total travel time of their journey, likely train travelers put less emphasis on minimizing total travel time. At the same time, prospective train travelers find it highly important to be able to use their travel time productively, which does not seem to be the case for potential air travelers. As consumer insights about the willingness to substitute flying with train travel are rare, the results of this paper build a basis for developing communication strategies and policies aiming at increasing low-carbon travel mode choices.

The role of novelty and fat and sugar concentration in food selection by captive tufted capuchins (Sapajus apella).

Capuchins, like other primates, use feedback from sensory cues and digestion to make decisions about which foods to consume and which to avoid. However, little is known about how capuchins make consumption decisions when simultaneously presented with novel and familiar foods, or how food familiarity and macronutrient concentration together influence food choice, topics with potential implications for developmental and health research. In this study, we evaluated the role of familiarity, as well as fat and sugar concentration, in the food selections of captive tufted capuchins (Sapajus apella). In the first experiment, over 10 sessions, subjects were assigned to either a group that chose between one familiar and one novel food item both high in fat or sugar (high condition), or to a group that chose between one familiar and one novel food item both low in fat or sugar (low condition). In the second experiment, subjects were divided into three groups, familiarized with food over five feeding sessions, and then offered the familiarized food and a novel food that varied in fat or sugar for 10 sessions. When offered foods high in fat, capuchins showed no clear signs of neophobia, forming an initial preference for the novel food, rejecting foods less frequently, and selecting foods faster than when offered foods low in fat. These trends were generally not observed in response to foods with sugar. When presented with options that varied in macronutrient concentration, subjects showed an initial interest in the novel food irrespective of whether it was high in fat or sugar, yet formed a final preference for the higher-concentration item. Findings suggest that the concentration of fat or sugar in novel foods may be an important mediator of exploratory behavior and that capuchins rely on immediate feedback from taste and other sensory cues to make consumption decisions.

Satisfaction and purchase intention of imported fresh fruits based on familiarity: a case of Korean pears in Taiwan

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the influence of image and reputation of imported fresh fruits on consumer satisfaction and purchase intentions. The moderating role of familiarity with imported fruits was also assessed.Design/methodology/approachA total of 332 Taiwanese consumers who had purchased imported Korean pears participated using an online survey and were grouped based on their familiarity to Korean pears. Multi-group analysis with structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses.FindingsImage and reputation of imported Korean pears were identified as predictors of the satisfaction and purchase intention. Multi-group analysis results found the moderating effect of familiarity between image and satisfaction. Images were identified as predictors of the satisfaction and purchase intention of imported Korean pears for consumers with low familiarity, whereas image did not show any influence on satisfaction for consumers with high familiarity.Originality/valueThis study can contribute to the limited understanding of imported fresh fruit markets and provides insights into familiarity for consuming imported fresh fruits.

Difference Between Young and Old Adults' Performance on the Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) Test Battery: What Is the Role of Familiarity With Technology in Cognitive Performance?

Objective: The Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) Test Battery is a recent computerized software for the assessment of cognitive functioning in clinical and healthy populations. However, its applicability for the assessment of old adults and the role of level of familiarity with technology on performance have not been tested. Method: To verify if PEBL Test Battery is sensitive to aging cognitive decline, we assessed young and older adults' performance on the neuropsychological tests relative to the following domains: verbal and visuospatial short-term memory, selective attention, inhibition to interference, planning and problem-solving, set-shifting, and cognitive flexibility. The difference between the two groups was studied taking into account the self-reported level of familiarity with technology, measured through the Attitudes Toward Computers Questionnaire. Results: Old participants showed a lower level of cognitive performance compared with the younger group, in line with the traditional literature about cognitive function decline in aging. However, this difference was not related to the level of familiarity with technology. Conclusion: Our descriptive study seemed to support the applicability of PEBL Test Battery for testing old adults' cognitive functioning. However, some criticisms and future improvements about this computerized battery were discussed for its applicability in clinical, rehabilitative and research contexts.

Beta and firm age

Abstract We document a robust pattern of beta declining over the age of a firm. We find that changes in systematic risk via firm characteristics and life-cycle stages are insufficient to explain this pattern. Moreover, standard proxies for the quantity and quality of information also explain this pattern only partially. To fully explain this pattern we rely on the increasingly important role of familiarity in financial decision making: familiarity is a determinant of beta and firm age is a proxy for the degree of familiarity that investors feel toward individual stocks. To illustrate the implication of our findings, we document that when we control for firm age there is support for the CAPM and its use as an input for the cost of equity capital calculation.

Season-specific carryover of early life associations in a monogamous bird species

Social relationships can have important fitness consequences. Although there is increasing evidence that social relationships carry over across contexts, few studies have investigated whether relationships formed early in life are carried over to adulthood. For example, juveniles of monogamous species go through a major life history stage transition, pair formation, during which the pair bond becomes a central unit of the social organization. At present, it remains unclear whether pair members retain their early life relationships after pair formation. We investigated whether same-sex associations formed early in life carry over into adulthood and whether carryover was dependent on season, in a monogamous species. We also investigated the role of familiarity, genetic relatedness and aggression on the perseverance of social associations. We studied the social structure before and after pair formation in captive barnacle geese, Branta leucopsis, a highly social, long-lived, monogamous species. We constructed association networks of groups of geese before pair formation, during the subsequent breeding season and in the following wintering season. Next, we studied how these associations carried over during seasonal changes. We found that early life associations in females were lost during the breeding season but resurfaced during the subsequent wintering season. In males, the early life associations persisted across both seasons. Association persistence was not mediated by genetic relatedness or familiarity. The high level of aggressiveness of males, but not females, in the breeding season suggests that males may have played a key role in shaping both their own social environment and that of their partners. We show that early life social relationships can be maintained well into later life. Such relationships can be sustained even if they are temporarily disrupted, for example due to reproductive behaviour. Our findings therefore highlight that the early life social environment can have lifelong consequences for individuals’ social environment.

Adolescents and handheld advertising: The roles of brand familiarity and smartphone attachment in the processing of mobile advergames

AbstractMany adolescents are inseparable from their smartphones on which they are often confronted with covert advertising‐like mobile advergames. This study explores the roles of brand familiarity and smartphone attachment in adolescents’ abilities to recognize the commercial intent of advergames. Moreover, it considers the potential indirect effects of brand familiarity and smartphone attachment on the susceptibility of young consumers to mobile advergames. An experiment (N = 98) was conducted, which showed that brand familiarity moderates the effect of playing advergames on the recognition of the commercial intent of advergames. Furthermore, smartphone attachment was found to facilitate the recognition of the commercial intent of advergames, such that adolescents who experienced higher levels of smartphone attachment (when compared to lower levels) were better able to differentiate between advergames and non‐commercial games (games without advertising). Interestingly, no association between smartphone attachment and brand responses were found—suggesting that smartphone attachment did not affect adolescents’ compliance with the advertised message.

Familiarity plays a small role in noun comprehension at 12-18months.

Infants amass thousands of hours of experience with particular items, each of which is representative of a broader category that often shares perceptual features. Robust word comprehension requires generalizing known labels to new category members. While young infants have been found to look at common nouns when they are named aloud, the role of item familiarity has not been well examined. This study compares 12- to 18-month-olds' word comprehension in the context of pairs of their own items (e.g., photographs of their own shoe and ball) versus new tokens from the same category (e.g., a new shoe and ball). Our results replicate previous work showing that noun comprehension improves rapidly over the second year, while also suggesting that item familiarity appears to play a far smaller role in comprehension in this age range. This in turn suggests that even before age 2, ready generalization beyond particular experiences is an intrinsic component of lexical development.

Stay home, stay safe-Site familiarity reduces predation risk in a large herbivore in two contrasting study sites.

Restricting movements to familiar areas should increase individual fitness as it provides animals with information about the spatial distribution of resources and predation risk. While the benefits of familiarity for locating resources have been reported previously, the potential value of familiarity for predation avoidance has been accorded less attention. It has been suggested that familiarity should be beneficial for anti-predator behaviour when direct cues of predation risk are unclear and do not allow prey to identify well-defined spatial refuges. However, to our knowledge, this hypothesis has yet to be tested. Here, we assessed how site familiarity, measured as the intensity of use of a given location, is associated with the probability of roe deer Capreolus capreolus being killed by two predators with contrasting hunting tactics, the Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx and human hunters. While risk of human hunting was confined to open habitats, risk of lynx predation was more diffuse, with no clear refuge areas. We estimated cause-specific mortality rates in a competing risk framework for 212 GPS-collared roe deer in two ecologically distinct areas of Central Europe to test the hypothesis that the daily risk of being killed by lynx or hunters should be lower in areas of high familiarity. We found strong evidence that site familiarity reduces the risk of being predated by lynx, whereas the evidence that the risk of being hunted is linked to site familiarity was weak. We suggest that local knowledge about small-scale differences in predation risk and information about efficient escape routes affect an individual's ability to avoid or escape an attack by an ambush predator. Our study emphasizes the role of site familiarity in determining the susceptibility of prey to predation. Further research will be required to understand better how a cognitive map of individual spatial information is beneficial for avoiding predation in the arms race that drives the predator-prey shell game.

Examining the Role of Familiarity in the Perception of Depth.

Bishop Berkeley suggested that the distance of an object can be estimated if the object’s size is familiar to the observer. It has been suggested that humans can perceive the distance of the object by using such “familiarity” information, but most or many of the prior experiments that found an effect of familiarity were not designed to minimize or eliminate potential influences of: higher cognitive factors on the observers’ responses, or the influences of low-level image features in the visual stimuli used. We looked for the familiarity effect in two experiments conducted both in Russia and Japan. The visual stimuli used were images of three coins used in Russia and Japan. The participants’ depth perception was measured with a multiple-choice task testing the perceived depth-order of the coins. Our expectation was that any effect of “familiarity” on depth perception would only be observed with the coins of the participant’s country. We expected a substantial familiarity effect based on our meta-analysis of the “familiarity” effects observed in prior experiments. But, our results in both experiments showed that the familiarity effect was virtually zero. These findings suggest that the importance of a familiarity effect in depth perception should be reconsidered.

Resolving Figurative Expressions During Reading: The Role of Familiarity, Transparency, and Context

ABSTRACT Native speakers understand familiar idioms (e.g., over the moon) and conventional metaphors (e.g., describing time as a doctor) quickly and easily. In two eye-tracking studies we considered how native speakers are able to make sense of fundamentally unfamiliar figurative expressions. In Experiment 1 compared with literal paraphrases of the same meaning, known idioms had a clear advantage, unknown idioms showed a significant disadvantage, and conventional metaphors showed no difference between figurative and literal versions. In Experiment 2 readers saw known and unknown idioms (or paraphrases) in contexts that either supported the intended meaning or were neutral. Strength of context had minimal effect on reading patterns for either idiom type and had no effect when readers were asked to subsequently identify the meaning. Context may be helpful in terms of sense selection but not when new senses need to be generated, at which point aspects such as transparency become more important.

Levelling playing field: synchronization and rapid facial mimicry in dog-horse play

Social play is a window on cognitive and communicative abilities of species. Inter-specific play, in particular, is a fertile venue to explore the capacity to correctly perceive and interpret signals emitted by partners. Up to now, most studies have focussed on dog-human play due to the important implications such studies have in understanding the peculiar relationship we establish with our pets. Here, we focussed on social play between dogs and horses. By using a set of specific keywords (dog, horse, play, friend) we selected 20 videos of dog-horse social play (with each session lasting >30 s) from the open video-sharing website YouTube. We described the behavioural patterns composing each session by defining analogous and species-specific patterns shown by dogs and horses. The rates of self-handicapping and variability in playful actions did not differ between the two interacting subjects thus suggesting well-balanced playful tactics. The Relaxed Open Mouth (ROM, a widespread playful facial expression in mammals) was also similarly performed by dogs and horses. The Rapid Facial Mimicry (RFM) is an automatic, fast response in which individuals mimic others’ expressions (less than 1 s) that seems to have a role in mood sharing during social interactions. The dogs and horses under study showed a stronger and rapid mimicry response (less than 1 s) after perceiving ROM than after perceiving an attempt to bite (a play pattern resembling ROM in its motor performance). Taken together, our results suggest that, despite the difference in size, the phylogenetic distance, and differences in the behavioural repertoire, dogs and horses are able to fine-tune their actions thus reducing the probability of misunderstanding and escalating into aggression. One of the future challenges is to explore the role of ontogenetic pathways and familiarity in shaping inter-specific communicative ability of animals that can be at the basis of a universal language of play.

Preexperimental stimulus familiarity modulates the effects of item repetition on source memory.

Previous studies have reported contradictory findings regarding the effects of item repetition on the subsequent encoding of contextual details associated with items (i.e., source memory). Whereas some studies reported repetition-induced enhancement in source memory, other studies observed repetition-induced impairment. To resolve these conflicting results, we examined the modulatory role of preexperimental stimulus familiarity in the relationship between item repetition and new source memory formation by orthogonally manipulating preexperimental stimulus familiarity and intraexperimental item repetition. In a series of experiments consisting of three phases (item repetition, item-source association, and source memory test), we found that item repetition impaired source memory for preexperimentally familiar items (famous faces or words), whereas the same manipulation improved source memory for preexperimentally novel items (nonfamous faces or pseudowords). Crucially, item repetition impaired, rather than improved, source memory for preexperimentally novel items when these items had been preexposed to participants before the three-phase procedure. Collectively, these findings provide strong evidence that preexperimental stimulus familiarity determines the relative costs and benefits of intraexperimental item repetition on the encoding of new item-source associations. By demonstrating the interaction between different types of stimulus familiarity, the present findings advance our understanding of how prior experience affects the formation of new episodic memories. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Categorical & coordinate spatial information: Can they be disentangled in sketch maps?

Humans tend to encode the environment by means of two types of spatial relations: coordinate (metric) and categorical (nonmetric). The present research contributes to methods for disentangling the contribution of categorical and coordinates spatial relations in sketch maps and investigates the role of familiarity with spatial information in accurate encoding of these spatial relations. The results of three experiments show that as familiarity with spatial layout increases, differences between categorical and coordinate spatial relations tend to decrease. Moreover, they reveal that the way in which spatial information has been acquired – through navigation or map study - affects performance. Navigation favours coordinate encoding, while map study favours categorical encoding. Finally, gender differences did not emerge when spatial information was acquired through navigation, but they were present in the case of map study acquisition. In conclusion, it seems possible to extract reliable and independent information on both categorical and coordinate spatial mental representations using sketch maps.