Role Of Extraversion Research Articles

Behavior of People: Role of Extraversion and Loneliness

This empirical study demonstrates that extraversion and loneliness as important variables predicting depression, subjective happiness, satisfaction with life and online flow experience. Extraversion was categorized into two categories, namely high and low extraversion. Similarly loneliness was also categorized into high and low loneliness. Data was collected from 342 participants (184 males and 158 females) using a structured questionnaire that contained all the variables of the study. Statistical techniques such as reliability and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to analyze the data. Results revealed significant main effects of extraversion and loneliness on depression, subjective happiness, satisfaction with life and online flow experience. High extraversion and low loneliness had a negative effect on depression and online flow experience, and a positive effect on subjective happiness and satisfaction with life. Interaction effects indicated that an individual has low depression and low online flow experience, and high subjective happiness and high satisfaction with life when he/she is extroverted in nature and suffers from low degree of loneliness. The details of findings of the study have been suitably discussed.

The effects of low frequency noise on mental performance and annoyance

Low frequency noise (LFN) as background noise in urban and work environments is emitted from many artificial sources such as road vehicles, aircraft, and air movement machinery including wind turbines, compressors, and ventilation or air conditioning units. In addition to objective effects, LFN could also cause noise annoyance and influence mental performance; however, there are no homogenous findings regarding this issue. The purpose of this research was to study the effects of LFN on mental performance and annoyance, as well as to consider the role of extraversion and neuroticism on the issue. This study was conducted on 90 students of Iran University of Medical Sciences (54 males and 36 females). The mean age of the students was 23.46years (SD = 1.97). Personality traits and noise annoyance were measured by using Eysenck Personality Inventory and a 12-scale self-reported questionnaire, respectively. Stroop and Cognitrone computerized tests measured mental performance of participants each exposed to 50 and 70dBA of LFN and silence. LFNs were produced by Cool Edit Pro 2.1 software. There was no significant difference between mental performance parameters under 50 and 70dBA of LFN, whereas there were significant differences between most mental performance parameters in quiet and under LFN (50 and 70dBA). This research showed that LFN, compared to silence, increased the accuracy and the test performance speed (p < 0.01). There was no association between LFN and noise annoyance (p > 0.01). Introverts conducted the tests faster than extraverts (p < 0.05). This research showed that neuroticism does not influence mental performance. It seems that LFN has increased arousal level of participants, and extraversion has a considerable impact on mental performance.

Maternal trait personality and childbirth: The role of extraversion and neuroticism

Backgroundanxiety during pregnancy and childbirth can increase risk of complications and interventions for both mother and infant. Although considerable work has explored fear of childbirth and anxiety during labour and subsequent birth outcomes there has been less consideration of the role of more stable maternal personality upon childbirth. Traits of neuroticism and extraversion are however predictive of health outcomes in other fields potentially through biological, psychological and social mechanisms. The aim of the current research was thus to examine the relationship between trait personality and childbirth experience. Methodsseven hundred and fifty-five mothers with an infant aged 0–6 months completed a self-report questionnaire including the Ten Item Personality Measure and descriptions of birth experience including mode of birth [vaginal vs. caesarean section] and complications [failure to progress, fetal distress, post-partum haemorrhage, assisted birth and severe tear]. Findingspersonality traits were significantly associated with birth experience. Specifically mothers scoring low in extraversion and emotional stability were significantly more likely to have a caesarean section and experience a number of complications during labour and birth including an assisted birth, fetal distress, failure to progress and a severe tear. Findings were independent of maternal age, education and parity. Conclusionsthe personality traits of extraversion and emotional stability appear to facilitate likelihood of normal birth. Potential explanations for this include biological (physiological reactivity, pain thresholds, oxytocin and dopamine release) and psychological (coping mechanisms, social support, self-efficacy) factors. The findings have important implications for antenatal education and support during labour.

Bolder, happier, smarter: The role of extraversion in positive mood and cognition

Positive mood induction has contrasting effects on performance which vary according to cognitive task. Less clear is the role of personality and its interactive effects with positive mood on cognition. In the study here, participants ( N = 86) completed the EPQ-BV were then randomly assigned to positive (MI-P) or neutral (MI-N) mood induction, and completed three cognitive tasks: creativity, executive function and free recall. As predicted, greater increases in positive mood were found for high compared with low extraverts. In the creativity task, performance improved in the MI-P compared to MI-N condition for high extraverts but not low extraverts. Positive mood impaired free recall performance whilst no differences were found in executive function tasks. These findings are the first to show how stable personality characteristics interacting with positive mood induction contribute to enhance creativity.

Extraversion and Evaluation of Humorous Advertisements

Evaluation of humorous advertisements is supposed to be influenced by the perceivers' traits. The present study assessed the relation of extraversion with ratings of eight characteristics of humorous and informative advertisements. 75 high school students viewed the advertisements; a small positive correlation was found between scores on Extraversion and overall positive ratings of the humorous advertisement, but the correlation of scores on Extraversion with overall ratings of the informative advertisement was not statistically significant. Higher scores for Extraversion were positively correlated with more favorable reactions toward the humorous advertisement. Overall ratings of the humorous advertisement were also positively correlated with the humorousness and informativeness ratings, indicating that the more the advertisement was perceived as humorous and informative, the more positive was the overall rating. The latter ratings were significantly intercorrelated at r(s) = .50. The role of extraversion was small but significant in the evaluation of humorous advertisements.

Extraversion and Altered State of Awareness Predict Alcohol Cue-Reactivity

Studies have shown that regular drinkers respond to alcohol-related stimuli with increases in urge to drink and changes in affect. Evidence indicates that there is individual variability in responses to alcohol-related cues. The current study aimed to examine (1) the role of extraversion in understanding variability in responses to alcohol cues and (2) whether cue-elicited altered states of awareness are related to urge to drink and affective responses. Forty-one participants were exposed first to a neutral and then to an alcohol cue; urge and affective responses were then measured. Extraversion was a significant positive predictor of urge to drink, while altered state of awareness was a significant positive predictor of urge to drink and positive affect. Interestingly, altered state of awareness significantly improved prediction of both urge to drink and positive affect after controlling for levels of extraversion. These findings suggest that changes in states of awareness following presentation of alcohol cues may facilitate the observed increases in urge to drink and positive affect.

The role of extraversion and neuroticism in influencing anxiety following computer-mediated interactions

With the increasing popularity of the internet, online interpersonal interactions have become a popular method of communication. The current study examined whether individuals with certain personality characteristics felt less anxious after communicating via computer-mediated communication (CMC) than after face-to-face (FtF). To examine this issue, 80 female participants ( M age = 18.88, SD = 1.10) completed a personality assessment and then interacted with a confederate for 15 min either using CMC or FtF. After the interaction, participants’ current level of anxiety was assessed. Results indicated that participants tended to be less anxious after the CMC than after a FtF interaction. Subsequent analyses found that this effect was moderated by participants’ extraversion and neuroticism. Specifically, introverted and neurotic participants tended to be more anxious communicating FtF than communicating using CMC whereas extraverts and stable participants tended to experience low amounts of anxiety irrespective of the interaction type.

The role of extraversion, neuroticism and positive and negative mood in emotional information processing

The present research investigates the role of the personality dimensions of extraversion and neuroticism in emotional information processing and the moderating role of positive and negative mood. Six hundred and fifty-four university female students completed the Persian version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R); then, on the basis of extreme scores in extraversion and neuroticism dimensions from the main sample, four groups (each with 30 Ss) were selected. All groups experienced positive and negative induced mood in two separate sessions with 2 weeks interval. After mood induction in each session, subjects performed three cognitive tasks: free recall, probability rating and story completion. The findings revealed that subjects with higher extraversion, made more positive judgments and interpretations in the positive mood condition; and individuals with higher neuroticism, made more negative judgments and interpretations in the negative mood condition; but extraverted and neurotic subjects did not differ significantly in the number of positive and negative recalled words in the two mood conditions. Overall, the results indicated that personality traits influence emotional information processing, and support the moderating role of mood states in judgment and interpretation.

Does extraversion predict positive incentive motivation?

I focus on a number of issues arising from Depue &amp; Collins's target article that require further consideration: (1) data that fail to confirm extraversion effects in positive incentive experiments; (2) the role of personality factors, other than extraversion, in dopamine agonism on positive mood states; (3) the role of extraversion in nonspecific arousal, indicating that extraversion may not be an homogeneous trait; and (4) the problem of identifying neurobiologically important traits from existing structural models of personality. I applaud the heuristic value of the model presented and suggest ways in which aspects of the model may be used to identify the personality traits associated with positive incentive motivation.

Individual differences in delayed heart-rate recovery following stress: The role of extraversion, neuroticism and emotional control

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of individual differences on heart-rate reactivity and recovery following exposure to a laboratory stressor (performance on the Stroop task). The personality scales used were EPI Extraversion and Neuroticism and four subscales comprising the Emotion Control Questionnaire (ECQ). Contrary to predictions the EPI scales were unrelated to the physiological indices, but there were significant correlations between the Benign Control scale of the ECQ and heart rate reactivity and between the Rehearsal scale and heart-rate recovery.

Personality characteristics of volunteers for painful experiments

A number of researchers have suggested that voluntary participation in pain studies is a function of psychopathology. The present investigation tested the hypothesis that high-tolerance volunteers for painful experiments would be psychologically stable individuals. After performing a series of painful psychomotor performance exercises, 30 adult males completed four personality questionnaires. In terms of temperament, volunteers were found to be more intelligent, realistic, happy, energetic, and optimistic than a matched group of control subjects. The role of extraversion in explaining the hedonistic motives of volunteers was explored.

The role of extraversion in the development of learned helplessness

An experiment is reported which investigated the effect of the individual fdifference variable of introversion-extraversion on a typical learned-helplessness induction procedure. It was found that introverts displayed a much more marked helplessness effect than extraverts, in accord with predictions made by the Brebner-Cooper model of extraversion in terms of inhibition and excitation deriving from stimulus analysis and response organization. It was concluded that there are individual differences in response to uncontrollable outcomes which are not taken into account by the current theories of learned helplessness, and further, that these may be mediated by characteristics of the actual task employed.

Retention of affective material: role of extraversion and itensity of affect.

Retention of affective material: role of extraversion and itensity of affect.