Role Of External Factors Research Articles

Spatial wage curve and the role of external factors over time

Spatial wage curve and the role of external factors over time

Exploring Gender Differences in Self- Efficacy and Academic Performance among College Students

This study explored the relationship between self-efficacy and academic performance on gender and academic program differences among 204 undergraduate students at a university in Misamis Occidental. This study employed a descriptive-correlational method. The respondents were predominantly female with the majority enrolled in Social Work and Psychology. While they showed a strong belief in their academic abilities, this inconsistently translate into higher academic performance. Significant differences in self-efficacy were observed across academic programs, with Social Work students reporting the highest levels and Psychology students the lowest. However, gender insignificantly impact either self-efficacy or academic performance. This study suggests that self-efficacy must interact with other factors, such as motivation, learning strategies, and program-specific influences, instead of making it a direct predictor of academic success. Investigating the long-term impact of self-efficacy on academic outcomes, the role of external factors and their interaction with self-efficacy, and their contribution to a deeper understanding of its influence on academic outcomes must also be considered for further studies. Institutions should implement targeted interventions to enhance student self-efficacy and academic resilience as additional support for lower-performing programs for a more holistic approach to student development in higher education.

The Resurgence of Exogenous Psychosis: A Phenomenological Examination of Substance-Induced Psychopathology.

The psychopathological manifestations associated with substance use, including induced psychotic experiences, are increasingly relevant but not well-understood within the medical community. Novel psychoactive substances and potentiated old compounds like cannabis and cocaine have emerged as a global concern, especially among adolescents and young adults. Transition rates from substance-induced psychosis (SIP) to persistent psychosis are significant, particularly in cases of cannabis-induced psychosis. Scientific inquiry into induced psychotic phenomena has revealed differences between SIP and primary psychotic disorders, highlighting the risk factors associated with each. The concept of exogenous psychosis, including its toxic variant known as lysergic psychoma, provides valuable insights into the role of external factors in psychosis development. A phenomenological approach characterizes this disruption in perception as a shift in temporal and spatial dimensions, leading to auditory and visual hallucinations. The "twilight state" of consciousness plays a crucial role in the transition from substance use to psychosis, with implications for spatiality, intersubjectivity, and temporality. This complex path to psychosis challenges traditional diagnostic models and underscores the need for a more nuanced understanding of substance-induced psychopathological experiences.

External factors driving surface temperature changes above geothermal systems: answers from deep learning

Introduction: The surface expression of enhanced geothermal heat fluxes above an active hydrothermal system causes a surface thermal anomaly (ΔT). The thermal anomaly is expressed by the difference between the temperature within the heated zone (Th) and the temperature of non-heated surfaces (T0). Given that the resulting thermal anomaly at the surface is of extremely low magnitude (1°C–5°C at Vulcano, Italy), it is extremely sensitive to overprinting by external factors, namely, meteorological influences on surface temperature variation, such as solar heating, wind and rain.Methods: To test the sensitivity of the surface to external drivers, we installed two surface temperature measurement stations within the Vulcano’s Fossa crater, one inside the thermal anomaly and one outside (separation = 50 m), with a weather station co-located with the T0 station. Time series of Th and T0 were collected for 2020, when the Vulcano Fossa hydrothermal system was at a low and stable level of activity so that external drivers would have been the main influences on Th and T0, and hence also ΔT. To test for divergence from normality in terms of diurnal and seasonal variations in Th and T0, and the role of external factors in causing abnormality, we used the deep learning engine DITAN: a domain-agnostic framework to detect and interpret anomalies in time-series data.Results: During the year, DITAN found 16 cases of two types of meteorological events: intense low-pressure systems and high-intensity rainstorms (cloudbursts). Passage of 13 abnormal low-pressure systems were detected (10 between February and May, and three in December), with three abnormal rainstorm events (all in December); all three being coincident with the abnormal low pressure events. We find just two abnormalities in the time series for of Th and T0, both of which coincide with passage of abnormal low-pressure systems, and neither of which coincide with abnormal rain events. We conclude that diurnal and annual heating and cooling cycles, subject to normal meteorological inputs and at a surface above a geothermal-heated source, are immune to anomalous behaviour to the external (meteorological) variations.

Accounting for sustainable economic growth in Nigeria: the role of external factors

Accounting for sustainable economic growth in Nigeria: the role of external factors

Novel rat model of gaming disorder: assessment of social reward and sex differences in behavior and c-Fos brain activity.

In 2018, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) classified Gaming Disorder (GD) as a mental disorder. GD mainly occurs among adolescents, who, after developing addiction, show psychopathological traits, such as social anxiety, depression, social isolation, and attention deficit. However, the different studies conducted in humans so far show several limitations, such as the lack of demographic heterogeneity and equal representation of age, differences in the type of game and in the follow-up period. Furthermore, at present, no animal models specific to GD are available. To address the lack of an experimental model for GD, in the present work, we proposed a new GD rat model to investigate some peculiar tracts of the disorder. Two-month-old Wistar Kyoto rats, both males and females, were subject to a five-week training with a new innovative touch-screen platform. After five weeks of training, rats were assessed for: (a) their attachment to the play under several conditions, (b) their hyperactivity during gaming, and (c) the maintenance of these conditions after a period of game pause and reward interruption. After sacrifice, using immunohistochemistry techniques, the immunoreactivity of c-Fos (a marker of neuronal activity) was analyzed to study different neural areas. After the training, the rats subjected to GD protocol developed GD-related traits (e.g., hyperactivity, loss control), and the behavioral phenotype was maintained consistently over time. These aspects were completely absent in the control groups. Lastly, the analysis of c-Fos immunoreactivity in prelimbic cortex (PrL), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), nucleus Accumbens, amygdala and bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) highlighted significant alterations in the GD groups compared to controls, suggesting modifications in neural activity related to the development of the GD phenotype. The proposal of a new GD rat model could represent an innovative tool to investigate, in both sexes, the behavioral and neurobiological features of this disorder, the possible role of external factors in the predisposition and susceptibility and the development of new pharmacological therapies.

STRATEGIES OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT FOR UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MILITARY OPERATIONS AND THE POST-WAR PERIOD

The article examines the current features of the tourism sector in Ukraine. The role of external factors in the process of ensuring the effective development of the tourism industry is noted. The author highlights the main factors that contributed to the growth of outbound tourism in Ukraine: the introduction of a visa-free regime with the EU countries, the expansion of air travel and the opening of direct flights, the growth of low-cost tours, the growth of purchasing power of Ukrainians, and the strengthening of the national currency. However, quarantine restrictions closed airports, emptied hotels, and reduced demand for travel agency services. And as soon as the industry began to recover from the coronavirus, Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine again dealt a severe blow to the travel business. It is proved that an important feature of the tourism business is its dependence on sharp seasonal fluctuations in demand for the tourism product. The research results show that outbound tourism in Ukraine has a pronounced seasonality. Further growth in demand for outbound tourism is noted, which in the future will ensure an even greater outflow of foreign currency, which will negatively affect the country's balance of payments and gross domestic product. The main trends in the context of the impact of the level of population income on the development of outbound tourism are identified. The full-scale Russian invasion has had a negative impact on all sectors of the economy. The Ukrainian tourism sector has suffered the most. The closed skies, restrictions on men traveling abroad, and the forced relocation of a large part of the population have certainly limited the ability to travel. As a result of the negative impact of external factors, there has been a drop in demand for foreign tourism and the willingness of a significant proportion of the population to reorient to the consumption of recreational services in Ukraine. Under these conditions, it is of particular importance to study issues related to improving the efficiency of this industry, as well as expanding the range and range of services provided. It is worth noting the growing impact of the tourism industry on the nature of socio-economic processes within urban and rural communities. The growing demand for green and ethnic tourism opens up broad prospects for development for family businesses, as these areas do not require significant material costs as stratum capital. At the same time, there is a question of the proper qualification level of persons planning to realize themselves in the hospitality business, and there is a need for proper organizational and informational support in this area. This, in turn, necessitates the optimization of the theoretical and methodological framework and methodological tools.

Analysis of the Confidence Level of Male Futsal Players Aged 16-18 Years From the Gadjah Agung Sumedang Team

This research aims to find out how much self-confidence has increased in male futsal players aged 16-18 years from the Gadjah Agung Sumedang Team. In this club, many futsal players lack confidence before the match. Self-confidence is a positive thing and influences a match. As a result, the match will become monotonous if the player has good performance but lacks mental confidence. This research uses a quantitative descriptive method which is an explanation, describing conditions and situations. This type of research uses the survey method. A survey is a research that attempts to collect data on one or several variables taken from members of the population in the research. Research design is all the processes required for planning and implementing research. The results of this research are in the form of a percentage analysis of the level of self-confidence in the high category of 66.66% (20 athletes) and the very high category of 33.33% (10 athletes) with an internal high category of 70% (21 athletes) and the very high category. 30% (9 athletes) and external factors in the medium category 3.33% (1 athlete), while for the high category, it was 70% (21 athletes), and in the very high category 26.66% (8 athletes). In the role of internal factors in achieving achievement, there are indicators of self-concept, self-esteem, and physical condition. Where the three of them show that self-confidence in internal factors is in the high category for male athletes. The role of external factors, which also contain three indicators, namely education, work, and environment, male athletes' level of confidence is in the high category. It is known from the analysis that the level of self-confidence of male futsal player Gadjah Agung Sumedang aged 16-18 years is not low.

Inflation Dynamics in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC): What is the Role of External Factors?

Inflation Dynamics in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC): What is the Role of External Factors?

Factors affecting breastfeeding mothers self-leadership in exclusive breastfeeding

Introduction: One of the leading factors of exclusive breastfeeding success in motherhood is self-leadership. Previous studies found that the role of external factors also has an impact on exclusive breastfeeding. Yet, until this day the level of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia and worldwide has not achieved its goal. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the self-leadership of breastfeeding mothers in exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: The analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in this study. The population was all breastfeeding mothers who had babies aged 7-12 months. This study used simple random sampling which required 125 respondents. The independent variables are knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and social support. The dependent variable is self-leadership. Data analysis used a logistic regression test to find out which variable had the most influence with a p-value < 0.05. Results: The multivariate analysis revealed a significant influence between knowledge on self-leadership (p=0.001), attitudes (p=0.005), self-efficacy (p=0.013), and social support (p=0.000). While the results of multivariate analysis showed that the most influential on breastfeeding mothers’ self-leadership was social support. Conclusion: There is a significant association between knowledge of self-leadership, attitudes, self-efficacy, and social support.

Managerial capability, business strategy, and performance: the role of external factors

ABSTRACT The purpose of the paper is to investigate (1) the mediating role of business strategies in the managerial capability-performance relationship; and (2) the moderating roles of environmental contingents including market turbulence, technology turbulence, and competitive intensity on the indirect managerial capability-performance relationship through business strategies. The study uses primary data collected from manufacturing firms (n = 203) in a Sub-Saharan nation to examine this vital relationship. Using Hayes PROCESS, the findings reveal that whereas the differentiation strategy effectively mediates the managerial capability-performance relationship, cost leadership offers no mediation effects. Furthermore, the findings show that the contingent role of the three selected environmental conditions on the strategy-performance relationship is positive but insignificant. This implies that although these external factors positively moderate the relationship, weaken the business strategy-performance relationship, signifying a buffering relationship.

The Role of External Factors in Rural-Serving Community College Faculty Attrition

The existing research on community college faculty attrition has focused on such internal institutional factors as faculty work life and morale. Few studies have examined factors outside of an institution’s control that may influence faculty attrition and no studies to date have examined such factors in a sample of rural-serving community college faculty. The present study explores the relationships of geographic issues, counterstream migration, economic concerns, and social responsibilities to attrition in a sample of full-time rural-serving community college faculty. Implications for rural and rural-serving community college human resources professionals and administrators are discussed.

Role of External Factors in Adoption of HR Analytics: Does Statistical Background, Gender and Age Matters?

ABSTRACT This research investigates the impact of external factors on the adoption of Human Resource Analytics (HRA) under the framework of original UTAUT model. The conceptual framework of four independent variables under the rubric of external factors that may influence the adoption of HRA is grounded in literature’s recommendations for future studies. The study further investigated Gender, Age and Statistical Background as control variables. The sample for the research includes 123 responses from the HR professionals in Pakistan’s Banking Sector. The collected data were analysed by using SmartPLS V. 3.2.8. The findings obtained from the study confirms that Social Influence and Statistical Background are the significant factors that influence the adoption of HRA among HR professionals. Besides this, the control variable “statistical background” appeared to have been influencing the relationship between Social Influence and HRA. The results further included the academic and practical implications of the study.

Power, governance and distributional skew in global value chains: Exchange theoretic and exogenous factors

AbstractThe relationship between power, governance and value creation/capture is a central concern in global value chain (GVC) research. In the context of calls to develop a more expansive view of power in GVCs, we argue for retaining a focus on bargaining power, but shifting the conceptualization of bargaining power from the dyad to the network. We advance two arguments. First, we elaborate an exchange theoretic model in which skew of value capture is a function of the degree of power asymmetry inherent in the ratio of buyers to suppliers. Second, we explain how this model can be expanded to consider the role of external factors, such as the institutional and normative contexts in which exchange occurs. Rather than see these factors as contending forms of power, we treat them as forces that can affect value skew by either attenuating the bargaining power of lead firms or by moderating the distributional effects of power asymmetries between exchange partners. We conclude that an exchange theoretic approach to bargaining power in GVCs provides a parsimonious framework for explaining how inter‐firm governance shapes the distribution of value capture in global production.

Concentrations of dissolved organic matter and methane in lakes in Southwest China: Different roles of external factors and in-lake biota

Many factors have been reported to affect material cycling in lakes, but the combined and cascading impacts of external environmental factors and in-lake biota on lake carbon cycling are poorly understood. We elucidated the influencing pathways of geoclimatic factors, lake morphometry, land-use type, chemical and physical factors, and biological taxa (phytoplankton and macroinvertebrates) on the concentrations of two important components of carbon cycling, i.e., dissolved organic matter (DOM) and methane (CH4) based on datasets from 64 plateau lakes in Southwest China. Partial least squares path modelling (PLS-PM) indicated that (1) geoclimatic factors influenced DOM and CH4 by affecting land use and lake physical factors (e.g., water temperature), (2) lake morphometry (water depth and lake area) had a direct and great negative effect on the CH4 concentration related to the production and oxidation of CH4 and affected phytoplankton and macroinvertebrates by influencing chemical and physical factors, (3) land-use type affected DOM and CH4 concentrations in both direct and indirect ways, (4) terrestrial humic-like DOM was mainly discharged from forestland and also affected by macroinvertebrates, while the impacts of agricultural and construction land on autochthonous DOM and CH4 concentrations mainly occurred by changing nutrients and then the aquatic biota. Moreover, changes in aquatic biota, primarily affected by water quality, influenced DOM spectral properties, and the two biotas affected DOM and CH4 concentrations differently. Phytoplankton, especially cyanobacteria contributed to (protein-like and humic-like) DOM in both direct and indirect ways related to eutrophication, whereas macroinvertebrates influenced DOM possibly by utilization, bioturbation, and microbial decomposition of feces according to their different relationships with DOM spectral indices. Additionally, CH4 production can be enhanced by DOM accumulation, and the significant positive correlations of CH4 concentrations with protein-like DOM and biological index indicate that autochthonous DOM may play an important role for the CH4 production. Our findings contribute to the understanding of lake carbon cycling under natural conditions and anthropogenic disturbances.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЗАСОБІВ КОМП’ЮТЕРНОГО МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ЕЛЕКТРИЧНОЇ МЕРЕЖІ ПРИ ВПРОВАДЖЕННІ ЗАХОДІВ З КОМПЕНСАЦІЇ РЕАКТИВНОЇ ПОТУЖНОСТІ

The article identified the place of electricity in the world market economy, noted the growing problem of lack of energy resources. The principles of reliable and uninterrupted power supply to consumers during a certain period of time are determined, the role of external factors on the quality of electricity supply is indicated. The paper notes that the main consumers of electricity are industrial facilities, whose technological processes are characterized by the presence of nonlinear loads, which leads to the emergence of transients that significantly affect the parameters of power supply systems, causing fluctuations in system parameters. In the presence of nonlinear consumers, their operation is able to produce reactive power in the network, which causes the circulation of power between the energy source and its consumers and leads to numerous negative phenomena - increased losses in conductive elements, the need for high power equipment, increasing cable and wire the emergence of harmonic fluctuations, increasing economic losses during operation. The paper reviews a wide range of literature sources devoted to the introduction of means and methods of reactive power compensation, determines the relevance of such studies. It has been proven that the variety of application conditions and the wide range of reactive power compensation devices require the use of modern computer software to study the operation of power systems. A model of the energy system was drawn up, which has the maximum approximation to the real scheme and contains loads of active-inductive nature. Based on the simulation results, graphical dependences were obtained, illustrating the nature of the change in maximum voltage and reactive energy production without and when applying reactive power compensation measures.

Trends and associated factors for Covid-19 hospitalisation and fatality risk in 2.3 million adults in England

The Covid-19 mortality rate varies between countries and over time but the extent to which this is explained by the underlying risk in those infected is unclear. Using data on all adults in England with a positive Covid-19 test between 1st October 2020 and 30th April 2021 linked to clinical records, we examined trends and risk factors for hospital admission and mortality. Of 2,311,282 people included in the study, 164,046 (7.1%) were admitted and 53,156 (2.3%) died within 28 days of a positive Covid-19 test. We found significant variation in the case hospitalisation and mortality risk over time, which remained after accounting for the underlying risk of those infected. Older age groups, males, those resident in areas of greater socioeconomic deprivation, and those with obesity had higher odds of admission and death. People with severe mental illness and learning disability had the highest odds of admission and death. Our findings highlight both the role of external factors in Covid-19 admission and mortality risk and the need for more proactive care in the most vulnerable groups.

The Role of External Factors in Regime Stability and Resilience-Building in the Multipolar Middle Eastern Region: The Experience of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

ABSTRACT This article aims to bring together the factors of resilience, regime stability, and foreign penetration into one research project based on the example of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, which marked the one-hundredth anniversary of its statehood in 2021. Even though it exists in a neighborhood that is in turmoil, the Jordanian monarchy has managed to survive all the spillover effects from such regional conflicts. This study argues that external influences have played an increasingly significant role in political developments in Jordan since the beginning of the New World Order in 1989. Scholars of international relations often argue that foreign penetration may cause state vacuums like those that have arisen in Syria, Libya, Yemen, and Iraq. Yet, this has not been the case with other states in the Middle East. One important factor behind this resilience and regime stability is related to the behavior of foreign actors. With respect to the Hashemite Kingdom, the United States has historically been the main provider of state security. Nonetheless, at the same time the European Union (EU) has adopted a pragmatic view toward Jordan and its new resilience-building approach also helps to maintain the status quo. Moreover, the regional hegemons and swing states of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region do not have an interest in altering the existing order save for a few radical groups. The author argues that the convergence of the national interests of the major regional stakeholders also contributes to regime stability and that outside support has increased the resilience of its political system despite the growing frustrations of many of the country’s citizens.

High temperature perception in leaves promotes vascular regeneration and graft formation in distant tissues.

ABSTRACTCellular regeneration in response to wounding is fundamental to maintain tissue integrity. Various internal factors including hormones and transcription factors mediate healing, but little is known about the role of external factors. To understand how the environment affects regeneration, we investigated the effects of temperature upon the horticulturally relevant process of plant grafting. We found that elevated temperatures accelerated vascular regeneration in Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato grafts. Leaves were crucial for this effect, as blocking auxin transport or mutating PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) or YUCCA2/5/8/9 in the cotyledons abolished the temperature enhancement. However, these perturbations did not affect grafting at ambient temperatures, and temperature enhancement of callus formation and tissue adhesion did not require PIF4, suggesting leaf-derived auxin specifically enhanced vascular regeneration in response to elevated temperatures. We also found that elevated temperatures accelerated the formation of inter-plant vascular connections between the parasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum and host Arabidopsis, and this effect required shoot-derived auxin from the parasite. Taken together, our results identify a pathway whereby local temperature perception mediates long distance auxin signaling to modify regeneration, grafting and parasitism. This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.

A tropical stratopause precursor for sudden stratospheric warmings

Dramatic meteorological phenomena in the winter polar stratosphere known as Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) events are well recognized for their impacts felt across the whole atmosphere. Apart from the influence of tropospheric forcing and stratospheric control, many studies have addressed the possible role of external factors on the occurrence of SSW events. Here, with the help of reanalysis datasets, we present a hitherto unexplored connection between the tropical upper stratosphere and the polar vortex. We identify enhanced planetary wave driving around the tropical stratopause and poleward progression of the zero-wind line as early indicators for the occurrence of SSW events. We demonstrate that the poleward progression of the zero wind line results in efficient focusing of planetary waves into the polar vortex which culminates in its disruption. Statistically, nearly 70% of the SSW events that took place so far have been preceded by enhanced tropical stratopause wave driving which points towards identifying this as a potential precursor for the occurrence of SSW events. After the year 2000, significantly a greater number of SSW events have been found to be preceded by enhanced tropical stratopause wave driving.