Role In Egypt Research Articles

The use of political motherhood in Egypt’s Arab Spring uprising and aftermath

ABSTRACTPolitical motherhood, which uses traditional motherhood to mobilize and sustain women’s political participation, is understudied in political science. Women played a significant role in Egypt’s Arab Spring and its aftermath by “bargaining with patriarchy” and strategically using traditional motherhood to access the political sphere. In this article, we develop a theoretical argument based on the work of Gentry, Carreon and Moghadam and Amar. We illustrate it with examples drawn from news articles on women’s political activism and social media posts by Egyptian activists. Our argument explores how women’s agency and the larger political context in which women operate reveals how political motherhood takes the particular shape that it does. In the context of Egypt, we examine how the state’s choice to highlight women as “hypervisible” citizens, worthy of protection, backfired. Through a bottom-up political motherhood, women used their respectability as mothers in need of state protection against the state, thereby legitimizing anti-Mubarak and anti-Muslim Brotherhood demonstrations and challenging these governments.

ANALYTICAL STUDY FOR PREDICTING PRODUCTION, NATIONAL CONSUMPTION AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY RATES OF THE MOST IMPORTANT LEGUME CROPS IN EGYPT

The United Nations announced in 2016 was as international year for Legumes crops. As a part of sustainable food production, legumes are playing a vital role in Egypt for providing people with their needs from plant protein and amino acids. In general, Egypt suffers a gap between domestic production of legumes and consumption needs, particularly of Faba bean, and lentil. Thus, self sufficiency ratios reached 39% and 1.6% for both crops in 2014 respectively ([1]). Consequently, the imported amounts from both products were increasing during 1993 and 2014. So that the average of import value of Faba bean reached to LE 1.7 milliards alone, while lentil reached to LE 583.4 millions during 2010 and 2014, which represent about 66.2% and 22.3% respectively from the average import value of legume crops. Due to spread Balkiros injury in 2011, the cultivated area and domestic production of Faba bean has been significantly declined so that import value was increased. While, Faba bean domestic production represents about 78% of total legumes production, lentil represents only 1.3% as average of the period (1993-2014)([2]). The present paper aims to: (a) Identify the most important productivity and consumption indicators for leguminous crops in Egypt by using the equations of general time trend during the period (1993-2014). (b) Analyze statistical methods for predicting the most important economic indicators for legumes during the future period (2015-2024). ARIMA models were used to forecast production, consumption, and self-sufficiency after eliminating time series non-stationary and transferring it into stability or stationary series. This was done to be able to use PC-application econometric software package E-views 8 program. (c) Review, explain and interpret the results of ARIMA forecasting and the general time trend models as guidelines to draw agricultural production policy for legumes. ([1]) Ministry of Agriculture and land reclamation, economic affairs sector, the Central Administration of Agricultural Economics, Public Administration of agricultural economic resources, food balance sheets, various issues. ([2] ) Ministry of Agriculture and land reclamation, economic affairs sector, the Central Administration of Agricultural Economics, Foreign trade of agricultural exports and imports Bulletin, various issues.

Assessing the High Representative’s Role in Egypt during the Arab Spring

The 2009 Lisbon Treaty institutionalised an intergovernmental constitution for managing policies traditionally a matter of national sovereignty, such as foreign and defence policies. However, important innovations were introduced in the foreign policymaking structure to limit its intergovernmental logic, in particular, with regard to the role of the High Representative (HR). It was generally assumed that those innovations would have made development of a coherent EU foreign policy possible. Yet, in one of the most significant tests for the EU’s foreign and defence policies in the post-Lisbon era, namely the Egyptian crisis (2011-14), those reforms did not work as expected. Notwithstanding the innovations, the HR’s role was diminished by the European Council’s strict control over foreign policy toward Egypt. The lack of clear policy guidelines towards the issue of democratisation in the Arab world in the 2003 European Security Strategy, although partially mitigated by the European Neighbourhood Policy and the Barcelona Process/Union for the Mediterranean, made it even more difficult for the HR to bring a European perspective into the largely intergovernmental setting.

How Knowledge of Ancient Egyptian Women Can Influence Today's Gender Role: Does History Matter in Gender Psychology?

A gender role is a set of societal norms dictating what types of behaviors are considered desirable or appropriate for a person based on their sex. However, socially constructed gender roles can lead to equal rights between genders but also to severe disadvantages and discrimination with a remarkable variety between different countries. Based on social indicators and gender statistics, “women in the Arab region are on average more disadvantaged economically, politically, and socially than women in other regions.” According to Banduras’ social learning theory, we argue that profound knowledge of the historical contributions of Ancient Egyptian female pioneers in science, arts, and even in ruling Egypt as Pharaohs can improve today’s gender role in Egypt and Middle Eastern countries. Therefore, this article provides an elaborate review of the gender role of women in Ancient Egypt, outlining their prominence, influence, and admiration in ancient societies, and discusses the possible psychological impact of this knowledge on today’s gender role. We suggest that future empirical research should investigate how enhancing the knowledge of women from Ancient Egypt can improve today’s gender role in Egypt and the Middle East. Bandura’s social learning theory is outlined as a possible framework for future research.

What Kind of Love Is It? Egyptian, Hebrew, or Greek?

Summary The article investigates the role of Egypt and Egyptian literary allusions in Song of Songs and considers their contribution to the interpretation of the Biblical text. It is argued that the authors of Song of Songs display a certain familiarity with both, Egyptian and Greek notions that would point to a Hellenistic setting of the book and Alexandria as a place of origin.

Monarchy and Modernity in Egypt Politics: Islam and Neo-Colonialism between the Wars

Monarchy and Modernity in Egypt Politics: Islam and Neo-Colonialism between the Wars

Monarchy and Modernity in Egypt Politics: Islam and Neo-Colonialism between the Wars

Monarchy and Modernity in Egypt Politics: Islam and Neo-Colonialism between the Wars

EGYPT'S OTHER NATIONALISTS AND THE SUEZ CRISIS OF 1956

ABSTRACTThe Egyptian experience of the Suez crisis and subsequent conflict of 1956 has received significantly less treatment than those of the other major players, Great Britain, France, Israel, and the United States. The consensus over Egypt's role in the crisis has, moreover, has advanced very little from the narrative put forward by official participants at the time, portraying the event as a landmark in a nationalist struggle to restore Egypt's independence and national dignity. This article takes a fresh look at the Suez crisis from the perspective of the figures of an emergent Egyptian political opposition in 1955–6, whose responses differed substantially from this received view. By bringing domestic Egyptian political struggles to the foreground of this international crisis, the article will offer a more nuanced view of the origins of Suez in British planning, and of its significance for contemporary Egyptians. The conclusion will seek to explain how a collection of sometimes extreme nationalists could take such a counter-intuitive position in the Suez crisis through exploring the diversity of nationalist thought in the Egypt of the 1950s.

Islam and Its Impact on Women's Status and Role in Egypt

Gender relations in Islam has been the subject of serious debates among scholars in Egypt for many decades. One of the central questions was whether the status and role of women in Egypt were and are primarily influenced by Islam, or they should also be attributed to other social, economic, cultural and political factors. This study will look at the status and role of women in modern Egypt. It is commonly known that traditions based largely on religion (including Islam) and superstition are strong elements in the Egyptian culture. However, this study will show that the inequity in gender relations in modern Egypt should be more attributed to socioeconomic factors than to those religious or theological beliefs. On the other hand, one cannot overlook the formative influence of Islam on the roles of women and men in the country both in the past and in the present. The study suggests that attempts to reinterpret, reassess and re-actualize Islamic doctrines and practices pertaining to the equal status and roles of women in the context of Egyptian culture should also be considered in order to alter the women and men’s perception on gender relations.

Dialect and stance-taking by non-Egyptian celebrities in Egypt

AbstractThis article explores the stance of non-Egyptian celebrities performing in Egyptian Colloquial Arabic (ECA) and/or living in Egypt. These celebrities are forced by the Egyptian media to take a stance towards ECA and Egypt, and engage in the ongoing dialogue concerning Egypt’s cultural role. Meta-linguistic, as well as linguistic, resources become the focal point of a struggle for dominance. Over the last five years, there have been intense debates regarding the role of Egypt as a cultural hub in relation to the Egyptian media. This is due to the increasing threat from other emerging cultural hubs – such as Dubai and Lebanon – both of which have greater financial resources and allow the use of other Arabic dialects. The data utilised for this research includes television and newspaper interviews, articles, as well as performances by non-Egyptians. One particularly relevant example is that of Russian/Armenian belly dancer Ṣāfināz who currently resides in Egypt.

Emergence of Intellectual Middle Class and its Role in Egypt’s Changes

Emergence of Intellectual Middle Class and its Role in Egypt’s Changes

Al-Azhar University and Its Role in Egypt’s Social-Political Changes

Al-Azhar University and Its Role in Egypt’s Social-Political Changes

Maximizing The Role of Egypt's Foreign Commodity Trade to Support Economic Growth

Maximizing The Role of Egypt's Foreign Commodity Trade to Support Economic Growth

'Economic Policy of the World Bank in the Egypt During the Period 2000-2010: Is it Politicized?'

My research topic will be: 'Economic Policy of the World Bank in the Egypt during the period 2000-2010: Is it Politicized?'Main theme: The basic idea of the research is to examine whether there are direct or indirect political impacts of the economic policy and operations of the bank in Egypt.Time period:The research will focus on the operations of the Bank during the Period 2000-2010.Questions I will try to answer in my thesis:1. What is the official mission and the real role of the World Bank in today’s world?2. Does this role or mission have political impacts in the world?3. What is the Economic system imposed by the World Bank in the region?4. Is the role of the World Bank affected by the political situation in Egypt?5. What are the historical backgrounds of the WB operations in Egypt?6. What are the targets and goals of such operations?Hypothesis of the research:The World Bank role in Egypt is conditioned by the international and regional political situation, the policies of development investments and the policy-making process of the board of directors of the Bank. Although World Bank operations will help Egypt to reach sustainable economic growth, those operations might face obstacles due to the lack of political and economic integration in the Middle East region.Structure of the Research:Part IThe World Bank from inside:1. Mission of the WB according to the Bank itself.2. Historical background.3. The voting power in the Board.4. Structural adjustment programs.5. Reforms within the WB.6. The bank assistance programs.7. The relation between the WB and The United States.Part IIThe World Bank and Egypt1. Historical background about the relation between the WB and Egypt.2. Egyptian Economic progress.3. The WB evaluation to the economic situation in Egypt in 2001.4. The WB evaluation to the economic situation in Egypt in 2005.5. The WB evaluation to the economic situation in Egypt in 2008.6. Developments from 2008 till 2010.Part IIIThe final analysis1. The current International Economic system.2. Has Egypt followed the WB ?and what about the social and political prices?3. Is there another option for Egypt?4. Economic integration in the Middle East and its future with regards to the deterioration in the Peace process.

The Role of Egypt in the Yemeni Revolution 1962 – 1967: A Historical Study

The Role of Egypt in the Yemeni Revolution 1962 – 1967: A Historical Study

Immigration to Egypt

With more than three million Egyptians abroad, Egypt is always regarded in the migration literature as a labor-sending country. Hundreds of articles and books were written on Egypt as a sending country, while few articles regarded Egypt as a receiving country. This paper is an attempt to shed light on the role of Egypt as a country of immigration, rather than emigration. Since most of the immigrant populations in Egypt are refugees, the main focus of this paper is the exploration of refugee communities in Egypt and their socioeconomic, juridical, and political situation. Key gaps in the literature are also identified.

The Role of Egypt in Africa from the Arab Conquest until the End of Viceroys' s period 27-184 AH./ 647-800 دور مصر في إفريقية من الفتح العربي حتى نهاية عصر الولاة 647-800م

يتناول هذا البحث دور مصر في غفريقية او في الفتوحات افسلامية لإفريقية وإلى اي مدى کان لها تاثيرا کبيرا على تلک البلاد بعلمائها وجنودها وغير ذلک

古代エジプト王銘付ガラス容器の分析と解釈

Resent research on ancient Near Eastern vitreous materials by non-destructive X-ray fluorescence revealed regional differences in glass manufacture based on chemical composition. Our high-powered synchrotron radiation energy-source enabled us to detect rare earth and heavy trace elements, which provided a chemical signature for the glass. In this study, we compared two ancient Egyptian glass vessels with Roman and Parthian glass.The Egyptian vessels, both bearing the name of Amenhetep III of the 18th dynasty, had nearly identical chemical compositions, suggesting that they were manufactured from the same batch of glass. The coloring agents include copper for blue, and antimony for white. The importation of antimony to supply the glass industry is further evidence of Egypt's role in international commerce.We then compared the 18th dynasty vessels with other glass specimens from Roman Egypt and the contemporary Parthian glass. The specimen for Roman glass was mainly obtained from Malkata South, a site close to the palace of Amenhetep III in Egypt. Other Parthian samples came from the site of Deilaman, Iran. The data revealed clear compositional differences between the 14th century BC glass and Roman/Iranian glass. However, the Roman glass was not easily distinguished from the contemporary Iranian glass. The homogeneity of these glass samples suggests that the ingredients for making glass were obtained from the same geographic location.During Graeco-Roman and Byzantine periods, a number of primary glass industries sprouted along the eastern Mediterranean coast. It appears that these local industries contributed to the creation of a vast commercial network throughout the Near East.

Biographical dictionary of modern Egypt

Provides biographical sketches and source material for about 400 men and women who have played a major role in Egypt's national life. Entries range in length from half a page to two pages, and describe the contributions of politicians, writers, diplomats, religious leaders, and scholars, as well as founders of newspapers, department stores, theatrical troupes, and innovative techniques of visual representation. Earliest figures profiled are from the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

Economic Sectors in Egypt and Their Managerial Implications

This study uses ethnographic data collection methods to investigate entrepreneurial sectors and types in Egypt. First, three sectors-formal, informal, and state controlled-were identified. Their characteristics and business practices were discussed. In the formal sector relationships rely on a set of impersonally defined relationships and transactions maximize benefits based on rational decision making. The bazaar sector transactions are numerous and rely on personal relationships. The state controlled sector is bureaucratic and aims to minimize competition. Second, the role of Egypt's Small Enterprise Credit Program in assisting entrepreneurs in the informal sector was discussed. Last, the managerial implications were presented.