Role Of Diversity Research Articles

조직 구성원의 연령 다양성과 기업 성과 및 이직률 관계 연구: 인적자본 유입의 조절효과 검증

This study investigates the influence of age diversity on firm outcomes (i.e. firm performance and employee turnover rates) with the moderating effects of human capital inflow. The Categorization Elaboration Model (CEM) suggests that the key process that enables positive effects of diversity depends on the task-related information elaboration process, while socially categorizing each other hinders this process, resulting in the negative influence of diversity. Based on this model, we suggest that age diversity may have mixed effects on firm performance and employee turnover rates, suggesting both positive and negative effects. In line with human capital literature, we also argue that human capital inflow can determine the functional or dysfunctional effects of age diversity on firm performance and employee turnover rates. In particular, we argue that an increase in the influx of human capital leads to the formation of relationships, which in turn suppresses existing social categorization processes and enhances the positive effects of diversity. Using a sample of 283 Korean firms from Korean Women Manager Panel (KWMP) data, our findings show that age diversity is positively related to firm performance and negatively associated with employee turnover rates, suggesting the functional role of age diversity. Additionally, we find that human capital inflow significantly strengthens the functional effects of age diversity. Our study contributes to the literature on diversity and human capital by demonstrating the joint effects of diversity and human capital management.

Perceptions of stimulant and buprenorphine diversion and strategies to address it.

There is ongoing policy debate on the prescribing of controlled substances such as buprenorphine and stimulants via telemedicine. The goal of federal and state policymakers is to ensure access to care while limiting diversion risk. However, there is little evidence on how clinicians view and address diversion and on telemedicine's role in diversion. From December 2023 to January 2024, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 21 psychiatrists and primary care physicians engaged in hybrid (telemedicine and in-person) care models in which we explored perceptions of diversion and strategies used to monitor for diversion. Most physicians reported monitoring for diversion, but there was little consistency on how monitoring was done and reported strategies did not differ between telemedicine vs in-person care. When physicians suspected diversion, there was also wide variation in responses: some clinicians did not immediately take any action while others imposed more requirements on patients (e.g., more frequent visits), no longer prescribed the controlled substance, or terminated the patient from their practice. Few physicians had ever reported a case of suspected diversion to law enforcement. Our findings suggest that the Drug Enforcement Administration could clarify reporting requirements and professional societies could provide additional guidance on how to respond to suspected diversion, given the current variation in practice across clinicians could be exploited by individuals who want to divert.

Exploring Cafe Atmosphere and Service Excellence Effects on Customer Loyalty Globally

This study explores the impact of cafe atmosphere, menu diversity, and service excellence on customer loyalty at Istoria Cafe Sidoarjo. Using a quantitative approach with data from 97 respondents, the analysis reveals that cafe atmosphere significantly influences customer loyalty, while menu diversity shows no significant impact. Service excellence, however, plays a crucial role in enhancing customer loyalty. These findings highlight the importance of creating a captivating ambiance and providing exceptional service to foster customer loyalty in the competitive food and beverage industry, offering valuable insights for cafe owners and managers aiming to improve business performance. Highlight: Ambiance Affects Loyalty: Atmosphere influences customer loyalty at Istoria Cafe Sidoarjo. Service Key to Loyalty: Excellent service crucial for fostering customer loyalty. Menu Diversity's Role: Limited impact on customer loyalty identified in the study. Keyword: Cafe atmosphere, Menu diversity, Service excellence, Customer loyalty, Istoria Cafe Sidoarjo.

Synergies of Success: Investigating the Role of Employee Diversity on Organizational Performance

Synergies of Success: Investigating the Role of Employee Diversity on Organizational Performance

Corporate Governance Mechanism for Carbon Emission Disclosure: Evidence from State-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore how governance-related determinants affect carbon emission disclosure; if yes, whether government ownership, board diversity, and firm size mediates the relation between these determinants and carbon emission disclosure. We test ownership structure and firm-specific characteristics (board diversity, audit reputation, firm size, audit quality, leverage, and return on asset) towards carbon emission disclosure. Design/methodology/approach: Panel data analysis is used on a final sample of 120 firm-year observations of state-owned enterprises, having published sustainability reports with CED within the last 10 years (2012 - 2021). The direct and mediating effects were tested based on two econometric models and Sobel-Goodman test was conducted to check for the robustness. Findings: Results find that government ownership and board diversity can be employed as a corporate governance mechanism to facilitate public, institutional ownership and audit reputation respectively, towards improved accountability and transparency of CED. Smaller firms with lower financial performance tend to be more motivated to participate in CED in order to attract investment. Research limitations/implications: Several implications arise for various stakeholders including policymakers, and regulatory bodies interested in enhancing sustainability disclosure of firms through good CG mechanism, especially for firms with high government ownership. The findings of this research have wide implications in formulating an efficient CG mechanism for developing countries as SOEs are still prevalent. Originality/value: This study proposes the role of government ownership and board diversity as a CG mechanism and contributes to the voluntary literature, in particular, the link between CG determinants and practices underlying CED.

Plant diversity effects on soil multistability

Soil is the basis for life on Earth as we know it. Healthy and stable soil is a prerequisite for well-functioning terrestrial ecosystems and has, thus, been proposed to play a key role in plant diversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. The overall objective of this sub-project is to study multidimensional soil stability as affected by plant diversity in a long-term plant diversity experiment. We designed three coordinated work packages (WPs) to comprehensively assess soil multistability to environmental fluctuations and climate extremes by considering the biological, chemical and physical dimensions that are key for soil functioning. We will use all unique facilities and approaches of the Jena Experiment Research Unit by combining synthesis of long-term data in the Main Experiment and the ΔBEF Experiment with performing new soil analyses in the DrY Experiment, the ResCUE Experiment and a joint CoMic Experiment, to gain a better mechanistic understanding of plant diversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. In close collaboration with other sub-projects, we will assess biological, chemical and physical soil properties and stability indicators that will be used to calculate soil multifunctionality and multistability indices. In WP1, we will build on three unique datasets to explore short-term and long-term effects of plant diversity on the stability of soil (microbial) properties. In WP2, we will combine different datasets and approaches to explore if plant diversity effects on the magnitude and stability of soil properties increase with abiotic and biotic stresses. In WP3, we will combine measurements of the above-mentioned dimensions of soil stability to explore if plant diversity increases the stability of multiple soil properties under hot drought. This sub-project is at the heart of the Research Unit by testing the overarching hypotheses outlined in the Coordination Proposal of the Jena Experiment, contributing to all main experiments, sharing data and performing joint sampling campaigns with all sub-projects and, at the same time, introducing a novel concept of soil multistability as affected by plant diversity and climate extremes. We propose to use a combination of simple, high-throughput (e.g. bait-lamina test) and more sophisticated methods (e.g. extracellular polymeric substances analyses) to be able to investigate temporal dynamics of soil processes and their mechanistic basis. Taken together, the results of the three WPs will provide new insights into the stabilising mechanisms of soil properties in the long term and in relation to climate extremes through plant diversity.

Feminismo(s) y narrativa(s). De cuerpos, sangre y glitter

This work starts from a theoretical and analytical perspective to discuss the narratives of feminism and its adjectives, its struggles, and manifestations in the public and political sphere. For this purpose, the article is divided in three parts. The first one gathers the terms feminism and gender to account for the existence of relations of domination and subordination between men and women; but also, to point out that from these categories and their concrete manifestations, analysis, criticism, and confrontation are possible. The second deals with the role of human diversity, of the different bodies and voices in the exercise of politics and its meaning, which is freedom. The third, on the other hand, points out the presence of diverse strategies for the appropriation of public sphere, rescuing that all of them have a common thread: the concern for life.

Analyzing The Role Of Workforce Diversity On Employee Performance With Special Reference To It Sector

Analyzing The Role Of Workforce Diversity On Employee Performance With Special Reference To It Sector

Developmental isoform diversity in the human neocortex informs neuropsychiatric risk mechanisms.

RNA splicing is highly prevalent in the brain and has strong links to neuropsychiatric disorders; yet, the role of cell type-specific splicing and transcript-isoform diversity during human brain development has not been systematically investigated. In this work, we leveraged single-molecule long-read sequencing to deeply profile the full-length transcriptome of the germinal zone and cortical plate regions of the developing human neocortex at tissue and single-cell resolution. We identified 214,516 distinct isoforms, of which 72.6% were novel (not previously annotated in Gencode version 33), and uncovered a substantial contribution of transcript-isoform diversity-regulated by RNA binding proteins-in defining cellular identity in the developing neocortex. We leveraged this comprehensive isoform-centric gene annotation to reprioritize thousands of rare de novo risk variants and elucidate genetic risk mechanisms for neuropsychiatric disorders.

Globalization and Its Impact on Cultural Management and Creative Economy

Introduction. Globalization affects cultural management and the creative economy, creating new opportunities and challenges through international integration and technological innovation. The development of effective management strategies in a global environment is becoming increasingly relevant in view of its scientific novelty and practical significance. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the study is to provide a deeper understanding of the impact of globalization on cultural management and the creative economy by analyzing the interactions between global processes and cultural industries. The study focuses on a comprehensive analysis of the impact of globalization on cultural management and the creative economy. In particular, it is based on an integrative approach and the use of system analysis methods. Results. The results of the study show that globalization affects cultural industries, creating new challenges and opportunities. The analysis of globalization processes has shown that changes in the global economic and cultural landscape shape the prospects for the creative sector. In particular, the aspects of digital transformation, intellectual property protection, the role of cultural diversity and international collaboration were explored. Conclusions. The article summarizes the impact of globalization on cultural management and the creative economy, highlighting its role as a catalyst for change that generates challenges and new opportunities in these areas.

Stand spatial structure and microbial diversity are key drivers of soil multifunctionality during secondary succession in degraded karst forests

Studying the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality (the ability of ecosystems to provide multiple ecosystem functions) (BEMF) is a current hotspot in ecology research. Previous studies on BEMF emphasized the role of plant and microbial diversity but rarely mention stand spatial structure. To investigate the effect of stand spatial structure on BEMF, this study established 30 forest dynamic plots in three natural restoration stages (shrubbery, secondary growth forest, and old-growth forest) in Maolan National Nature Reserve, Guizhou province, China. A positive response in soil multifunctionality (SMF), plant species diversity, stand spatial structure, and fungal β diversity (p < 0.05) followed natural restoration. However, bacterial β diversity showed a negative response (p < 0.05), while microbial α diversity remained unchanged (p > 0.05). These results based on a structural equation model showed that plant species diversity had no direct or indirect effect on SMF, soil microbial diversity was the only direct driver of SMF, and stand spatial structure indirectly affected SMF through soil microbial diversity. The random forest model showed that soil microbial β diversity and the Shannon-Wiener index of the diameter at breast height for woody plant species were the optimal variables to characterize SMF and soil microbial diversity, respectively. These results suggested that natural restoration promoted SMF, and microbial diversity had a direct positive effect on SMF. In the meantime, stand spatial structure had a significant indirect effect on SMF, while plant species diversity did not. Future work on degraded karst forest restoration should direct more attention to the role of the stand spatial structure and emphasize the importance of biodiversity.

Predicting the Predicted: A Comparison of Machine Learning-Based Collision Cross-Section Prediction Models for Small Molecules.

The application of machine learning (ML) to -omics research is growing at an exponential rate owing to the increasing availability of large amounts of data for model training. Specifically, in metabolomics, ML has enabled the prediction of tandem mass spectrometry and retention time data. More recently, due to the advent of ion mobility, new ML models have been introduced for collision cross-section (CCS) prediction, but those have been trained with different and relatively small data sets covering a few thousands of small molecules, which hampers their systematic comparison. Here, we compared four existing ML-based CCS prediction models and their capacity to predict CCS values using the recently introduced METLIN-CCS data set. We also compared them with simple linear models and with ML models that used fingerprints as regressors. We analyzed the role of structural diversity of the data on which the ML models are trained with and explored the practical application of these models for metabolite annotation using CCS values. Results showed a limited capability of the existing models to achieve the necessary accuracy to be adopted for routine metabolomics analysis. We showed that for a particular molecule, this accuracy could only be improved when models were trained with a large number of structurally similar counterparts. Therefore, we suggest that current annotation capabilities will only be significantly altered with models trained with heterogeneous data sets composed of large homogeneous hubs of structurally similar molecules to those being predicted.

Dynamic Analysis of the Locomotion Mechanism in Foxtail Robots: Frictional Anisotropy and Bristle Diversity.

This study investigated the locomotion mechanism of foxtail robots, focusing on the frictional anisotropy of tilted bristles under the same friction coefficient and propulsion strategy using bristle diversity. Through dynamic analysis and simulations, we confirmed the frictional anisotropy of tilted bristles and elucidated the role of bristle diversity in generating propulsive force. The interaction between contact nonuniformity and frictional anisotropy was identified as the core principle enabling foxtail locomotion. Simulations of foxtail robots with multiple bristles demonstrated that variations in bristle length, angle, and deformation contribute to propulsive force generation and environmental adaptability. In addition, this study analyzed the influence of major design parameters on frictional anisotropy, highlighting the critical roles of body height, bristle length, stiffness, reference angle, and friction coefficient. The proposed guidelines for designing foxtail robots emphasize securing bristle nonuniformity and inducing contact nonuniformity. The simulation framework presented enables the quantitative prediction and optimization of foxtail robot performance. This research provides valuable insights into foxtail robot locomotion and lays a foundation for the development of efficient and adaptive next-generation robots for diverse environments.

Linking executive pay to ESG goals: the role of board gender diversity

PurposeIn recent years, US firms have increasingly integrated ESG performance goals into their executive remuneration packages. This study examines the relationship between board gender diversity and the tendency of firms to incorporate ESG metrics in performance-based compensation using data from US firms. The key questions this study addresses are: Are firms with more females on the board more likely to link executive compensation metrics? What components and types of ESG metrics are more likely to be adopted by firms with more females on the board?.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs OLS regression, logistic regression, as well as instrumental variable, propensity score matching, and entropy balance methods to establish causality.FindingsThis study finds that firms with gender-diverse boards are more likely to shape their executive remuneration plans to be more ESG-oriented. The most significant positive relationship is observed with environmental and social sub-categories. The results also demonstrate that female directors are more likely to encourage firms to evaluate managers based on absolute and short-term ESG goals.Originality/valueThis study is one of the early studies that examine the adoption of ESG performance goals into executive compensation plans. It contributes to the existing literature by exploring the relationship between board gender diversity and the probability of firms incorporating ESG performance goals into executive compensation packages using a sample of US firms.

Increase in potato yield by the combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer: key role of rhizosphere microbial diversity.

The large-scale planting of potatoes leads to soil degradation, thus limiting the potato yield. An effective method of improving soil quality involves the combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer. However, the proportion of biochar and organic fertilizer at which potato yield can be improved, as well as the improvement mechanism, remain unclear. A combined application experiment involving biochar (B) and organic fertilizer (O) with four concentration gradients was conducted using the equal carbon ratio method. On this basis, rhizosphere soil fertility, bacterial community composition, and bacterial diversity in potato crops, as well as the potato yield difference under different combined application ratios, were investigated. Then, the direct and indirect effects of these factors on potato yield were analyzed. The results suggest that soil fertility was improved by the combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer, with the best effect being achieved at a ratio of B:O=1:2. The dominant bacterial communities in the potato rhizosphere included Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes. When compared to the control, the relative abundance and diversity index of soil bacteria were significantly improved by the treatment at B:O=1:2, which exerted a stronger effect on improving the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria. Soil available phosphorus (AP), soil pH (SpH), and soil organic carbon (SOC) explained 47.52% of the variation in bacterial composition. Among them, the main factor was the content of soil available nutrients, while SpH generated the weakest effect. The bacterial diversity index showed a significant positive correlation with soil AP, SOC, available potassium (AK), total nitrogen (TN), and C/N ratio, and a significant negative correlation with SpH. Bacterial diversity directly affected the potato yield, while soil fertility indirectly affected potato yield by influencing the soil bacterial diversity. The combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer elevates potato yield mainly by improving the diversity of bacterial communities in potato rhizosphere soil, especially the combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer at a 1:2 ratio (biochar 0.66 t ha-1+organic fertilizer 4.46 t ha-1), which made the largest contribution to increasing potato yield.

Morpho-Physiological Characterization of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum) Genotypes of the Andigenum and Phureja Group from the Working Collection of the Universidad De Nariño

This study presents the morpho-physiological characterization of potato (Solanum tuberosum) genotypes from the Andigenum and Phureja groups, cultivated at the Nariño, Colombia. The research addresses the vital role of genetic diversity in agricultural sustainability and food security, highlighting the importance of genetic resources for crop improvement and ecosystem stability. The study utilized a comprehensive morphological characterization based on both qualitative and quantitative descriptors to assess genetic variability within the university's potato collection. This approach allowed for the identification of duplicates, the enhancement of a morphological database, and insights into the genetic diversity of the collections. Using techniques like Multiple Correspondence Analysis (ACM) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), distinct clusters of genotypes were identified, which were highly influenced by their ploidy levels. Results indicated significant morphological variation between diploid Phureja and tetraploid Andigenum genotypes. Phureja genotypes showed greater similarity among themselves compared to the more diverse Andigenum group. This morphological diversity is importante for the identification of specific traits beneficial for breeding programs, such as resistance to environmental stresses and diseases. The study underscores the importance of maintaining genetic diversity within potato germplasm collections, facilitating the selection of genotypes with desirable agronomic traits. The findings contribute significantly to the understanding of the genetic and morphological foundations necessary for the future genetic improvement of the potato, a staple food crop with profound implications for global food security. The geographic distribution of the genotypes also suggested a correlation between morphological traits and geographic locations, reinforcing the role of local adaptation in crop diversity and resilience.

The role of institutional diversity in sustainable water use: Performance comparison among water user organizations

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the performance of water user organizations (WUOs) in the agricultural sector in terms of their managerial efficiency. A survey was carried out across the study area to evaluate 67 WUOs, including irrigation cooperatives, municipalities, village legal entities (VLEs) and water user associations (WUAs). The findings were then used to create a management performance index. It has been determined that municipalities excel in terms of physical performance, irrigation cooperatives in enterprise and social performance and WUAs in institutional and investment performance. The general management performance index revealed that the most successful WUOs in the Konya closed basin were WUAs. Therefore, proposals have been put forward to begin institutionalization processes in other institutions to attain the successful institutionalization in WUAs. Additionally, the shift towards prepaid systems is recommended to mitigate collection problems, while water should be priced according to the full cost method. Finally, supporting the use of alternative energy sources for irrigation is crucial.

Effect of coastal hypoxia on bacterial diversity as elucidated through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing

The formation of oxygen-depleted zones in the bottom waters is one of the most widespread phenomena in coastal areas. Upwelling episodes along India’s west coast due to the southwest monsoon increase biological productivity, further lowering the dissolved oxygen in the upwelled waters, which intensifies annually between June and October. Here, we have determined the changes in the microbial community in response to the varying oxygen levels and other physicochemical parameters at the Candolim Time Series Station using high-throughput sequencing. Amplicon Sequence Variants across all the samples collected in different seasons were mostly affiliated to the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes and Planctomycetes, with the most dominant being Proteobacteria (21-41%). Statistical analysis revealed that microbial diversity differed significantly with changing DO, ammonia, nitrate and nitrite concentrations during different seasons. The microbial community shift due to seasonal hypoxia results in the differential biogeochemical cycling of essential nutrients, with certain years seeing redox conditions up to sulphate reduction while certain years seeing only nitrogen loss. Future global warming scenarios will serve as a big challenge for understanding the role of microbial diversity and its implications in the cycling of natural elements.

Firm risk associated with environmental and corporate social disclosure: The moderating role of board gender diversity

AbstractThis study examines the relationship among corporate social and environmental disclosures, firm risk, and board gender diversity. This paper offers fresh insights into the relationship between corporate social and environmental disclosures and gender diversity and firm risk., Using panel data of Chinese nonfinancial A‐share‐listed companies from 2008 to 2020, we discover that the correlation between gender diversity on the board and corporate social and environmental disclosures has a significant negative influence on firm risk. The findings also revealed that the impact of gender diversity and corporate social and environmental disclosures is more pronounced to mitigate firm risk in nonstate‐owned enterprises than in state‐owned enterprises. For robustness, we used the generalized method of moments to control for reverse causality and endogenous variables' existence; the findings are similar to the main results. The study contributes to the literature by offering a contingency approach to examine the relationship between corporate social and environmental disclosures and firm risk and sheds light on the relationship in the context of a developing economy.

The paradox between means and end: workforce nationality diversity and a strategic CSR approach to avoid greenwashing in tourism accommodations

This paper provides tourism companies with new solutions to enhance sustainable value creation through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), following a triple bottom line approach. We consider the driving role of workforce nationality diversity (WND) on CSR, and we highlight the role of a strategic CSR orientation as a mediator in the CSR-performance relationship. We apply the PLS-SEM technique to 202 coastal accommodations in Spain that make up the study sample. The results show a positive direct effect between WND and CSR practices. Furthermore, when accommodations integrate their CSR actions into the corporate strategy through a strategic CSR orientation, the bottom-line effects of CSR activities are enhanced. We draw useful conclusions for both managers and academics in the sector. First, we extend the traditional economic focus on WND to the analysis of its benefits for CSR. This encourages companies to take advantage of their classic diversity characteristic to improve the development of their responsible practices. Second, we highlight the need to integrate CSR actions into the core business of the company to create value and to avoid the practices of greenwashing and greenhushing.