Role Of Dietary Intake Research Articles

Dietary and cardio-metabolic risk factors in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: cross-sectional study.

BackgroundLittle is known about the role of dietary intake in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which could prove important in improving clinical outcomes for people with obesity and/or cardiovascular disease within these populations. Reduction in energy intake typically results in weight loss, markedly improving metabolic parameters and ameliorating OSA severity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of dietary and cardio-metabolic risk factors with OSA severity.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. A total of 75 volunteers at risk of OSA were recruited from 153 patients suffering from sleep disturbance at the Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology at the Poznan University of Medical Sciences. Polysomnography was used for OSA diagnosis. Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Blood pressure, parameters of glucose (fasting glucose, glucose tolerance test) and lipid metabolism (TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG) were assessed using routine enzymatic methods. Dietary intake was evaluated by 24-hr dietary recalls and Food Frequency Questionnaire. Ordinal logistic regression models were used for association of background characteristics and dietary intake with OSA severity. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking and alcohol intake.ResultsA higher percentage of smokers were observed in patients with mild OSA, while alcohol intake was the highest in severe OSA patients. Approximately 60% of the studied patients were self-reported poor sleepers. Results from ordinal logistic regression models showed that higher intakes of alcohol intake were associated with increased odds of severe OSA; whereas higher HDL-C levels were associated with lower odds (OR 0.01; 95% CI [0.0003–0.55]). Significantly higher odds of high OSA severity were observed in patients with disturbed sleep stages and obstructive sleep apnea. Moreover, the investigation of nutrient intake in relation to OSA severity showed that a higher intake of dietary fiber was associated with decreased OSA severity (OR 0.84; 95% CI [0.71–0.98]).ConclusionsThe severity of OSA is related to higher alcohol consumption and disturbed sleep. The significantly lower dietary fiber intake in patients with severe OSA is of particular importance for dietary consulting in clinical practice, which may positively influence cardiometabolic outcomes.

Adenovirus 36 infection: a role in dietary intake and response to inpatient weight management in obese girls.

Human adenovirus 36 (Adv36) increases adiposity and is more prevalent in overweight and obese children. Dietary intake in animal models is comparable regardless of Adv36 status. The effects of Adv36 on obesity treatment outcomes have not been clarified. The aim of this study is to investigate the pre-treatment dietary intake and the response to a 4-week inpatient weight management in 184 obese adolescent girls aged 13.0-17.9 years with respect to the presence of Adv36 antibodies. Evaluation of 3-day dietary records did not show any difference in daily intake of energy and essential nutrients between Adv36 antibody positive and negative girls. After the intervention Adv36 positive girls presented with significantly greater decrease of waist circumference (P=0.020), z-score of waist circumference (P=0.024), waist-to-hip ratio (P=0.007) and weight-to-height ratio (P=0.019) compared with Adv36 negative girls. On the contrary, the sum of four skinfolds decreased significantly more in Adv36 negative than in Adv36 positive individuals (P=0.013). Neither body fat percentage nor metabolic and hormonal parameters showed any significant relevance to Adv36 status in response to weight loss intervention. In conclusion, energy restriction in Adv36 antibody positive girls was associated with greater decrease of abdominal obesity and preservation of subcutaneous fat tissue than in those antibody negative.

Weight gain and reduced energy expenditure in low-income Brazilian women living in slums: a 4-year follow-up study.

The present study aimed to investigate the possible changes in anthropometric and biochemical parameters in low-income women living in the outskirts of Maceió (northeast Brazil), and to explore the possible role of dietary intake and physical activity in these changes. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in a cohort of mothers of malnourished children who attended the Center for Nutritional Recovery and Education, an outreach programme of the Federal University of Alagoas. Socio-economic, anthropometric, biochemical and dietary intake data were assessed at baseline and after a follow-up period of 4 years. Energy expenditure (using doubly labelled water) and physical activity (using triaxial accelerometers) were assessed only in a subgroup of women after 4 years. A total of eighty-five women were assessed. Participants showed an altered biochemical profile, increased systolic blood pressure, decreased thyroid hormone levels, and body-weight gain. However, dietary intakes of the participants did not include large quantities of highly processed and high-glycaemic index foods. The energy intake of the participants did not differ from their total energy expenditure (7990.3 (7173.7-8806.8) v. 8798.1 (8169.0-9432.4) kJ, respectively; P= 0.084). Multivariate analyses showed a significant effect of time spent watching television (β = 0.639 (0.003 to 1.275); P= 0.048) and dietary diversity score (β = -1.039 ( -2.010 to -0.067); P = 0.036) on weight gain. The present study indicates that poor women, who are mothers of malnourished children and have a reasonably balanced dietary intake, exhibit weight gain and are at risk of developing chronic diseases.

Nutrient and food intakes differ among Latina subgroups during pregnancy

To document nutrient and food group serving intakes from food sources among Latina subgroups living in the same geographical area. A cross-sectional study. Nutrient and food group serving intakes were assessed by means of a 24 h recall administered immediately after a prenatal survey. Hartford, CT, USA. A total of 233 low-income pregnant Latinas. For analyses, Latinas were classified into two groups on the basis of self-reported ethnic identity: Puerto Ricans and non-Puerto Rican Latinas. Puerto Rican Latinas were more likely than non-Puerto Rican Latinas to be more acculturated and to consume foods (i.e. processed meat, cheese, soft drinks) and higher levels of nutrients (i.e. fat, SFA, MUFA, trans fatty acids) that have been implicated in the development of chronic diseases. By contrast, non-Puerto Rican Latinas were more likely to consume foods (i.e. fruits, dark green/yellow vegetables, tomatoes, non-starchy vegetables) and higher levels of nutrients (i.e. fibre, vegetable protein, folate, β-carotene) that promote health when compared with Puerto Rican Latinas. Findings suggest that acculturation may play a role in dietary intake. Clinicians and dietitians need to be aware of these differences to encourage healthy eating patterns among more acculturated pregnant Latina clients.

Proximal myopathy in lacto-vegetarian Asian patients responding to Vitamin D and calcium supplement therapy - two case reports and review of the literature

IntroductionSevere proximal myopathy can occasionally be the first presenting complaint of patients with osteomalacia. This may lead to investigations and misdiagnosis of a neuromuscular disease, rather than a metabolic bone disease.Case presentationsWe present here two cases of severe proximal myopathy in patients who were both of South Asian origin and lacto-vegetarians: a 31-year-old Indian man and a 34-year-old Indian woman. In both cases, their clinical symptoms fully resolved following vitamin D and calcium replacement therapy. These patients were at risk of osteomalacia due to their dietary intake and ethnicity. The role of dietary intake and sunlight exposure in the development of osteomalacia in certain ethnic groups living in Western Europe is reviewed here.ConclusionThese two cases emphasize the importance of recognizing osteomalacia in at-risk individuals, as the condition is reversible and easily treated with vitamin D and calcium supplementation. It may also help avoid prolonged and unnecessary investigations of these patients.

Plasma folate's association with depressive symptoms among US adults: the role of dietary intake and diet quality

Folate deficiency has been implicated in the etiology of unipolar depression. Using a population‐based study of 1,681 subjects aged 30–64 years (Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Lifespan Study) the association of folate with depressive symptoms, measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES‐D), was examined. Folate was measured by plasma levels and dietary intakes based on two 24‐hr recalls. The 2005‐Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was computed. Multivariate logistic regression and structural equation modeling (SM) were conducted. Compared to the lowest tertile, the middle and uppermost tertiles of plasma folate were associated with a 39–40% reduced odds of elevated CES‐D (≥16) among women [adjusted OR (T3 vs. T1)=0.60(95% CI=0.42–0.86), P=0.006]. Confounding of this association by HEItotal was noted, though dietary folate did not confound this association appreciably. In SM, plasma folate completely mediated the inverse HEItotal‐CES‐D association among men only, particularly in six HEI components. Among women, HEItotal and four components had an inverse direct effect on CES‐D score suggesting an independent mechanism from plasma folate. Depressive symptoms may be alleviated by improving dietary quality with plasma folate playing a potential mediating role only among men.Plasma folate's association with depressive symptoms among US adults: the role of dietary intake and diet quality

Dietary intake and depressive symptoms: A systematic review of observational studies

The importance of research into the possible role of dietary intake in depressive symptoms is emphasized by the fact that diet is modifiable. We systematically reviewed observational studies investigating the association between dietary intake and depressive symptoms published in English as of December 2008. Using the PubMed database, 34 publications (23 cross-sectional, 10 prospective cohort, and 1 case-control studies) were identified. The number of subjects (n=80-27,111), age of subjects (15-97 years), dietary assessment method (dietary record, diet history interview, and validated and non-validated dietary questionnaire), depressive symptom assessment (discharge diagnosis, established scale, and self-reported information) varied among studies. Dietary variables most frequently investigated included long chain n-3 PUFA, fish, folate, and other B vitamins. Most studies found no association between dietary variables and depressive symptoms. However, most studies included at least one important methodological limitation, such as no inference for causality, unreliable or rough assessment of diet or depressive symptoms, inadequate treatment of potential confounding factors, and ignorance of the possible mediating or confounding influence of other dietary variables. Further evidence from well-designed observational studies is required to confirm or refute the association between dietary intake and depressive symptoms in free-living settings.

Perfluoroalkane Acids: Apelberg et al. Respond

We thank Scialli for his interest in our study (Apelberg et al. 2007). As he notes, we recognize that several factors could be responsible for the relationships observed between cord serum concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate/perfluorooctanoate (PFOS/PFOA) and birth weight, head circumference, and ponderal index in our study. Although diet may be a source of exposure (including consumption of polyfluoroalkyl compounds used in fast-food packaging), we are not aware of any evidence that such diets are associated with smaller size at birth. In fact, they may be related to obesity, which is associated with larger birth size (Surkan et al. 2004). Despite existing knowledge gaps on exposure pathways and the role of dietary intake, we do know that in our study, adjusting for body mass index of the mother had little impact on the associations observed.

Predictors of low bone mineral density in the elderly: the role of dietary intake, nutritional status and sarcopenia

The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia, dietary intake, nutritional indices and hip bone mineral density (BMD) in the elderly, and to estimate the risk of low BMD due to specific independent predictor thresholds. Body mass index (BMI), serum albumin, energy and protein intake were studied in 352 elderly outpatients (216 women aged 73.5+/-5.3 years and 136 men aged 73.9+/-5.6 years). BMD at different hip sites and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The prevalence of osteoporosis was 13% in men and 45% in women, while the prevalence of sarcopenia (50%) and hypoalbuminemia (5%) were similar in both genders. BMI, albumin and ASMM were significantly associated with BMD in both genders: so was protein intake, but only in men. By multiple regression analysis, the variables that retained their independent explanatory role on total hip BMD, were BMI and protein intake in men, and BMI and albumin in women. By logistic regression analysis, men risked having a low BMD with a BMI <22 (OR=12) and a protein intake <65.7 g/day (OR=3.7). Women carried some risk already in the BMI 25-30 class (OR=5), and a much greater risk in the BMI <22 class (OR=26). Albumin <40 g/l also emerged as an independent risk factor (OR=2.6). BMI in both genders, albumin in women and protein intake in men have an independent effect on BMD. BMI values <22 are normal for younger adults but carry a higher risk of osteoporosis in the elderly, particularly in women. Age-related sarcopenia does not seem to be involved in bone mass loss.

Greater Fish, Fruit, and Vegetable Intakes Are Related to Lower Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism

Little is known about the role of dietary intake in the development of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolus (venous thromboembolism [VTE]). Homocysteine, factor VIII, and von Willebrand factor levels, risk factors for VTE, are influenced by dietary intake. We tested the hypothesis that foods rich in B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids are negatively associated and meat intake is positively associated with incidence of VTE. In a prospective study over 12 years, 14,962 middle-aged adults participating in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study were followed up for incident VTE. All hospitalizations were identified, and 196 VTEs were validated by chart review. A food frequency questionnaire assessed dietary intake at baseline and year 6. In separate proportional hazards regression analyses, risk of developing VTE was computed across quintiles of selected nutrients, major food groups, and the Western diet pattern, with adjustment for demographic and lifestyle factors, body mass index, and diabetes. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of VTE incidence across quintiles of fruit and vegetable intake were 1.0 (reference), 0.73 (0.48 to 1.11), 0.57 (0.37 to 0.90), 0.47 (0.29 to 0.77), and 0.59 (0.36 to 0.99) (P(trend)=0.03). Eating fish 1 or more times per week was associated with 30% to 45% lower incidence of VTE for quintiles 2 to 5 compared with quintile 1, suggestive of a threshold effect. Hazard ratios of VTE across quintiles of red and processed meat intake were 1.0, 1.24 (0.78 to 1.98), 1.21 (0.74 to 1.98), 1.09 (0.64 to 1.87), and 2.01 (1.15 to 3.53) (P(trend)=0.02). Hazard ratios were attenuated only slightly after adjustment for factors VIIc and VIIIc and von Willebrand factor. A diet including more plant food and fish and less red and processed meat is associated with a lower incidence of VTE.

Rethinking Growth Failure in Alagille Syndrome: The Role of Dietary Intake and Steatorrhea

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo characterize the energy and nutrient intake, and the degree of fat malabsorption in children with Alagille syndrome (AGS) and to examine their cross‐sectional associations with growth and nutritional status.MethodsPrepubertal children with AGS were evaluated for dietary intake, growth, bone age, and body composition. Children and their families collected a three‐day, weighed diet record at home. Stools were collected for 72 hours and the coefficient of fat absorption (COA) was determined.ResultsChildren (mean age 6.7 ± 3.6 years) with AGS (n = 26) had low height‐for‐age z‐scores (HAZ), weight‐for‐age z‐scores (WAZ) (−1.9 ± 1.3 and −1.7 ± 1.1, respectively), and delayed skeletal maturation (−1.4 ± 1.8 years). Fifty‐eight percent of the subjects were less than the 5th percentile for height and 54% were less than the 5th percentile for weight. At least 20% of children with AGS had low dietary intake for several nutrients including: calories, fat, calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin E. Children who consumed &lt;2/3 Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for calcium (n = 6) had a statistically significantly lower HAZ (−3.2 ± 1.3) than those who consumed &gt;2/3 DRI (−1.5 ± 1.0), (P &lt; 0.003). Ninety‐six percent of the subjects had steatorrhea with a mean COA of 75 ± 16%.ConclusionsThese data suggest that prepubertal children with AGS are at‐risk for poor nutrient intake which, compounded with steatorrhea, may have a negative effect on growth and nutritional status. Intervention studies to increase energy and nutrient intake are needed to determine the effect of improved dietary intake on growth and nutritional status of children with AGS.

Rethinking growth failure in Alagille syndrome: the role of dietary intake and steatorrhea.

To characterize the energy and nutrient intake, and the degree of fat malabsorption in children with Alagille syndrome (AGS) and to examine their cross-sectional associations with growth and nutritional status. Prepubertal children with AGS were evaluated for dietary intake, growth, bone age, and body composition. Children and their families collected a three-day, weighed diet record at home. Stools were collected for 72 hours and the coefficient of fat absorption (COA) was determined. Children (mean age 6.7 +/- 3.6 years) with AGS (n = 26) had low height-for-age z-scores (HAZ), weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ) (-1.9 +/- 1.3 and -1.7 +/- 1.1, respectively), and delayed skeletal maturation (-1.4 +/- 1.8 years). Fifty-eight percent of the subjects were less than the 5th percentile for height and 54% were less than the 5th percentile for weight. At least 20% of children with AGS had low dietary intake for several nutrients including: calories, fat, calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin E. Children who consumed <2/3 Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for calcium (n = 6) had a statistically significantly lower HAZ (-3.2 +/- 1.3) than those who consumed >2/3 DRI (-1.5 +/- 1.0), (P < 0.003). Ninety-six percent of the subjects had steatorrhea with a mean COA of 75 +/- 16%. These data suggest that prepubertal children with AGS are at-risk for poor nutrient intake which, compounded with steatorrhea, may have a negative effect on growth and nutritional status. Intervention studies to increase energy and nutrient intake are needed to determine the effect of improved dietary intake on growth and nutritional status of children with AGS.

Introduction: Metabolic, Endocrine, and Gastrointestinal (MEG) Disorders in Drug Abuse and HIV/AIDS

Introduction: Metabolic, Endocrine, and Gastrointestinal (MEG) Disorders in Drug Abuse and HIV/AIDS

Effect of phosphate deprivation on renal phosphate transport in the dog.

In order to examine the role of dietary intake of phosphate in regulating renal phosphate transport, clearance and micropuncture studies were performed in 25 dogs with various duration of phosphate deprivation induced by low phosphate diet and aluminum hydroxide gel. In phosphate deprivation of 17-41 days duration, the phosphaturic response to extracellular volume expansion (ECVE) was blunted in the intact group and was virtually abolished in the acutely thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) group. With longer phosphate deprivation of 53-110 days, no phosphaturia occurred after ECVE or administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH), even with intact parathyroids. These alterations in phosphaturic responses did not correlate with the plasma phosphate but rather with the duration of phosphate deprivation. Fractional proximal tubule phosphate reabsorption was enhanced in phosphate deprivation and the proximal tubule fluid-to-ultrafilterable phosphate ratio appeared to be a good index for the degree of phosphate deprivation. Acute infusion of phosphate to raise plasma phosphate slightly above normal did not completely restore the responsiveness to ECVE. It is concluded that the adaptive response to phosphate deprivation occurs in both proximal and distal nephron segments and that factors other than plasma phosphate are primarily responsible for such an adaptation.