Role Of Chemical Elements Research Articles

Ядерно-физическая медицинская элементология как раздел медицинской радиологии

Purpose: Medical elementology and its subsection nuclear physics medical elementology, as the most important areas of biomedical science, are still insufficiently included in the arsenal of medical radiology as a fundamental basis for the development and use of new methods for diagnosing and treating various diseases, including oncological ones. For the successful establishment of nuclear physics medical elementology as a new scientific discipline, it is necessary to develop a clear methodology for its further development. Results: The definition of the subject of research and the main postulates of medical elementology is given. The close interrelation of knowledge about the content and metabolism of chemical elements, as well as their radioactive and stable isotopes, with the needs of medical radiology is shown. The following areas of research are considered: 1) The use of chemical elements, as well as their radioactive and stable isotopes in medicine; 2) Visualization of organs and tissues, as well as in vivo determination of the content of chemical elements in them; 3) Nuclear physical methods for determining chemical elements in samples of tissues and fluids of the human body in solving oncological problems; 4) The role of chemical elements in calculating absorbed doses during radiotherapy; 5) The use of nuclear physical methods in the formation of groups at increased risk of cancer. A range of modern nuclear physics analytical methods acceptable in clinical practice and as an adequate research tool is outlined. The need for the integrated use of nuclear physics analytical technologies to obtain reference values ​​for the content of chemical elements in various organs, tissues and fluids of the human body in normal and various pathological conditions, as well as to organize the strictest quality control of measurements and unify methodological approaches is demonstrated. The modern possibilities of using the achievements of nuclear physics medical elementology in solving the problems of medical radiology are determined and the priorities for the future are outlined. Conclusion: The steady development of nuclear physical methods of chemical elements analysis and their implementation in medicine is constantly expanding the scope of possibilities of medical elementology. The development of this area will certainly make a significant contribution to the future successes of medical radiology.

Comparison between Bromine, Calcium, Chlorine, Iodine, Potassium, Magnesium, Manganese, and Sodium Contents in Normal Thyroid and Riedel’s Struma

Role of chemical elements (ChE) in etiology and pathogenesis of Riedel’s disease (RD) is unclear. The aim of this exploratory study was to assess whether there were significant changes in thyroid tissue levels of eight ChE (Br, Ca Cl, I, K, Mg, Mn, and Na) are present in the fibrotic transformed thyroid. Eight ChE of thyroid tissue were determined in 6 patients with RD. The control group included thyroid tissue samples from 105 healthy individuals. Measurements were conducted using non-destructive instrumental neutron activation analysis with high-resolution spectrometry of short-lived radionuclides. Reduced mean values of Ca and I content in 6.3 and 6.7 times, respectively, while elevated level of Br in 5.1 times were found in thyroid with RD in comparison with normal level. Because considerable changes in some ChE contents in tissue of thyroid with RD were found, it is reasonable to assume that the levels of these ChE in affected thyroid tissue can be used as RD markers. However, this topic needs additional studies.

Comparison of Nineteen Chemical Element Contents in Normal Thyroid and Thyroid with Riedel’s Struma

Background: Role of chemical elements (ChE) in etiology and pathogenesis of Riedel’s disease (RD) is unclear. Objectives: The aim of this exploratory study was to assess whether there were significant changes in thyroid tissue levels of nineteen ChE (Ag, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, I, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, and Zn) are present in the fibrotic transformed thyroid. Methods: Nineteen ChE of thyroid tissue were determined in 6 patients with RD. The control group included thyroid tissue samples from 105 healthy individuals. Measurements were conducted using combination of non-destructive methods such as energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent analysis and instrumental neutron activation analysis. Results: Reduced mean values of Ca and I content in 6.3 and 6.7 times, respectively, while elevated level of Br and Rb in 5.9 and 1.9 times, respectively, were found in thyroid with RD in comparison with normal level. Conclusions: There are considerable changes in some ChE contents in tissue of thyroid with RD. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that the levels of these ChE in affected thyroid tissue can be used as RD markers. However, this topic needs additional studies.

Evaluation of Twenty Chemical Elements in Thyroid with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis using X-Ray Fluorescent and Neutron Activation Analysis

Background: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is an internationally important health problem. Objectives: Role of chemical elements (ChE) in etiology and pathogenesis of HT is unclear. The aim of this exploratory study was to assess whether there were significant changes in thyroid tissue levels of twenty ChE (Ag, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, and Zn) are present in the HT transformed thyroid. Methods Twenty ChE of thyroid tissue were determined in 8 patients with HT. The control group included thyroid tissue samples from 105 healthy individuals. Measurements were conducted using combination of non-destructive methods such as energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent analysis and instrumental neutron activation analysis. Results Reduced mean values of Ca and I content almost in two times, while elevated level of Ag, Cu, Hg, and Na in 21, 1.2, 30, and 1.5 times, respectively, were found in thyroid with HT in comparison with normal level. Conclusions There are considerable changes in some ChE contents in tissue of thyroid with HT. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that the levels of these ChE in affected thyroid tissue can be used as HT markers. However, this topic needs additional studies.

PSXI-1 Influence of concentrations of essential and toxic elements in semen on qualitative characteristics of sperm of Holstein bulls

Abstract Many studies show that an excess or deficiency of chemical elements in an animal’s body can lead to a number of reproductive disorders. In this regard, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of concentrations of essential and toxic elements in semen on qualitative characteristics of semen of sire bulls. The studies were carried out on Holstein bulls at the age of 3–4 years (n = 65). Sperm concentration (billions) was estimated using a digital photometer (IMV Technologies). Sperm activity (score) was studied using a phase contrast microscope (Nikon ECLIPSE E400, Tokyo, Japan). The elemental composition of the semen was determined by 25 chemical elements (Al, As, B, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, I, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Se, Si, Sn, Hg, Sr, V, Zn) by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Coefficients were calculated according to Spearman’s correlation. As a result of the research, it was found that sperm activity negatively correlated (r = -0.47; P ≤ 0.05) with the Pb content in semen and had a positive correlation with Zn concentrations (r = 0.55; P ≤ 0.05); Se (r = 0.64; P ≤ 0.05); P (r = 0.67; P ≤ 0.05). Sperm concentration was positively correlated with Cu levels (r = 0.55; P ≤ 0.05); P (r = 0.76; P ≤ 0.05); Se (r = 0.66; P ≤ 0.05). Thus, the results of the carried out studies indicate a high degree of relationship between the content of essential and toxic elements in semen and main qualitative characteristics of sperm. A deeper study of the role of chemical elements in reproductive function can be useful in overcoming the problem of low reproductive capacity of sires. The studies were carried out in accordance with the research plan for 2019–2021. FSBSI Federal Research Centre BST RAS (No. 0761-2019-0006)

Evaluation of twenty chemical element contents in thyroid adenomas using neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Thyroid adenomas (TA) are benign tumors, but there is a 20% possibility of malignant transformation. The distinguishing between the TA and thyroid cancer (TC) is tricky, therefore new TA biomarkers are needed. Furthermore, the role of chemical elements (ChE) in etiology and pathogenesis of TA is unclear. The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate whether significant changes in the thyroid tissue levels of twenty chemical elements (ChE) Al, B, Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, I, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Si, Sr, V, and Zn exist in the adenomatous transformed thyroid. Thyroid tissue levels of twenty ChE were prospectively evaluated in 19 patients with TA and 105 healthy inhabitants. Measurements were performed using a combination of non-destructive and destructive methods: instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, respectively. Tissue samples were divided into two portions. One was used for morphological study while the other was intended for ChE analysis. It was found that contents of of Al, B, Br, Cl, Cu, Na, and Zn are significantly higher whereas the levels of I some lower. in TA than in normal tissues. It was supposed that the changes in levels Al, B, Br, Cl, Cu, I, Na, and Zn in thyroid tissue can be used as TA markers.

Influence of the genotype of Holstein breed bulls-producers on the sodium content in the blood serum of sons

The study of the biological role of chemical elements in farm animals is one of the issues that scientists continue to investigate. A comprehensive study of the gene pool and phenofund of breeds and species of farm animals is being carried out in Siberia. An important issue is the search for vital markers of macronutrient accumulation, including sodium in organs and tissues of animals. The article presents data on the content of sodium in the blood serum of offspring obtained from bulls-producers of the Holstein breed. The experiment was carried out at OAO Vaganovo, Kemerovo region. The sodium concentration was determined by the atomic emission method on an ICP AES IRIS spectrometer at the V. S. Sobolev Analytical Center for Collective Use of the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS. In the area of Holstein cattle breeding, there is no excess of LOC for heavy metals in soil, water, feed, organs and tissues of animals. The influence of the genotype of the fathers of the Holstein breed on the sodium content in the blood serum of sons was established. The sodium concentration in Fabio’s offspring was 1.9 times higher (240.4 mg/ l) than in Brio’s sons (P ˂ 0.001). By the level of sodium in the serum of offspring, bulls-producers were arranged in the following order: Brio ˂ Bonaire ˂ Malstrom ˂ Fabio in a proportion of 1: 1.3: 1.5: 1.9. The phenotypic variability of this element between the offspring of different producers differed by 3 times or more. Interbreed differentiation, the influence of the genotype of producers, differences between lines and families sign the hereditary determination of resistance and susceptibility to the accumulation of macro- and microelements in organs and tissues of animals.

Evaluation of bone marrow hemopoiesis and the elemental status of the red bone marrow of chickens under introduction of copper to the organism.

The role of chemical elements in an organism is versatile and multifunctional. However, you should pay attention to the reaction of the organism on the introduction of chemical elements with different biological roles, which is predetermined by the physiological role of organs and body systems. These include the red bone marrow, which primarily responds to endogenous and exogenous factors by its functional significance. Analyzing the myelogram of birds after the various ways of copper NP introduction into the body and the different dosages, we found that, by the end of the experiment, the total numbers of bone marrow cells in all groups were lower than the initial values: in the second group-12.54% lower (p < 0.05), in third-26.32% lower (p < 0.001), for the fourth-14.75% lower (p < 0.05), with exception for the first experimental group where this index was 45.51% higher (р < 0.001). We revealed the following changes in the peripheral blood: the hemoglobin content by the end of the experiment was significantly higher than the initial values: by 18.63% for the first group (p < 0.01); 28.61% higher in the third group (p < 0.001); and 15.76% higher for the fourth (p < 0.01), except the animals of the second group (3.23% lower). The concentration of erythrocytes in all groups was higher than that of the background: by 24.56% (p < 0.001), by 3.37%, by 26.18% (p < 0.001), and by 14.85% (p < 0.01), respectively; the leukocyte concentration in the first group was 39.63% higher (p < 0.001), it remained at the level of the initial values in the other groups. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate in all groups increased by 2.4, 4.0, 2.01, and 1.86 times (p < 0.001), respectively. We revealed that the introduction of copper into an organism in the form of nanopowder both with feed and intramuscularly significantly caused an increase of the content of such elements as arsenic, copper, and silicon and a decrease of calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, boron, cobalt, iodine, lithium, sodium, zinc, tin, and strontium in the marrowy aspirate. Moreover, compared with the first group (p < 0.01), increasing doses of nanopowders caused a significant rise in the arsenic and tin concentrations and a decline of iodine and strontium. We found that copper nanoparticles ambiguously affect the bone marrow hemopoiesis of poultry; increasing the dose and changing the type of introduction activating the bone marrow hematopoietic function, in particular, granulocyto-, megakaryocyto-, and erythropoiesis.

Peculiarities of the bone-marrow hemopoiesis, peripheral blood, and the elemental status of the red bone marrow of poultry resulted from copper introduction

Metals in an electrically neutral form produced with the method of vacuum condensation from metals are finely dispersed powders. The role of chemical elements in an organism is versatile and multifunctional. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the reaction of an organism on the introduction of chemical elements with different biological roles, which is predetermined by the physiological role of organs and body systems. These include the red bone marrow, which primarily responds to endogenous and exogenous factors by its functional significance. In order to study the influence of copper nanopowders on hematopoiesis of birds, we selected 150 10-day-old broiler chickens which formed 5 groups by the method of analogs (n = 30). All said above allows us to conclude that copper nanoparticles ambiguously affect the bone-marrow hemopoiesis of poultry; increasing the dose and changing the type of introduction activate bone marrow hematopoietic function, in particular, granulocyto-, megakaryocyto-, and erythropoiesis. Different dosages and ways of introduction of copper nanoparticles, in our opinion, ambiguously affect the bone-marrow hemopoiesis of poultry when using copper in doses of 1.7 mg/kg of feed, which is 50% of the daily needs of the organism. E A Sizova et al. proved a stimulating effect of copper nanoparticles in the same dosage on liver cells of chicks.

The role of chemical elements in melanoma

Publication of several studies attest the growing interest to investigate the real impact chemical elements and industrial pollution may have on the human health.In the current study we present novel data referring to the occurrence of the name of all chemical elements taken from the Mendeleev table, in the title of PubMed indexed melanoma articles. Nine hundred fifty four manuscripts were found to have in the title field the “melanoma” word and at least one of the 117 chemical elements.The occurrence of each chemical element in melanoma articles was then compared to the occurrence in epithelioma articles and squamous cell carcinoma articles, unrevealing substantial quantitative differences. Manuscripts having “skin” in the title were used as control manuscripts. The 10 elements most studied in melanoma manuscripts were found to be iodine, oxygen, ruthenium, boron, calcium, carbon, sodium, zinc, iron and technetium, accounting for more than 50% of the 954 identified manuscripts. In all such cases, the occurrence in melanoma manuscripts was found to be largely different as compared to epithelioma articles, as well as squamous cell carcinoma articles.The role of each of these elements in melanoma is discussed. Focal points•BedsideThe ten most common elements identified to play key roles in melanoma are shown here to be different from the ten most common found in other control conditions, such as epithelioma or other skin cancers.•BenchsideNew ways are necessary to organize the immense literature data currently available and to collect it in an ordered, systematic manner, easy to read and to interpret.•IndustrySystematic searches in PubMed -indexed literature leading to ordered outputs may facilitate the interpretation of published data. In the present study the role each chemical element plays in melanoma has been investigated by exhaustive searches in PubMed -indexed literature.•GovernmentsThere is an increasing interest to investigate the impact chemical elements and industrial pollution have on the human health.

Element content analyses in the Institute for Food Sciences, Quality Assurance and Microbiology

The role of chemical elements to ensure and promote our health is undisputed. Some of them are essential for plants, animals and human, others can cause diseases. The major source of mineral constituents is food, drinking water has a minor contribution to it, so the knowledge of elemental intake through food is crucial and needs continuous monitoring and by this way it promotes the food quality assurance and dietetics.With the evolution of spectroscopic methods increasingly lower concentrations could be determined, so the elemental composition of a sample could be more precisely and fully described. Due to the results the gathered knowledge up to the present is supported and new observations can be done helping us to understand such complex systems as biological organisms are.The quality of a food is determined by the full process of its production, consequently it starts with agricultural production so elemental-analysis usually cover the whole soil – plant – (animal) – food chain, by this way the „Fork-to-Farm” precept is true in elemental analysis field also.The history of elemental analysis in the University of Debrecen, Centre for Agricultural and Applied Economic Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Processing, Quality Assurance and Microbiology goes back to 1980s when the so called Regional Measurement Central gave the background for research. The continuous deployment resulted in an obtain of an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) in 1988, which extended the scope of examinations due to its excellent performance characteristicscompared to flame atom absorption (FAAS) and flame emission spectrometers (FES). The instrumental park retain up to date correlate to the developing analytical techniques due to acquiring a newer ICPAES in 1998 and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer in 2004 – which sensitivity is three order of magnitude better compared to ICP-AES. The Institute supports the work with its own ICP-AES and ICP-MS since 2011.

Elemental micro-imaging and quantification of human substantia nigra using synchrotron radiation based x-ray fluorescence—in relation to Parkinson’s disease

Synchrotron radiation based x-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) was applied to the quantitative evaluation of elemental changes in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) in the framework of a study on the role of chemical elements in the pathophysiology of PD. The analysis was carried out for dopaminergic nerve cells and extraneuronal spaces. The mass fractions of P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br and Rb were determined. The application of standard samples developed especially for the determination of elemental mass fractions in thin tissue sections using the SRXRF technique is presented. Two-dimensional maps of elemental distribution show that the location of nerve cells in SNc sections is precisely visualized by the high levels of most elements. It was found that statistically significant differences between control and PD neurons are observed for S (p = 0.04), Cl (p = 0.02), Ca (p = 0.08), Fe (p = 0.04) and Zn (p = 0.04). The mass fractions of P (p = 0.08), S (p = 0.07), Cl (p = 0.04), Zn (p = 0.08) and Rb (p = 0.08) in areas outside the nerve cell bodies differed significantly between PD and control groups. A clear cluster separation between the PD nerve cells and neurons representing the control group was noticed. It was found that Cl, Fe, Ca and Zn are the most significant elements in the general discrimination between PD nerve cells and the control. The comparison between the extraneuronal spaces showed that Cl, Fe and Cu differentiate the PD and control group the most. The evident contribution of chemical elements to the pathophysiology of PD was shown.

Mineral metabolism in various pathogenetic types of inflammation

Background. A large amount of experimental and clinical data on the content and the role of chemical elements in the human body is accumulated by nowadays. However, the state of mineral metabolism, mechanisms of action and the role of chemical elements in the etiology and pathogenesis of infl ammatory, autoimmune and other diseases are to be studied. Objective. To examine the state of mineral metabolism (calcium - Ca, magnesium - Mg, iron - Fe, cobalt - Co, copper - Cu, zinc - Zn) in various pathogenetic variants of infl ammatory processes in the blood serum of patients with acute coronary syndrome, community-acquired pneumonia and rheumatoid arthritis.

Intermetallic R-phase in maraging steels of the Fe-Cr-Ni-Co-Mo system

Concentration and temperature conditions of formation of intermetallic R-phase in margining steels of the Fe-Cr-Ni-Co-Mo system are studied with the help of methods of physicochemical phase analysis and x-ray diffraction analysis. The role of chemical elements in the formation of the multicomponent R-phase is determined. A hypothesis employing the Kasper dimensional principle is suggested for multicomponent intermetallics formed in steels.

Chairman’s opening remarks

First I would like to express some doubt about the suitability of the adjective ‘anomalous’, which in the present context can only mean ‘unusual’. Nothing in Nature can be truly anomalous in the broad scheme of things. Furthermore, the programme shows that what we are looking for is indication from known terrestrial biochemistry of directions in which we may find possible extensions to other bio-logical systems of a novel type, even to some in which the role of chemical elements may be modified or more drastically changed. Recent progress in organic chemistry offers many suggestions such as the boron-nitrogen and boron-carbon and phosphorus-nitrogen combinations. Silicon has often been suggested as a basis for life chemistry under non-terrestrial conditions. All these ideas have to be entertained as possibilities, but my own belief is that the carbon-oxygen-nitrogen-hydrogen structures would always be preferred as the basis of life in a range of conditions approximating to those of the Earth. This view is based on the fundamental properties of compounds of these elements and the nature of the chemical links between their atoms. Phosphorus, sulphur and various metals have essential parts to play, mainly in the promotion of biochemical transformations.

Vibration spectra of three-component silicate glasses and the role of chemical elements in the structure of glass

Vibration spectra of three-component silicate glasses and the role of chemical elements in the structure of glass

Role of Chemical Elements in Eliciting Experimental Cutaneous Calcinosis, Following Pretreatment with Dihydrotachysteroll

1. Eighty-six compounds were screened for their local activity in eliciting cutaneous calcinosis in rats pretreated with dihydrotachysterol. 2. Alkali and alkali earth metals, as well as non-metallic elements when given as their common inorganic anion of sodium or potassium salts, were not active in producing cutaneous calcinosis. 3. Most metal elements, except alkali and alkali earth metal elements were active; but their effect seemed to depend on the specific characteristics of the elements themsevles. 4. Iron as a cation was one of the most active elements in eliciting cutaneous calcinosis.