Role Of Candida Species Research Articles

Role of Candida species in the occurrence of dental caries in Thi Qar Governorate

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease associated with many factors such as cariogenic microorganisms. Candida is known to be associated with early colonization of cariogenic leading to dental caries. The current study aims to isolation and diagnosis Candida species from caries lesions and the surrounding dental plaque in relation to dental caries. This study was conducted during July 2021–December 2022 in Thi-Qar governorate. Samples were collected from 100 patients using sterile procedures for ages from 4 to 65 years for both genders for various factors such as daily intake of sweets, daily brushing of teeth and smoking. Eighty three Candida isolates of six species were isolated, C. albicans was 44, C. glabrata 11, C. dubliniensis 14, C. tropicalis 10, C. krusei 3 and C. utilis 1, in all age groups and for both genders. The current study proved the existence and role of different species of Candida in causing caries disease, not just C. albicans.

P296 The role of Candida in acute pancreatitis: A disregarded pathogen

Poster session 2, September 22, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PMBackgroundAcute pancreatitis is often complicated by infection of peri-pancreatic necrotic tissue. The infectious etiology commonly involves gram negative enteric bacilli and enterococci. Role of Candida species has remained debatable, despite being isolated in pure or mixed cultures in specimens. We evaluated patients with acute pancreatitis with Candida infection over a duration of 4 years for assessment of risk and prognostic factors.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and role of Candida infection in patients of acute pancreatitis and ascertain the species distribution and risk factors.MethodsThis study was conducted including adult patients who were admitted to gastro-surgery department and had clinical suspicion of peri-pancreatic fungal infection. Specimens included peri-pancreatic fluid collection obtained intra-operatively or aspirated USG-guided, drain fluid and blood. In addition to aerobic bacterial culture, fungal cultures were performed availing standard mycological procedures. Candida infections were categorized into true and possible as per Chakraborty et al. with some modifications.True Candida infection of pancreatic tissue was considered when yeast cells were seen and grown in pure or mixed culture fromPeri-pancreatic fluid obtained intra-operatively, orUSG-guided aspirate, orAbdominal drain fluid and blood culture.Possible Candida infection of pancreatic tissue was considered when Candida spp were isolated fromAbdominal drain effluent (at least two samples) in postoperative patients, or Candida spp grown in only in blood culture.Relevant patient information was obtained from hospital information system. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 statistical software and MS Excel.ResultsA total of 14 cases were identified amongst which 6/14 (42.9%) had true Candida infection whereas possible Candida infection was seen in 8/14 (57.1%) patients. Out of these, C. tropicalis was the predominant species seen in 9/14 (64.3%) whereas C. albicans was seen in 4/14 (28.6%). One isolate of C. auris was identified. Patients with C. tropicalis infection showed higher mortality (6/9, 66.7%) as compared with patients with other Candida species, in whom 20% (1/5) mortality was noted. Acknowledging limitations inherent to retrospective data extraction, we delineated some of the possible risk factors predisposing to Candida infection, given in Table 1.Table 1.Prevalence of risk factors.Predisposing factorPrevalenceUsage of broad-spectrum antibiotics100% (7/7)Presence of central venous catheter77.8% (7/9)Surgical intervention/USG guided aspiration100% (13/13)Intensive care unit (ICU) admission35.7% (5/14)ConclusionRole of Candida species in the pathogenesis of adjacent tissues in case of acute pancreatitis has been neglected in past, but now being increasingly recognized. C. tropicalis is the commonest isolate in our study and carries very high mortality. Screening for Candida spp should be carried out in these patients in view of starting antifungal treatment at the earliest possible so that proper diagnosis and management can be undertaken.

The role of Candida species in peri-implant diseases

The role of Candida species in peri-implant diseases

A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF GARLIC AND PROPOLIS EXTRACTS AGAINST CANDIDAALBICANS WITH AMPHOTERICIN-B AS CONTROL - AN IN-VITRO STUDY.

Introduction: -Oral candidiasis is an infection of oral cavity caused by an over growth of candida species. The proportions of yeast in the periodontal pockets are similar to some of periodontal bacteria, thus suggesting the possible role of Candida species in pathogenesis of periodontal pocket. The plant extract such as garlic and propolis, contain bioactive components which act against these organisms with no or less side effects than by the conventional antibiotics. Objectives: - To evaluate the efficacy of garlic and propolis extracts against candida albicans and compare it with Amphotericin-B as control at 3 different concentrations Methodology: - Subgingival plaque samples were collected and selectively cultivated for candida albicans. The antimicrobial activity of propolis and garlic was assessed and compared with Amphotericin-B. Conclusion: Garlic extract can be used as a potent agent in the eradication of candida albicans in chronic periodontitis patient.

A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF GARLIC AND PROPOLIS EXTRACTS AGAINST CANDIDAALBICANS WITH AMPHOTERICIN-B AS CONTROL - AN IN-VITRO STUDY.

Introduction: -Oral candidiasis is an infection of oral cavity caused by an over growth of candida species. The proportions of yeast in the periodontal pockets are similar to some of periodontal bacteria, thus suggesting the possible role of Candida species in pathogenesis of periodontal pocket. The plant extract such as garlic and propolis, contain bioactive components which act against these organisms with no or less side effects than by the conventional antibiotics. Objectives: - To evaluate the efficacy of garlic and propolis extracts against candida albicans and compare it with Amphotericin-B as control at 3 different concentrations Methodology: - Subgingival plaque samples were collected and selectively cultivated for candida albicans. The antimicrobial activity of propolis and garlic was assessed and compared with Amphotericin-B. Conclusion: Garlic extract can be used as a potent agent in the eradication of candida albicans in chronic periodontitis patient.

Role of Candida Species in Oral Lichen Planus

ABSTRACTCandida albicansis the most common fungal pathogen in humans, although otherCandidaspecies can also cause candidiasis. Patients with symptomatic or erythematous oral lichen planus (OLP) have commonly been associated with these. In recent times, however, there has been a notable shift in the incidence of non-Candida albicans(NCA) species which is gaining prominence due to significant differences in their susceptibility to antimycotic drugs. Studies showed thatC. glabrataandC. tropicaliswere the most common NCA species isolated in OLP. Treatment failure is common among NCA species in OLP due to its intrinsic resistant or low susceptibility to commonly used antifungal agents. This article reviews the role ofCandidaspecies in etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of OLP.How to cite this article:Sarkate PR, Pathak J, Patel S,et al.Role ofCandidaSpecies in Oral Lichen Planus. J Contemp Dent 2019;9(3):124–129.

Bacterial endotoxins and microorganisms in the oral cavities of patients on cancer therapy

ObjectivesThis study investigated the presence of Streptococci, Staphylococci, aerobic gram negative bacteria (AGNB), Candida and bacterial endotoxins in the oral cavities of patients receiving chemo- and/or radiotherapy for cancer. MethodsSamples of oral cavity rinse were collected from 100 patients on cancer treatment and 70 healthy individuals. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Samples were cultured onto various agar plates for qualitative and quantitative analysis and tested for the presence of endotoxin. Results were analysed using the Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests. ResultsIn cancer patients, S. aureus counts were high and 66.7% of patients on chemo- and radiotherapy carried these bacteria (p=<0.05). The Candida carrier rate was significantly (p < 0.01) high in cancer patients (54%). No significant difference was found in the carrier rate of Streptococci and AGNB between the healthy and cancer group as well as between the cancer patients with chemo and radio- and chemotherapy alone. No significant difference was found in the level of endotoxin between the cancer patients and healthy individuals, and cancer patients with and without AGNB. ConclusionsNo differences in the prevalence of bacteria and bacterial endotoxins were found between the cancer patients and healthy individuals. Oral cavity endotoxins did not correlate with the carriage of AGNB. However, due to the high prevalence in cancer patients, the role of Candida species and S. aureus in the pathology may not be excluded.

Prevalence and Possible Role of Candida Species in Patients with Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Although fungal colonization is implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, its prevalence remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide an overview on the prevalence of Candida species in patients with psoriasis. We searched databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and http://clinicaltrials.gov) to identify studies involving subjects of any age with an established diagnosis of psoriasis and healthy controls, who were tested for carriage of Candida spp. on the skin or mucosal membranes (or saliva and stool), or presented with clinical candidiasis with microbiologically confirmed etiology. We identified nine cross-sectional studies including a total of 1038 subjects with psoriasis (psoriatics) and 669 controls. We found Candida species detection rates for psoriatics were significantly higher than those in the controls, especially in the oral mucosa milieux. These results suggest psoriasis may be one of the systemic diseases that predispose to oral Candida spp. carriage and infection.

Estimation of biofilm, proteinase & phospholipase production of the Candida species isolated from the oropharyngeal samples in HIV-infected patients.

Background & objectives:Candida, the most common opportunistic infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), attributes its pathogenicity to its virulence factors, mainly the biofilms, the proteinases and the phospholipases. There is a significant interplay of these factors during the HIV infection. This study was aimed to estimate the biofilm, proteinase and phospholipase production in Candida species isolated from the oropharyngeal samples in the HIV-infected patients.Methods:A total of 126 consecutive HIV-positive patients were screened for Candida growth using oropharyngeal swabs. Identification was done by Gram staining, germ tube test, chlamydospore identification, chromagar and biochemical tests on Vitek 2. Biofilm production was observed on Sabouraud's dextrose broth with glucose, phospholipase production in egg yolk agar medium and proteinase production in bovine serum albumin agar medium.Results:Of a total of 126 patients, 53 (42.06%) showed Candida growth: Candida albicans (n=46, 86.8%) was most common followed by the non-albicans Candida (NAC) (n=7, 13.93%). Of a total 33 (62.3%) biofilm positive isolates, significant production was observed in the NAC species (P <0.05). C. albicans reported the highest phospholipase (n=37/41, 90.24%) and proteinase (n=37/43, 86%) activities in a total of 41 (77%) phospholipase positive and 43 (81.1%) proteinase positive isolates.Interpretation & conclusions:Although C. albicans was the most common Candida species identified in HIV positive patients, the emergence of NAC was of special concern. Virulence factors such as biofilms, proteinases and phospholipases were noted in both these groups. Further research is required for better understanding of the pathogenic role of Candida species so as to aid in therapeutic interventions.

Role of Candida species from HIV infected children in enamel caries lesions: an in vitro study.

Objectives This study analyzed the capacity of Candida spp. from dental biofilm of HIV infected (HIV+) children to demineralize primary molar enamel in vitro by Transversal Microhardness (TMH), Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) and the quantity of calcium ions (Ca2+) released from the enamel.Material and Methods Candida spp. samples were isolated from the supragingival biofilm of HIV+ children. A hundred and forty (140) enamel blocks were randomly assigned to six groups: biofilm formed by C. albicans (Group 1); mixed biofilm formed by C. albicans and C. tropicalis (Group 2); mixed biofilm formed by C. albicans and C. parapsilosis (Group 3); mixed biofilm formed by C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata (Group 4); biofilm formed by C. albicans ATCC (Group 5) and medium without Candida (Group 6). Enamel blocks from each group were removed on days 3, 5, 8 and 15 after biofilm formation to evaluate the TMH and images of enamel were analyzed by PLM. The quantity of Ca2+ released, from Groups 1 and 6, was determined using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The SPSS program was used for statistical analysis and the significance level was 5%.Results TMH showed a gradual reduction in enamel hardness (p<0.05) from the 1st to 15th day, but mainly five days after biofilm formation in all groups. The PLM showed superficial lesions indicating an increase in porosity. C. albicans caused the release of Ca2+ into suspension during biofilm formation.Conclusion Candida species from dental biofilm of HIV+ children can cause demineralization of primary enamel in vitro.

The oncogenic potential of Candida in the female genital tract.

The possible role of Candida species in carcinogenesis at the uterine cervix was investigated in 226 females attending a colposcopy clinic. Approximately 34% of the 226 subjects harbored Candida species in cervical/vaginal secretions, but there was no association with any particular histologic abnormality. Two independent analytical procedures were used for strain discrimination of the isolates of C. albicans, but again no relationship was found between individual strains and histologic diagnoses. Only three C. glabrata strains were isolated, but they were all in association with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II or III. A total of 18 strains of C. albicans, one C. glabrata and one C. parapsilosis all inhibited the formation of the nitrosamine nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from precursors. Furthermore, C. albicans strains did not convert NDMA to carcinogenic metabolites. The results of this study do not suggest that C. albicans has a role in cervical carcinogenesis.

DoesCandidahave a role in oral epithelial neoplasia?

Candida species are responsible for a wide variety of superficial infections of man [59] and the pathogenic role of these yeasts in many conditions has now been defined. There is, however, a great deal of controversy concerning the role of Candida species in the development of epithelial neoplasia. Vaginal and cutaneous candidosis are relatively common but there is little firm clinical or epidemiological evidence to link them to cervical neoplasia or skin carcinoma [59]. The converse is true however for oral candidosis where chronic Candida infection and neoplasia have been strongly linked. The aim of this review is to explore and evaluate the experimental and epidemiological evidence supporting an association between Candida species and oral neoplasia.

The role of Candida species as an etiological factor of sexually transmitted diseases in men

The role of Candida species as an etiological factor of sexually transmitted diseases in men