Role Of Authorities Research Articles

Performances of Hope and Despair: A Case Study of Organ Donation Between a Palestinian and Israeli Jew Amidst War.

We explore the phenomenon of organ donation between rivals in time of war when a significant gift such as organ donation is given not just to a "stranger" but to a stranger who may be considered an enemy. This is a case study of a unique organ donation event that occurred in Israel during Operation Guardian of the Walls in May 2021. It involved a Palestinian boy killed by a Jewish policeman and a Jewish man killed by Palestinian youths. Both victims, lacking organ donor cards, had their organs donated by their families with the awareness that recipients could come from the "opposing" group. We ask: (1) How do families from rival groups construct meaning in their decision to donate organs? (2) How do they construct meaning in their experience of loss? The findings reveal that bereaved families imbue their actions with political and religious significance, framing the organ donations as a "universal gift" guided by religious commandments to save lives. While these acts initially transcend cultural and national boundaries, a lack of recognition and gratitude afterward can lead to disillusionment, reinforcing "us" versus "them" boundaries. This study underscores the intricate dynamics in organ donations during political conflict and the pivotal role of religious authorities in shaping perceptions and meaning. Moreover, it highlights the potential for organ donations to foster reconciliation and coexistence amidst conflict, provided mutual recognition in cases where compassion and understanding of loss are prioritized.

The intervention of local public authorities and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania: a subnational analysis.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a strong territorial dimension, with a highly asymmetric impact among Romanian counties, depending on pre-existing vulnerabilities, regions' economic structure, exposure to global value chains, specialization, and overall ability to shift a large share of employees to remote working. The aim of this paper is to assess the role of Romanian local authorities during this unprecedented global medical emergency by capturing the changes of public spending at the local level between 2010 and 2021 and amid the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify clusters of Romanian counties that shared similar characteristics in this period, using a panel data quantitative model and hierarchical cluster analysis. Our empirical analysis shows that between 2010-2021, the impact of social assistance expenditures was higher than public investment (capital spending and EU funds) on the GDP per capita at county level. Additionally, based on various macroeconomic and structural indicators (health, labour market performance, economic development, entrepreneurship, and both local public revenues and several types of expenditures), we determined seven clusters of counties. The research contributes to the discussion regarding the increase of economic resilience but also to the evidence-based public policies implementation at local level.

Роль имперских органов власти в процессе выборов мусульманского духовенства в общинах Енисейской губернии во второй половине XIX – начале XX в.

Introduction. The article discusses some actual conditions experienced by Muslim clerics of Yenisei Governorate (Eastern Siberia) in the context of Imperial Russia’s religious policies throughout the mid-nineteenth to early twentieth centuries. Attention is drawn to that the mid-to-late nineteenth century witnessed a Muslim population increase across the region, which implied that increased spiritual needs be duly satisfied. Goals. The article aims at specifying the role of official authorities in electing Muslim clerics within Yenisei Governorate. Materials and methods. The study focuses on corresponding imperially approved regulations for Muslim clergy and archival materials housed at the State Archive of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Central State Historical Archive of Bashkortostan, and Russian State Historical Archive. It is noteworthy that quite a number of the archival materials are being newly introduced into scientific circulation. The work rests on the methodological principles of objectivity and historicism that prove instrumental in assessing the government’s role in shaping the institution of Muslim clergy in Yenisei Governorate. To accomplish this, the chronological and historic-genetic methods are used. Results. The region’s sociohistorical agenda made any elections of required clerics somewhat problematic. The imperial statutes banned exiled (relocated) believers from participating in such processes, but sometimes legally capable members of a community were even fewer that the former. The obtained status of a mediator between the mahalla and government agencies would, inter alia, give rise to internal controversies. However, believers tended to perceive their mullah as a defender of their interests even at the government level. Our insights into archival materials attest to governorate-level executives had no clear understanding of how to arrange elections of Muslim clerics. Virtually being a government-sanctioned body, Orenburg Mohammedan Assembly would take pains to guarantee trustworthiness of to be appointed candidates. In the early twentieth century, such applicants would face even more restrictions enshrined by regulations and procedures of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Local authorities at the European Court of Human Rights

ABSTRACT The high-level Reykjavík Declaration (2023) recognises the importance of local authorities (the lowest tier of administration within a state) for the functioning of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) system. This article seeks to provide a better understanding of the human rights role of local authorities and the potential of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) as a promoter of this role. It examines how local authorities appear in the judgments of the ECtHR and assesses the extent to which they provide clear pictures of local authorities and their role in human rights issues. The analysis draws on a close reading of a sample of cases encompassing a diverse set of states and human rights issues. It shows how the ECtHR’s reasoning indicates what is required of a local authority for a specific set of circumstances, but also the general attributes of local authorities that are conducive to the provision of human rights. For judgments of the ECtHR to promote local authorities as human rights actors, local authorities and their interlocutors need to be able to identify the judgments and the elements of reasoning therein that are of most relevance for their circumstances.

IMPLEMENTATION AUTHORITY OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT IN THE INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW SYSTEM

This study delves into the historical evolution and significance of Indonesia's Constitutional Court, focusing on its speculated super authority and independent interpretation of the Constitution. Rooted in the global context of judicial review, the research traces the court's pivotal role back to discussions during the Draft Constitution at BPUPKI and its prominence in the 1945 reform era. With the primary goal of providing a comprehensive understanding of the Constitutional Court's journey, the study sheds light on its distinctive authority and pivotal role within Indonesia's legal and constitutional framework. The research explores the court's exclusive jurisdiction, making its decisions final and binding and limiting legal recourse for dissatisfied parties. By examining the court's historical development and legal foundations, the study elucidates the Constitutional Court's role as a guardian of the constitution. The research reveals that the court's significance stems from its establishment as a constitutional guardian during the 1945 reform era, gaining prominence with the Third Amendment to the 1945 Constitution. The court's exclusive jurisdiction solidifies its position as a final arbiter in constitutional matters, shaping the legal landscape and restricting avenues for legal redress. In conclusion, the Constitutional Court has evolved into a central player in constitutional interpretation, wielding exclusive jurisdiction and serving as a final arbiter, emphasizing its unique authority and indispensable role in shaping Indonesia's legal and constitutional framework.

Navigating governance with sticks, carrots, and sermons: Paving paths for sustainable development goals through local spatial planning

AbstractThe 2030 Agenda underscores the vital role of local authorities and civil society in implementing sustainable development goals (SDGs). Aligning with this agenda, the EU's spatial development framework imparts normative values, emphasizing sustainable territorial development, participatory governance, and multi‐level cooperation. This framework serves as a potential facilitator for spatial planning to ensure policy coherence in SDG implementation. Despite its potential, mainstreaming the 2030 Agenda through spatial planning encounters challenges, particularly navigating unresolved tensions between global SDG formulation and local ownership. These challenges are accentuated in countries with conformative planning systems and weak governance structures, requiring a specific methodological approach. To address these complexities, this study investigates the opportunities for leveraging SDGs within the multi‐level governance arena of spatial planning. Employing mixed quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods in a local planning context, the research explores key concerns arising from regional, national, and EU spatial development policies. The study delves into their potential leverage capacity for guiding and funding SDGs within a specific local context. Results suggest that using different policy mechanisms, spatial planning can better address the holistic nature of the 2030 Agenda. Although not all SDGs can be leveraged, a substantial part can be addressed whenever a broader multi‐level governance perspective is considered within local planning contexts.

Education and biopolitics: deconstructing authority in Polish textbooks

The article examines the mutual relations between education, biopolitics and authority. The objective is to deconstruct authority in relation to three biopolitical issues: abortion, sexual orientation, and IVF. This deconstruction is performed by analysis of the manifestations and strategies of authority employed in Polish textbooks for four subjects at secondary school: social studies, family life education, ethics, and religion. This provided an answer to the question both about the significance of biopolitical issues in the education process and about the role of authority in their construction. The main rhetorical practices for the construction of authority were science, using the strategy of “stating facts”; law, with the strategy of “establishing order”; and religion, whose strategy is “initiating opposition”. In the article, I conduct a qualitative analysis of each of the three rhetorical practices and make conclusions on the role of authority in the process of teaching biopolitical issues in school.

Intermediaries in local schooling landscapes: policy enactment and partnership building during times of crisis

ABSTRACT Despite the expansion of New Public Management reforms across the globe and complimentary trends of disintermediation, performance and privatisation, local government authorities in England continue to shape local schooling landscapes. In this paper, we document the role of a local government authority in England in an initiative called ‘Building On’, directed at supporting teachers in the first year of compulsory school to develop and transform their pedagogical practices in response to and following the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on evidence generated from interviews, observations and documentary analysis, we demonstrate that local government personnel performed two important and potentially decisive roles within this initiative: first, as interpreters and translators of policy; and second, as brokers of partnerships and collaborative exchanges. We then illustrate, using the analytic of policy enactment, the contextual dimensions underpinning the role performed by local government personnel within the initiative.

Managing circular ecosystems in imperfect contexts – the case of extractive fishing in the Brazilian Amazon region

Purpose This study aims to answer the question of how to structure a circular ecosystem for extractive fishing in the Amazon region. It explores possibilities for implementing a circular ecosystem management model in an imperfect market with low technological availability, high informality and limited public assistance. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative approach was adopted for this paper, with a case study on extractive fishing in the state of Amazonas. Data was collected through 35 interviews and direct observation of the processes of collecting, storing and transporting fish on two routes: Tapauá-Manaus and Manacapuru-Manaus. Findings Through the data collected, it was possible to observe the importance of an orchestrating agent – such as an association or even a public authority – for the establishment and development of a circular ecosystem for extractive fishing in the region. Research limitations/implications The paper makes theoretical contributions by presenting how a circular ecosystem management model could be implemented for an imperfect market in the Global South, as well as contributing to the literature on how the circular economy contributes to mitigate the threat to biodiversity posed by the linear economy. Practical implications It contributes to the management practice of structuring circular ecosystems. Social implications The role of public authorities and the collective organization of fishermen as orchestrators connecting the network of actors that develop the extractive fishing ecosystem is fundamental, guaranteeing effective social participation in solving local problems. Originality/value The idea of circular ecosystems was applied to imperfect contexts, with high informality, weak institutions and bioeconomy, topics still little explored in the literature.

The Effect of Watching Turkish Series on Gender Harmony in Jordanian Society

The Effect of Watching Turkish Series on Gender Harmony in Jordanian Society

The Role of the Financial Services Authority as a Strategic Partner for the Progress of the Indonesian Capital Market

The Indonesian capital market still faces several obstacles, including relatively low growth rates, limited access to finance, and significant financial risks. Financial services authorities can become strategic partners that encourage capital market growth and stability by innovating products and services, increasing financial access, and collaborating with other parties. This research uses a descriptive type of research with a literature review and reading sources related to the research collected using the literature review research method. This research aims to explore the role of financial services authorities as strategic partners in supporting the progress of the capital market in Indonesia. Based on various sources and theories, it can be concluded that as a supervisory authority, the OJK regulates and supervises institutional, prudential and sound aspects and carries out inspections of financial institutions to ensure that each financial institution is healthy and able to serve the public interest. OJK regulations apply to the issuance of operating permits for stock exchanges, clearing and guarantee institutions, investment fund custodians and settlement agents, securities companies, investment advisors, securities bureaus and other legal entities. OJK also collaborates with various related parties, including educational institutions, the financial industry and the government, to encourage innovation in the Indonesian capital market. The impact of this OJK partnership can help mitigate community losses due to errors by capital market players.

Role of State Authorities in Preserving Industrial Heritage of Chelyabinsk Region (1960s-1980s)

This article aims to identify the role and contribution of state authorities in the Chelyabinsk region during the 1960s-1980s in preserving industrial heritage sites. The relevance of this study is driven by the urgent need to draw attention of governmental structures to the issue of destruction of remaining monuments of industrial past. The primary sources utilized are archival materials concentrated in the Unified State Archive of the Chelyabinsk region, with many documents being introduced into scholarly circulation for the first time. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the absence of prior research on this topic. The tasks of state bodies in the field of monument protection according to existing regulatory acts of the specified period are identified. The research demonstrates that the most significant contribution was made towards identification, registration, and study of industrial heritage sites, with 43 objects receiving monument status by 1989. However, activities related to repair, restoration, and museumification of registered monuments proved less productive, as only one industrial heritage site had been museumified by 1989. This was attributed to insufficient oversight by state authorities regarding the preservation and utilization procedures of registered monuments.

Взаимодействие органов государственной власти субъектов Российской Федерации с муниципальной властью в вопросах регулирования недропользования (на примере Кемеровской области — Кузбасса)

The article examines some common problems of the raw material regions of the Russian Federation, taking into account their scale, including the example of the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass in matters of interaction between public authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation with local governments on effective subsoil use. The insufficient role of municipal authorities in the management of territories in the raw material regions is assessed, attention is drawn to the need to find a comprehensive effective solution.

The Role of Capital Development Authority, Dhaka, Bangladesh: From Sustainable Development Goals to Action

The Role of Capital Development Authority, Dhaka, Bangladesh: From Sustainable Development Goals to Action

Убеждение в виде правового просвещения как способ обеспечения миграционной безопасности Российской Федерации

The article suggests various approaches to defining the concept of persuasion and highlights the key direction of this measure in the form of legal education, implemented in the form of legal information for foreigners and host organizations and providing free legal assistance to migrants. The role of federal executive authorities in the application of this measure in the field of migration (the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Roszdravnadzor, Rostrud and judicial authorities) is reflected. It is concluded that the tools of legal education are aimed at the conscious implementation by migrants and host parties of the relevant migration norms and rules of conduct.

Роль центральных и региональных органов власти в развитии системы научных организаций в Красноярском крае в 1950–1970-е гг.

The formation of scientific organizations, as well as their networks, are traditionally determined through an economic base – by the need to develop either individual sectors of the national economy, most significant in a certain period, or the entire economy. At the same time, specific influences generated exclusively by the political sphere of public life are beyond consideration. This article attempts to comprehend these processes by examining the formation and development of not central, but peripheral, regional systems of scientific organizations. The author analyzes the role of political entities in the development of the scientific organizations structure of the Krasnoyarsk territory and identifies two main acting actors – the state and regional nomenclature with bureaucracy. While the state provides overarching directives and resources, regional elites wield significant influence over the allocation and distribution of scientific resources within the region. This interplay between central and regional actors results in a complex network of scientific institutions characterized by both cooperation and competition. In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of understanding the interplay between political, economic, and institutional factors in shaping regional scientific systems. By elucidating the roles of central and regional authorities, the research contributes to a nuanced understanding of the dynamics driving scientific development in peripheral regions.

Тенденции развития федерального законодательства в сфере территориального планирования и градостроительного зонирования

The legal regulation of urban development in Russia continues to develop actively, introducing new legal mechanisms and improving existing ones, which requires scientific analysis and evaluation. This scientific study examines current trends in the development of federal legislation in terms of territorial planning and urban zoning, and provides a legal assessment of the changes taking place. Special attention is paid to the delimitation of powers and the role of federal executive authorities in regulating territorial planning and urban zoning.

The specifics of the formation and development of the Islamic education system in the Russian Federation at the end of the XX and the first decades of the XXI century

This article is devoted to understanding the characteristic features of the process of formation and development of the Islamic education system in the Russian Federation in the 1990s – 2010s. The author, based on the analysis of scientific papers, analyzes the process of formation and development of the Muslim educational system in the Russian Federation. This study examines the specifics of the work of secondary and higher Islamic educational institutions in Russia in the 1990s – 2010s. The author studies the role of the Russian authority in the creation of a Muslim spiritual educational structure and the corresponding legislative framework that developed in Russia during the period under study.

A decentralized multi-authority CP-ABE scheme from LWE

As a cryptographic primitive supporting finer and richer access control, attribute-based encryption can provide more efficient, concise, secure and highly adaptive access control policies for cloud data, which has attracted the attention of many researchers. However, in a standard ABE scheme, the key can only be generated and issued by a central authority. The single authorization center has a heavy load and is vulnerable to attack. Once the center is paralyzed, it will bring serious security consequences. Multi-authorization center attribute encryption (MA-ABE) allows multiple parties to play an authoritative role, which can solve this problem.In this paper, we propose a MA-ABE scheme, which combines a global ID model, a two-stage sampling technique on a lattice and a monotonous linear secret sharing schemes (M-LSSS) to achieve a static security against arbitrary collusion in the random oracle model, in which the access policy of the scheme is expressed by DNF formula. Technically, our scheme is an improvement on the work of Datta et al. (2021), through this improvement, we can get shorter ciphertext and smaller key size.

The homily as a way to the synodal Church.The possibility of building a responsible laity

The first Church was formed during the Pentecostal speech of the apostles. The first forms of evangelization were narratives of personal experiences with Jesus. With the formation of structures in the Church, the role of authority in official proclamation in worship also developed. We will try to show how a communal sharing of God's word is necessary for a communal participation in Christ's sacrifice on the way to synodality. Pope Francis encourages everyone to bear witness to Christ. We would follow the words that Pope Francis wrote in The Joy of the Gospel: “We are not asked to be flawless, but to keep growing and wanting to grow as we advance along the path of the Gospel; our arms must never grow slack.” The fear of losing touch with the sources of Revelation and from the diversity of faith experiences must not stop us from seeking a word that would, as at the first Pentecost, inspire people to live the gospel. The primary responsibility for more believers to participate in the sacrifice of the Word in our liturgy lies with those who can speak today. We will point out guidelines on how to educate for greater participation and open the possibility for institutional change through the homily as we know it today. We will also point out some good practices that reflect the possibility of education for the testimony of all believers needed for a synodal Church.